Have you ever eaten green onions? For those of you who have eaten Shandong green onions, do you know how green onions are grown? Below is the Shandong green onion planting technology that I have carefully compiled for you. Let’s take a look.
Shandong green onion planting technology
1. The soil should be cultivated in time. Green onions need to grow quickly, and they need to cultivate the soil many times in time to make the green onions grow fast and strong. The soil can be cultivated in 4 to 5 times, and the height of the soil should be cultivated at the center of the onion so that it cannot be buried. Too shallow soil is not conducive to the rapid growth of the white body of onion stems. Too much soil can cause heart rot, resulting in reduced yield or yellowing of leaves.
2. Fertilizer and watering should be timely. After the beginning of autumn, when the plant growth accelerates, topdress with "foliar fertilizer". Apply 1,500 to 2,000 kilograms of decomposed farmyard manure and 20 to 25 kilograms of superphosphate per acre, and spray vegetable stem-strengthening spirit to improve nutrient delivery and promote leaf growth. growth. After the white dew, the green onions enter the peak growth period, which is a critical period for the formation of green onion yields. Topdressing and fertilization should be combined with watering and fertilization twice. Apply 15 to 20 kilograms of urea and 10 to 15 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu. Spread Spray Diguo Zhuangpedi Ling between the rows to thicken the nutrient transport tubes of the underground fruits, improve the expansion vitality of the underground fruits, make the fruit surface smooth, have a strong fruit shape, and achieve high quality and high yield. . After shallow cultivating, watering is usually done 2 to 3 times. The principle of watering is that the soil on the ridge is dry and the soil in the ditch is moist.
3. Timely prevention and control of pests and diseases. After the beginning of autumn, green onion pests and diseases mainly focus on preventing the bacterial propagation of Diamondback exigua.
How to grow green onions
1. Growth environment of green onions
1. Temperature: Green onions originate from semi-cold areas. They prefer cold to cold and do not like hot. Under the climate, the yield is high and the quality is good. Onions have strong cold tolerance and can tolerate low temperatures of -20°C under naked conditions, and seedlings can survive the winter safely at -10°C. Seedlings and seeds can tolerate low temperatures of -30---40℃ when covered with snow and protective materials. Onions do not like heat and can withstand temperatures up to 45°C.
Seeds can germinate at 2 to 5°C. In the temperature range of 7 to 20°C, the higher the temperature, the faster the germination will occur. However, there is no effect when the temperature exceeds 20°C. From germination to the emergence of cotyledons, an accumulated temperature of above 7℃ is required and around 140℃ is required. The suitable temperature for the growth of onions is 7-35°C. Within the temperature range of 13-25°C, the stems and leaves grow vigorously. At 10-20°C, the white onions grow vigorously. When the temperature exceeds 25°C, the growth is slow, resulting in white and green leaves. The quality is poor.
Green onions are plants whose green bodies have passed the vernalization stage. Plants with more than 3 leaves can pass the vernalization stage in 7-10 days at a temperature below 7℃.
2. Light: Green onions do not have high requirements for light intensity, and have neutral requirements for the length of sunshine. As long as they undergo vernalization under the action of low temperature, they can bolt and bloom normally regardless of the length of sunshine.
3. Water: The leaves of green onions are tubular, waxy, and drought-resistant. They can reduce water evaporation and resist drought. There is a saying among the masses that "onions survive drought." Put green onions with more than 5 true leaves in the sun for 10 days. Although the roots will dry and the leaves will shrink, it will not endanger life.
However, the roots of green onions in production have no root hairs and have poor water absorption capacity. Water supply must be met in each growth period to grow strong, white and thick, and have high yields.
4. Soil nutrition: Green onions do not have strict soil requirements, but they have a small root mass, no root hairs, and poor fertilizer absorption ability. If you want to achieve high yield, you must choose ① loose soil; ② deep soil layer; ⑨ Fertile soil; ④ good drainage; ⑤ soil rich in organic matter.
Green onions’ requirements for pH: a pH value of 7--7.4 is preferred, less than 6 and greater than 8.5, which inhibits seed germination and plant growth.
