1. Fritillary Fritillary Knowledge

Fritillary Fritillary Knowledge 1. Types and medicinal properties of Fritillary Fritillaria

Fritillaria Fritillaria’s efficacy introduction: Fritillaria Fritillaria ("Southern Yunnan Materia Medica") Synonyms: Fritillary horsefly ("The Book of Songs"), yellow horsefly ("Guanzi"), wormwood ("Erzhi"), Fritillaria fritillary, Kongcao ("Benjing"), Fritillaria fritillary, Yaoshi ( "Guang Ya"), bitter flowers, bitter herbs, Qin Mu ("Bie Lu").

The source is the bulbs of Liliaceae plants such as Fritillaria fritillaris, Fritillaria fritillaris or Fritillaria fritillaris. Plant form ① Fritillaria fritillaris is a perennial herb, 15 to 55 cm tall.

The bulb is conical or nearly spherical, 5 to 12 mm in diameter. The stem is erect, green or slightly brownish-purple, with small gray spots.

The leaves are attached to the upper 1/3 or 1/5 of the stem, usually opposite at the lower end, and three-leaf whorls at the upper end, rarely alternate; the leaves are linear, 5 to 12 cm long and 2 to 10 cm wide. mm, the tip is curled into a tendril shape. The flowers are solitary on the top of the stem, with only 2 flowers, drooping, and bell-shaped; the perianth is 6-piece, rhombus-elliptical, 2.5~3 cm long, with 3 outer whorls that are more pinched, with an obtuse apex or a pointed tip, yellow-green, with Purple square pattern and veins: 6 stamens, 1-1.5 cm long; 3-chambered ovary, thicker style, 3-differentiated stigmas.

The capsule is hexagonal and rectangular, 7 to 20 mm long and 12 mm in diameter. Seeds are thin, flat, semicircular, and yellow.

The flowering period is June. Fruit ripening period is August.

Grows in alpine grasslands or moist shrubs. Distributed in Sichuan, ***, Yunnan, Gansu, Qinghai and other places.

The shape is similar to Fritillaria fritillaris, but the bulbs of this species are conical in shape, with a diameter of 6 to 8 mm. The lower leaves are often opposite, the upper leaves are alternate or nearly opposite, linear or linear-lanceolate, 4 to 6.5 meters long, 3 to 5 mm wide, and the apex is not curled.

The tepals are 2~2.5 cm long, the outer whorl is oblong, the inner whorl is rectangular-obovate, the outside is dark purple, the inside is yellow-green with irregular purple spots and veins; the filaments are densely covered with short hairs . Growing on sunny grassy slopes in high mountains.

Distributed at the junction of Sichuan and Qinghai. ③ Fritillary fritillary, also known as: Snow Mountain Fritillary.

Perennial herb, 25-40 cm tall. The bulb is conical, 1.5~2 cm in diameter, with 6~10 scale leaves.

The stem is green-brown. The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite, sessile, slightly hugging the stem at the base, green-brown or purple-brown: the leaves are oval, about 4 cm long and 5-20 mm wide. The apex is not curled, the upper leaves are narrow, and the terminal leaves are lanceolate. The flowers are solitary on the top of the stem; the perianth is oval, 3 to 4 cm long, yellow-green, with dark parallel veins and purple-brown punctuation. There is a gland hole 6 mm long and 2 mm wide at the center of the base; Stamens 6, filaments glabrous.

The capsule is 16 mm long. The seeds are oval, winged, about 2~3 mm in size; the flowering period is May.

The fruiting period is July. Born in alpine areas.

Distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, *** and other places. The main products of medicinal Fritillaria fritillary are three types: pine shell, green shell and furnace shell.

The original plants of pine clams and green clams are Fritillaria fritillaris and Fritillaria fritillaris; the original plants of Fritillaria fritillaris are Fritillaria fritillaris. ① The dried bulbs of pine oysters are conical in shape as a whole, with a pointed or slightly pointed top, 4 to 12 mm in diameter, and the smallest particles are called pearl oysters.

The surface is white to light yellow, with two scale leaves on the periphery, one large, slightly horseshoe-shaped, and one small, slightly lanceolate, relatively clasped together, with several small scales inside. In the center of the bottom, there is a small and hard bulb disk, with a few fibrous root marks remaining under it.

