Traditionally, for diabetics, rice is not enough, fruit is not enough, and desserts are basically off-limits. So what exactly can they eat? What foods should be avoided? Nutrition experts for diabetics opened the "three should not" healthy recipes.
Diabetic patients "three" healthy recipes:
Grains and cereals, such as oat noodles, buckwheat noodles, oat noodles, cornmeal and other staples rich in vitamin B, a variety of micronutrients and dietary fiber, long-term consumption of glucose, blood lipids;
Peas and legumes, beans and legume products, legume foods are rich in protein, inorganic salts and vitamins, and soybean oil containing unsaturated fatty acids, can be used to reduce serum cholesterol and glycerol. Reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides;
Bitter melon, onions, mushrooms, grapefruit, pumpkin can reduce blood sugar, is the most ideal food for diabetics, if you can take some propolis for a long time, it will be better to lower blood sugar and prevent complications.
Diabetic patients should be alert to the daily diet of the "three inappropriate" recipes:
It is not advisable to eat a variety of sugar, candied fruits, canned fruits, soda, juice, jam, ice cream, sweet cookies, sweet breads and sugary pastries, etc., because these foods are very high in sugar, easy to consume hyperglycemia;
It is not advisable to eat high cholesterol-containing foods and animal fats, such as animal brain, liver, heart, lungs, waist, egg yolks, blood sugar and other foods that are not suitable for diabetic patients, but are suitable for diabetic patients.
It is not advisable to eat food containing high cholesterol and animal fats, such as animal brain, liver, heart, lung, waist, egg yolk, fat meat, butter, pork, beef and sheep oil, etc. These foods are easy to raise blood fat and prone to atherosclerosis;
It is not advisable to drink alcohol, which can make blood sugar fluctuate, and serious hypoglycemia can occur when drinking a large amount of alcohol in an empty stomach, and drunkenness can often cover up the manifestation of hypoglycemia, which cannot be easily detected, and it is very dangerous.
In addition, diabetic patients [2] sweets can not be dipped, you can take long-term propolis, because propolis does not contain sugar, just a little fishy astringent flavor.
[edit]Hypertensive diabetes weekly recipes
Sunday Breakfast: 100 grams of wheat germ porridge, a piece of whole wheat bread, 50 grams of soybeans, 50 grams of flax meal, apples (high blood pressure), tomatoes, a (diabetes)
Lunch: 100 grams of rice, 50 grams of soybeans, 2 kinds of lettuce: ①, cold three shredded ②, the Thousand Islands of cucumber; 2 kinds of cooked vegetables: ①, pumpkin in milk sauce ②, tofu balls, nori soup.
Monday Breakfast: red bean and brown rice porridge 100 grams, a whole wheat bread, 50 grams of white kidney beans, 50 grams of flax meal, bananas (high blood pressure), a cucumber (diabetes)
Lunch: red bean and brown rice 100 grams, 2 kinds of lettuce: ①, green skin three shredded ②, pickled mustard cabbage; cooked vegetables 2 kinds of; ①, fried celery with soybean skins ②, celery lily, a bowl of loofah soup
Tuesday Breakfast: pumpkin porridge 100 grams, a Jewish bread, 50 grams of five-spiced flower cashew beans, 50 grams of flax meal, kiwi (high blood pressure), a raw carrot (diabetes)
Lunch: broad beans and red rice 100 grams of lettuce: ①, assorted gazpacho ②, celery and bean sprouts; 2 kinds of cooked vegetables: ①, colorful bean curd, ②, pumpkin mixed, lotus root jujube long life soup.
Wednesday Breakfast: 100 grams of Eight Treasure Porridge, one whole wheat pastry, 50 grams of red beans, 50 grams of flax meal, spiced pears (high blood pressure), one tomato (diabetes)
Lunch: 100 grams of bowl of beans and brown rice, two kinds of lettuce: ①, alabaster leeks ②, cilantro and tofu; two kinds of cooked vegetables: ①, tricolor pumpkin, ②, mashed potatoes, and a bowl of hot and sour soup.
Thursday Breakfast: 100g of sweet potato porridge, one comprehensive bread, 50g of soybeans, 50g of flax meal, grapes (high blood pressure), one cucumber (diabetes)
Lunch: one sesame taro cake, 2 kinds of lettuce: ①, cilantro mixed with cucumber ②, cold onion; 3 kinds of cooked vegetables: ①, Mexican beans, ②, stir-fried cabbage with fungus ③, fried pancakes, and a bowl of osmanthus soup.