Green onions are most sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer in the soil. When the hydrolyzed nitrogen in the soil is less than 60mg (mg)/liter, the application of nitrogen fertilizer will have good effects; the soil hydrolyzed nitrogen in high-yield fields should reach 80--100 mg/L, potassium must be applied.
For every 1,000kg of green onions produced, 2.7kg of pure N, 0.5kg of P, and 3.3kg of K are required.
2. Green onion fertilization technology
1. Planting
After the planting site is selected, sufficient base fertilizer must be applied. The fertilization method depends on the use of fertilizer. When the quantity is large, it can be spread across the entire field; when it is small, it should be applied at the bottom of the planting trench, mainly with decomposed or semi-decomposed organic fertilizer. Generally, 5000 to 8000kg of good quality decomposed manure should be applied to every 667 square meters of vegetable fields. For soil with low phosphorus, apply 25kg of superphosphate, 150kg of plant ash or 8 to 10kg of potassium sulfate per 667 square meters.
2. After planting
After planting, the green onion seedlings grow slowly. After the rainy season, the weather gradually turns cooler and the green onion plants enter a period of vigorous growth. The old leaves gradually wither and turn yellow, and the new leaves gradually turn yellow. Keeps happening. With good nutritional status and dark conditions, the growth of multiple leaves and leaf sheaths can be promoted. Topdress immediately after the beginning of autumn, and master the combination of organic fertilizers and quick-acting chemical fertilizers. For each top dressing, apply 4000kg of soil and miscellaneous fertilizer on the ridge back per 667 square meters, or apply 150kg of cake fertilizer or 3000kg of kang hole soil. Immediately after application, shallow hoeing will be done once and watered once. Apply fertilizer for the second time in about 15 days, pour 750kg of human excrement, or spread 100kg of plant ash, 30kg of ammonium humate, and 30kg of superphosphate. After fertilization, combine deep hoeing to cultivate the soil, and then water. In another 25 to 30 days, the third top dressing is carried out. Apply 15 to 25 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per 667 square meters. After top dressing, water and cultivate the soil. At this time, the green onions will quickly gain weight and become more substantial until harvest. If the soil fertility is high and the base fertilizer is sufficient, the first top dressing is not required. In areas with a short growing season and good soil fertility retention, the third top dressing can be dispensed with.
Key points of green onion planting
1. Seedling cultivation and planting time arrangement:
For the first crop, seedlings are cultivated from the end of June to early July, and transplanted in September. It will be on the market from March to April; for the second crop, seedlings will be raised in mid-September, planted in March to April of the next year, and will be on the market from August to early September.
2. Selection of nursery land:
Since the nursery time of the two crops is almost all in the rainy season, the land should be flat, the terrain is slightly higher, and the land can be irrigated in drought and drained in flood. The plot has not been planted with scallions, onions, leeks, garlic and other Liliaceae vegetables for more than 3 years.
3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer:
Since the root system of green onion seedlings is short and shallow in the soil, and has poor ability to absorb soil nutrients, in order to cultivate strong seedlings, it is necessary to apply enough fully decomposed organic fertilizer and A certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The specific method is to apply 5,000 to 6,000 kilograms of decomposed and finely decomposed manure (except chicken, duck, sheep dung and human excrement) per acre before plowing the land, and make a good border. Before sowing, apply 25 kg of sulfuric acid three-element compound fertilizer.
4. Raking intensively and making furrows:
In order to prevent underground pests from damaging the seedlings, poisonous bait should be spread again after the organic fertilizer is spread. That is, use 5 kilograms of wheat per acre to stir-fry until yellow, then mix it with 250 ml of phoxim dilute solution, cover it tightly for 3 hours, then spread it on the ground, and turn it into the soil along with the organic fertilizer, which can kill a variety of underground pests at one time. The plowed land must be fully harrowed, harrowed and leveled. Before making the border, make a furrow for watering on one side of the ground, and then make the border. The net width of the border is 1~1.2 meters, the width of the border is 20~23 cm, and the height is 8~10 cm (tread firmly).
After the border is completed, first spread 25 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer (containing 15 N, P, and K each) per acre in the border, hoe thoroughly and level it, and then sow it in the hands.
There are two sowing methods: 3 to 4 kilograms of seed per acre. You can choose either one.
5. Sow seeds:
Spread the seeds evenly on the flat border. After spreading, use a rake to carefully mix the seeds with the soil. Bury shallowly into the soil and water.