Regardless of the size of the particles, they can all stand upright without cracking at the top. It is hard and brittle, rich in powder, white in cross section and granular in shape.

The gas is weak and the taste is slightly bitter. It is better to have solid quality, uniform and neat particles, no cracking at the top, white color and sufficient powderiness.

Mainly produced in Sichuan (Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture), it is the best product among Sichuan clams. ② Dried green clam bulbs are oblate spherical or slightly conical in shape, with many distorted particles, 5 to 10 mm high and 1 to 1.6 cm in diameter.

The outer color is white and slightly yellow, the top is cracked, flat or slightly pointed, the outer two scales are almost equal in size, and fibrous roots often remain in the tomb. The broken flour is white, granular, rich in powder and solid.

No gas and bland taste.

It is better to have small, uniform grains, white color and sufficient powderiness.

Mainly produced at the junction of Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan, the quality is also excellent. ③The dried bulbs of the furnace shell are long conical shaped like horse teeth, with a pointed top, 1 to 2 cm high, and about 1 to 1.5 cm in diameter.

The appearance is white or yellow-white with dark yellow spots, forming tiger stripes, and is commonly known as tiger shell. The outer 2 scale leaves are equal in size, split at the top, and pointed or rounded at the base.

The cross-sections are all pinkish-white, powdery and firm. The smell is weak and the taste is light.

The ones with solid quality and white color are better. Mainly produced in Sichuan (Chamdo) and Yunnan (Deqin, Dali), the quality is inferior to pine shell and green shell.

In addition, there are the following types, which are also used as Fritillaria fritillaris: ① Min Fritillary, which is the dried bulb of Fritillaria gansuensis. Bulb conical.

The leaves are opposite in the lower part, lanceolate to linear, 5~9 cm long, 5~10 mm wide, with blunt apex; the upper leaves are alternate, opposite, or 3-leaf whorled, many Linear, not curved at the tip. The flowers are bell-shaped and drooping. The tepals are 3 to 4.5 cm long, yellow with small lavender spots, and the filaments have ***-shaped protrusions.

Mainly produced in Gansu. The medicinal properties are similar to green clams, but the color is whiter.

② Fritillaria fritillary is the dried bulb of the plant Fritillaria fritillary. The bulbs are round and flat.

The lower leaves are whorled, and the upper leaves are opposite or alternate, linear, 9 to 12 cm long, 2 to 6 mm wide, with a tapered apex in the shape of a tendril. The flowers are solitary in the leaf axils, narrowly bell-shaped, and drooping. The tepals are 2 to 3 cm long, purple-yellow, with many yellow spots.

The medicinal materials are round and flat, 5 to 8 mm high and 1 to 2 cm in diameter. The surface is off-white or slightly brown, and the outer scales are thicker, similar in size, hugging each other, and often cracked at the top.

The cross section is granular, powdery and solid. The gas is slightly sour and tastes bitter.

Mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and other places. ③ Raw shellfish is the dried bulb of the plant Fritillaria fritillary (also known as Fritillaria fritillary).

The bulbs of Ifritaria are oval. The leaves are alternate or opposite, sessile, the lower leaves are broadly lanceolate to elliptical, 4 to 11 cm long and 22 to 30 mm wide. The top leaves are whorled, linear to lanceolate, and the apex is not tendril-shaped.

The flowers are solitary or in bunches of 2 to 6, terminal, bell-shaped, 3 to 4.5 cm long and 2 to 2.5 cm wide. The tepals are yellow or white-green, with inconspicuous spots on the inner surface. Dark spots. The medicinal materials are oblate spherical or quasi-oblate cone-shaped, with extremely irregular size and shape, 1 to 2 cm high and 1.5 to 2.5 cm in diameter.

The surface is yellowish white with dark yellow spots, the top is pointed or flat, cracked or not cracked, the base is flat and concave, the outer scales are thinner and like Fritillaria, and the inner surface is brownish yellow. The texture is light and loose, the fracture surface is granular, and has slight gray matter.

The gas is weak and the taste is slightly bitter or salty. The ones that are firm, powdery, and not salty are better.

Mainly produced in Xinjiang. ④Northern Fritillary, which is the dried bulb of Fritillaria plant.