Friday Breakfast: 100 grams of wheat porridge, one whole-wheat noodle bun, 50 grams of mung beans, 50 grams of flax meal, mango (high blood pressure), one raw carrot (diabetes)
Lunch: 150 grams of whole-wheat noodle pasta, veggie foursome (mixed with veggie foursome with whole-wheat noodle pasta)
Saturday Breakfast: 100 grams of pumpkin porridge, one kosher bread, 50 grams of white kidney beans , flax meal 50 grams, watermelon (high blood pressure), a tomato (diabetes)
Lunch: pineapple rice 200 ml, eight treasures soup
Daily dinner: you can eat less rice and fruits and vegetables, or do not eat only drink flax water, etc..
[edit]Calculation method
(1) Calculation of standard weight:
Standard weight (kg) = height (cm) - 105
20% above standard weight is obese; 20% below standard weight is emaciated.
(2) Estimation of calories per kg of body weight (kcal/kg) according to the intensity of physical labor and body type:
Heavy physical labor: normal weight 40; body type wasting 40-60; body type obesity 35
Medium physical labor: normal weight 35; body type wasting 40; body type obesity 30
Light physical labor: normal weight 30; body type wasting 35; body type obesity 30
Light physical labor: normal weight 30; body type wasting 35; body type obesity 30 30; wasting 35; obese 20~25
Bed rest: normal weight 15~20; wasting 20~25; obese 15
(3) Specific calculations
Total calories (kcal) = standard body weight (kg) × calories to be supplied per kg of body weight (kcal/kg)
Protein (g) = Standard body weight (kg) × quantity to be supplied per kg of body weight 1.2 (g/kg)
Fat (g) = Standard body weight (kg) × quantity to be supplied per kg of body weight 1 (g/kg)
Carbohydrates (g) = Total calories (kcal) - [Protein (g) × 4 + Fat (g) × 9] ÷ 4
The above criteria do not take into account the individual differences in endocrinology of individual patients. So it should be adjusted according to the actual situation of each patient.
[edit]High-carbohydrate diet
In the late 1980s, the results of a survey led by Professor Hales of Cambridge University were important in re-conceptualizing the value of behavioral research: the incidence of type II diabetes increased rapidly in Asians after Western lifestyle, while the incidence in Europeans did not change significantly. This suggests that dietary changes have contributed to the outbreak of type II diabetes. Diabetes was not caused by eating more grains, but by eating less grains. Many surveys and trials have since confirmed that high carbohydrate diets are better for patient health. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) is advocating for high carbohydrate foods. Patients are required to have 55-60% carbohydrates in their food. Dr. Ying Wang of Tianjin Medical University paid attention to the grain protection curve discovered by Wentao Nie and proposed the Diabetes Behavioral Medicine Technical Guidelines to further clarify the claims of grain protection. These research advances will inevitably lead to fundamental changes in dietary guidance for patients.
[edit]Medicinal foods that diabetics can eat
Kuo's holistic naturopathy has found in practice that there are some things that are both medicines and foods that work well for diabetes. Here are a couple of examples, to throw a wrench in the works.
For example: pumpkin, wolfberry, yam, cornelian cherry, gravy, barley, and so on. There are also bitter gourd, bitter vegetables, bitter tea, turn over the hundred grass, and so on. Note that the bitter cold products can not be eaten at random, only the mouth on fire, there is a fire in the heart when you can eat a few days, the fire canceled don't eat. The bitter cold products will be counterproductive to eat for a long time.
[edit]Diabetic dietary precautions during meals
①Chew and swallow slowly: do not pick up the bowl of soup to drink, both uncivilized and ungainly, with a small spoon a spoon drink. eat bite by bite, do not swallow;
② eat at the table, do not walk around with a bowl of food;
③ concentrate on eating, do not eat while working;
④ concentrate on eating, do not eat while watching TV;
⑤ rice should be served at one time, do not serve a little bit of rice;
⑥ eat the bowl of rice and put down the chopsticks immediately
6) put down the chopsticks immediately after eating the bowl of rice, leave the table, do not get into the habit of eating off the table;
7) do not clean up the leftovers;
8) brush your teeth immediately.