Covering seeds: After leveling the border, use a flat shovel to remove 1 cm thick fine wet soil from the border surface, and level the border surface again.
6. Watering:
Stop watering when the water in the border reaches 6~7 cm deep. Sow seeds after the open water on the border dries up. After sowing, cover with fine soil to a thickness of about 1 cm.
The seedlings sown under cover have deep roots, many roots, many seedlings, drought tolerance, and strong seedlings. If the seedlings can be raised in the shade to prevent storms, the effect will be better. After sowing, the herbicide can be sprayed while the soil is still wet during manual operations.
7. Seedling stage management:
From all seedlings to the 5-leaf stage, thinning is performed 1 or 2 times. The distance between seedlings is 1~1.5 cm. In conjunction with thinning, pull out weeds that have not been killed by herbicides. Control watering and do not water until there is a drought to reduce the incidence rate and the occurrence of yellowing seedlings. If the seedlings grow thin and weak, appropriate top dressing can be combined with watering. Apply 7.5 kg to 10 kg of urea per acre with water, once every 20 days, and twice in a row. If you encounter continuous rainy weather during the growth period, you should pay attention to preventing and controlling downy mildew and white blight to ensure strong seedlings.
8. Timely planting:
Summer sown green onions should be planted in early to mid-September, and autumn sown green onions should be planted in March to April of the following year. The spacing between rows is 80 cm, the spacing between plants is 1.5~2 cm, and trenches are planted (rowing onions). Before planting, green onion seedlings must be strictly graded and then treated with chemicals to eliminate root maggots (plant fly larvae) and ensure full seedlings. The specific method is to immerse the roots of the green onion seedlings in a 4000-fold diluted 1.8 Aifudin solution, or a 800- to 1000-fold diluted phoxim solution, or a 3000-fold diluted cypermethrin solution for 2 to 3 minutes. The planting trench should not be too deep or too shallow. If it is too deep, the dead soil layer will be unfavorable for root growth; if it is too shallow, it will be more difficult to cultivate the soil later.
After the planting ditch is opened, the newly turned soil should be slightly suppressed to prevent future landslides from overwhelming the onion seedlings. After the onion seedlings are arranged in the ditch, an appropriate amount of root fertilizer should be applied. The best root fertilizer is decomposed manure. Mix 5,000 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer per mu and 25 kilograms of three-element compound fertilizer before applying. Combined with digging a ditch, cover the root fertilizer with a layer of fine moist soil. The thickness should be enough to ensure that root fertilizer and soil do not bury the center (growing point) of the onion, and it will end with a little suppression. It is strictly forbidden to water newly planted onion seedlings to prevent root retting and cause a large number of dead seedlings.
Field management After green onions are planted, it is the period when the temperature is most suitable for green onions to grow. Fertilizer and water management is an important link for high yield and high quality. If sufficient root fertilizer is applied as required, there will be no fertilizer shortage before the middle stage of growth. As long as the soil moisture is appropriate, rapid and robust growth can be ensured. It is appropriate to keep the soil temperature at about 70% of the saturated water holding capacity. Water during drought, and timely cultivating and loosening the soil after watering to preserve moisture and increase soil permeability, promote root development, and improve the ability to absorb water and fertilizer.
The length of green onion is determined by the amount of soil. Generally, off-season green onions need to be cultivated 3 to 4 times to ensure that the white length of the green onions reaches 70 to 80 centimeters. The thickness of the soil each time should not bury the heart of the green onion as the standard. For off-season green onions cultivated over the winter, a thick layer of soil should be cultivated before the ground freezes to minimize the amount of leaf dryness, accumulate nutrients, and ensure early growth after winter. As the growth rate accelerates and the number of leaves increases, the plant's demand for soil nutrients increases sharply. To ensure high yield, timely top dressing is necessary. Top dressing can be combined with watering. Apply 15 to 20 kilograms of urea per acre each time. Spread the fertilizer along the ditch, and hoe and bury the fertilizer shallowly after application to prevent the fertilizer from being concentrated in the water head during watering, so as to achieve the purpose of balanced fertilization. It is best to add a certain amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which will have a significant effect on increasing the yield and improving the quality of green onions.