2. What are the identification methods of Fritillaria

Fritillaria was first recorded in "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" and was listed as a medium-quality product.

It has the effects of clearing away heat and moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. clear? "Compendium of Materia Medica" first clearly separated Zhejiang clam and Sichuan clam.

Sichuan clam is one of the precious medicinal materials, also known as sharp clam. It not only includes high-quality Sichuan clam, but also refers to a variety of pointed-shaped small grains of Fritillaria. Fritillaria: Source: Fritillary Fritillaria Cirrhosa D.Don. F. unibracteata Hsiao et K.C.Hsia. Gansu Fritillary F. przewalskii. Maxim or dried Fritillary fritillary F. delavayi Franch Bulb.

The first three are commonly called "pine shells" or "green shells", and the latter are commonly known as "lu shells". Origin and distribution: 1. Songbei: mainly produced in Songpan, Huangshengguan, Maergai and other places in Aba Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan.

2. Chongsongbei: Mainly produced in Lixian, Xiaojin and Maowen Qiang Autonomous Counties in Sichuan. 3. Green clams: Mainly produced in Yushu, Qinghai, Garze, Sichuan, and Deqin, Yunnan.

4. Minbei: Mainly produced in Minxian County, Gansu and other places. 5. Lubei: Mainly produced in Qinghai, Sichuan and adjacent areas of Yunnan.

Products produced in Yushu, Qinghai and Ganzi, Sichuan are goods from the north; products produced in Jinshajiang, Zhongdian, Lijiang, Yunnan, etc. in the Qamdo area of ??Sichuan are goods from the south. In the past, they were mostly distributed in Kangding (Dajianlu), hence the name "Lubei".

Key points for identification: The identification of Sichuan clams can be summarized into three categories: pine clams (including flush clams and min clams), green clams and furnace clams. Its characteristics are: the two scales of pine shells are very different in size, hugging each other like a crescent, and showing the shape of "holding the moon in one's arms"; both red clams and minshells are like pine shells, but the green shells are not tightly hugged and have cracks; There are "pearl oysters", which are peach-shaped and have two scales that are almost equal.

The shells are shaped like "horse teeth" and are yellow-white or with tiger skin markings. In short, pine scallops and green scallops are sweet and slightly bitter, while scallops are lighter.

Identification of famous classics: ① Liang? "Famous Doctors" says: "... Fritillaria grows in Shanxi, and the roots are picked in October ***. "Erya" says: Fritillaria, Fritillaria.

Guo Puyun: The root is like a small shell, round. And the leaves of Bai Hua are like leek. Lu Ji said: Its leaves are as small as taro, and its seeds are like taro at the root, and they are connected and decomposed in all directions. "

② Tang? Su Gong said: "The leaves are like garlic. When the garlic is ripe in April, it is good to pick it. If it is October, the seedlings will wither and the roots will not be good either.

The best ones come from Runzhou, Jingzhou and Xiangzhou. , also in the states south of the Yangtze River. "③Song Dynasty? Su Song said: "In the current river, there are Jianglingfu, Ying, Shou, Sui, Zheng, Cai, Run and Chuzhou.

Seedlings grow in February, with thin stems and green color. The leaves are also green, like buckwheat leaves. , as the seedlings emerge.

It blooms in July and is green in shape. In August, the roots are petal-like and yellow-white.

This. There are several kinds. Lu Ji's poem says: 蔔, Fritillaria

The leaves are as small as taro seeds, and they are white and connected in all directions. The ones that come out are like this.

Guo Pu's note in "Erya" says that the white flowers and leaves are like leek, and this kind is rare. "④ Ming? "Materia Medica Mengquan" records: "Fritillaria and Jingxiang are abundant, and the seedling stems are green.

The leaves are like barley leaves, and the flowers are like black beans. Collect the roots in near winter, expose them to dryness and use.

p>

It has petals like shellfish, so it is called Fritillaria. Those that are yellow and white are good, and those that are dark and hard should not be used." ⑤ "Ben Cao Cong Xin" of the Qing Dynasty states: "Fritillaria. . The best one is produced in Sichuan. It has a round and flat base and a sweet taste when opened.

Fritillaria truncatula has a hard body and a bitter taste. It is used for treating phlegm and poisoning.

