1. Production conditions of black beans
To produce pollution-free black beans, the environmental indicators of the producing area should meet the environmental quality standards of pollution-free food producing areas.
Second, black bean variety selection and treatment
1. Variety selection According to local ecological conditions and market demand, select high-quality varieties with suitable maturity, high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance according to local conditions, such as Black Pearl 1.
2. Before seed selection and sowing, carefully select the seeds and remove diseased grains, residual grains, chaff grains, grass seeds and sundries. The seed purity reached 99%, the purity reached 98%, the germination rate reached 95%, and the quality reached the second grade.
3. The seeds were treated with 0.75L/ha rhizobia, and the seeds were evenly dressed in the dark. Do not mix fungicides after seed dressing, and sow within 24 hours after mixing.
Third, the planting time of black beans.
1. The suitable precision sowing is generally in May 15 -20. When the ground temperature with a depth of 5 cm in the soil stably passes through 8℃-9℃, the precision seeder should be used to sow in two rows on the ridge at the right time. Sow by pressing.
2. The sowing depth is generally 3 cm -4 cm. Sowing plots have thick soil or good and shallow water content, which can be slightly deeper in spring drought, strong wind, loose soil or poor water content.
3. Reasonable planting density should be determined according to variety characteristics, natural conditions, soil fertility and cultivation methods. The seedling protection density is 200,000-260,000 plants/hectare, and the sowing amount is 70-90 kg/hectare.
4. When the seed fertilizer is deeply applied, the compound fertilizer is deeply applied in layers at 8 cm and 12 cm with a precision seeder, and the fertilization amount is100 kg/ha-120 kg/ha.
Fourth, black bean planting, land selection and soil preparation.
1. Crop selection adopts three-year rotation system of wheat-corn-black beans and corn-wheat-black beans, and black beans are planted with wheat stubble or corn stubble.
2. Select plots with good drainage, fertile soil and good irrigation conditions for deep ploughing. Wheat stubble shallow turning in autumn15 cm-18 cm; Late autumn corn stubble, stubble range 12 cm- 15.cm, deep ploughing ≥30 cm.
3. Soil preparation and fertilization are mainly based on soil preparation in spring, and intensive cultivation is required. After harrowing, ridging is carried out in time to preserve moisture, and the ridge width is 60 cm. Before soil preparation, evenly apply 30 tons/ha of fully decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, and combine with harrowing and burying it in the plough layer.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) field management of black beans
1. Topdressing with shovels In order to improve the ground temperature, store water and conserve moisture, eliminate weeds, enhance the activity of soil microorganisms and promote the robust growth of seedlings, the furrow should be deeply loosened in time after the seedlings are fully cultivated, so as to shovel twice and three times, and the big grass should be pulled out once before the grass seeds are formed. Combined with secondary intertillage and soil tillage, topdressing urea 60 kg/ha.
2. Foliar topdressing In the early flowering stage and filling stage of black beans, 1 times 1% urea solution and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution were sprayed respectively.
3. Timely Irrigation In order to make the subsequent black beans full, in the flowering and pod-setting period, in case of drought, it should be irrigated/kloc-0 -2 times in time, generally 400 cubic meters/hectare 1 time, and 45 kilograms of urea should be applied with the water.
4. Pest control uses 10% imidacloprid 1500 times liquid spray to control aphids. At the initial stage of gray spot disease, 40% carbendazim 300 times solution was sprayed for prevention and control.