"⑥" Materia Medica Seeking Truth" records: "The big one is Fritillaria fritillaris, which is bitter and cold (such as Zhejiang Fritillaria), and the smaller one is Fritillaria chuanensis, which tastes sweet and slightly cold. Moisturizing is better than clearing, so it must be distinguished.

Those with open valves produced in Sichuan are good, but those with single valves cannot be used as medicine. "⑦ "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: "Baicao Jingyun says: Zhejiang clam comes from Xiangshan, and it is commonly called.

Fritillaria has a rough skin and a bitter taste. It is single and has no petals. The top is round and the center is slanted. For medicinal purposes, the round, white and small ones are better. Yehuanzhai said: Fritillaria from Ningbo Xiangshan also have two petals. It tastes bitter but not sweet, and its top is not pointed, so it is not like the lotus stamens of the Sichuan clam.

The natives picked out one or two of the elephant shells that were similar in shape to the Sichuan clam, and soaked them in water to extract the bitter taste. It is dried and sold as Sichuan clams, but Sichuan clams and elephant clams have different properties; elephant clams are bitter and cold, detoxify and relieve phlegm, and relieve lung qi. Sichuan clams are suitable for those with phlegm caused by wind and fire in the lungs. , it is better to treat wind-fire phlegm and cough than Sichuan clam. ”Quick identification: 1. Sichuan clam: The bulb is conical in shape, with uniform particle size and high height. About 5~8mm, diameter is about 5~8mm, the top is pointed, tight and without cracks.

The surface is white, yellowish and smooth. The two outer scales are very different in size. The large scale is heart-shaped, and the small scales are wrapped in the large scales, leaving only a "crescent" part. It is commonly known as "holding the moon in the arms" or "Guanyin Lotus".

It is solid and powdery in texture, with white and granular texture. The gas is weak and the taste is sweet and slightly bitter.

2. Chongsongbei: shaped like pinebean. However, the particles are large and uneven, and there are cracks where the large scales meet the small scales.

3. Green scallop: The bulb is cone-shaped and slightly like a peach. Height 5~10mm, diameter 6~10mm.

The surface is gray-white; the two outer scales are similar in size, with occasional disparity. The top is cracked, flat or slightly pointed, and fibrous roots often remain at the base of the stem. It is firm in texture, rich in powdery properties, and the broken powder is white and granular.

The smell is slight and the taste is lighter than pine shell. 4. Min shell: similar in shape to pine shell, but whiter in color.

There is another kind of rice oyster, also called pearl oyster, which is similar in shape to pine oyster but smaller (the original plant is Fritillaria fritillaris). It is sold in Hong Kong and is more expensive than pine oyster. 5. Caladium fritillary: The bulb is long cone-shaped with a pointed top, about 1~2cm high and 1~1.5cm in diameter.

The surface is white (the white ones that look like horse teeth are from the North Road, also known as Bailu shellfish); the ones with yellowish-white color and dark yellow spots, forming tiger skin patterns are called tiger skin shells (for the South Road products) or Yellowish white; the two outer scales are equal in size, cracked at the top, and pointed or rounded at the base. The texture is hard and brittle, and the cross-section is white and powdery.

Slightly smelly and slightly bitter.

3. How to make Fritillaria

Ingredients list: 1 pear, Fritillaria fritillary, two teaspoons of rock sugar or honey, appropriate amount of dried cranberries, appropriate amount of wolfberry, cooking steps: how to stew pears with Fritillaria fritillary Illustration 1 Step 1: Peel and hollow out the pears. Stew Fritillary pears. Illustration 2. Step 2: Grind the Fritillaria and add them to the pears. Stew Fritillaria pears. Illustration 3. Step 3. Add dried cranberries and Stew Fritillaria pears. Recipe Illustration 4 Step 4 Add wolfberry and rock sugar to stew pears with Fritillaria Illustration 5 Step 5 Fill up with Fritillaria Fritillaria and stew pears Illustration 6 Step 6 Just like this Stew Fritillaria pears with Recipe Illustration 7 Step 7 Put it in the pot , bring to a boil over high heat, and simmer over medium heat for half an hour. Illustration of how to make Sichuan Fritillary Stewed Pears. Step 8. It’s done! Tips: I added dried cranberries myself. I have been suffering from inflammation recently, and cranberries are especially good for girls.