[edit]Diabetes dietary principles
Eat vegetables with leaves, stems and vegetables, eat less roots, tubers;
Not to eat fried food or too oily food;
Don't thicken the gravy, starch is high;
Don't eat high starch food, such as eating to exchange staple food;
Good glycemic control of the middle of the two meals to eat fruit but do not drink fruit juice;
Drink soup to remove the oil on it;
Eat shredded meat is better than eating sliced meat, pork chops, braised meat;
Eat spiny fish is better than eating fish pieces because it can slow down the speed of meals and increase satiety;
Eat meat with bones is better than eating pierogi, which can satisfy the requirements of appetite, and the amount of meat eaten is not too big;
Eat chicken to remove the chicken skin and fat.
[edit]Notes on dining out for diabetics
What about diabetic friends who like to dine out? Here are suggestions on how to make restaurant meals adaptable to diabetic nutritional health.
(1) Limit portion sizes
Many restaurants have certain dietary specialties - but diabetes nutrition is based on moderation, so if the restaurant serves three meals in different sizes, choose the smallest portion or reorder it. Sometimes you can order a children's meal for dinner, share your own food or pack it with a dining companion, or even ask the waiter to pack half of it before serving.
(2) Food substitutions
Don't use a burger, fries, or the like as the main course of a meal; instead, opt for a platter of diabetes-friendly vegetables or fruits. Also, replace regular high-fat foods with fat-free or low-fat foods.
Be aware that additional condiments, such as savory meat sauces and jams, as well as potato chips, can upset the balance of diabetes nutrition, as they can quickly increase the calorie and carbohydrate content of a meal.
(3) Talk to the chef
Food preparation is sometimes negotiable, such as asking for steamed rather than fried, or suggesting that the chef use low cholesterol eggs, whole grain bread or skinless chicken. Or ask for small portions of patties, pasta and lots of vegetables. If consuming a low-salt diet plan, you can also ask for no salt to be added to the food.
If you want your body to be healthy, stick to the diet plan you have set up and don't change or switch it around.
(4) What to drink
Carbonated drinks are high in calories. Surprisingly, ice cream contains even more calories and saturated fat, so you should cut down on carbonated drinks and replace them with mineral water or light tea.
Also, alcohol consumption should be careful: if your diabetes is under control and your doctor agrees, you can occasionally drink small amounts of alcohol, but only after eating food. This is because alcohol increases fasting calorie consumption, which tends to cause a hypoglycemic response, and because excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of diabetic complications, such as damage to the nervous system and the fundus. Therefore, diabetics should be aware that if they drink alcohol, they should always choose beer or wine that contains less alcohol.
(5) Eat regular meals
Eating regular meals every day can help keep blood sugar levels under control - especially if you take diabetes medications or insulin. If you're meeting with others, try to time your meals to coincide with your usual meal times and avoid long waits or busy restaurants. If you can't eat at the scheduled time, eat some fruit or starchy foods.
(6) Stock up on desserts
Desserts become indispensable when one has diabetes. Desserts contain carbohydrates that should be counted in the recipe. Diabetics who like desserts can compensate by reducing the amount of other carbohydrates - such as bread, rice porridge or potatoes - at mealtimes.
(7) Remember the rules
Whether you're eating at home or away from home, it's important to remember the rules of diabetes nutrition. Try to eat a variety of healthy foods and avoid unhealthy foods. Limit your fat and salt intake and make some appropriate adjustments to your food. In addition, you can work out your own eating plan with your doctor or dietitian*** and have fun with it.
[edit]Comparison of Sugar Content of Various Fruits
Sugar Content of Common Fruits and Vegetables: Cucumber (1.5%), Pomegranate (1.68%), Tomato (2.1%), Watermelon (4.2%), Strawberry (5.9%), Melon (6.2%), Cherry (7.9%), Lemon (8.5%), Fresh Grape (8.2%), Plum (8.8%) , pears (9.0%), pineapple (9.3%), peaches (10.7%), fresh persimmons (10.8%), apricots (11.3%)
Expert Answer:
Sugar content of common fruits and vegetables: cucumber (1.5%), pomegranate (1.68%), tomato (2.1%), watermelon (4.2%), strawberries (5.9%), melon (6.2%), Cherry (7.9%), Lemon (8.5%), Fresh Grape (8.2%), Plum (8.8%), Pear (9.0%), Pineapple (9.3%), Peach (10.7%), Fresh Persimmon (10.8%), Apricot (11.3%), Orange (12.2%), Apple (12.3%), Sugar Cane (12.4%), Tangerine (12.8%), Banana (19.5%) , fresh hawthorn (22.1%), begonias (22.4%), fresh dates (23.2%).
Diabetes diet therapy misunderstandings
Diet therapy that is starvation therapy reasonable diet therapy can reduce the burden on the pancreatic islet B cells, so that the pancreatic islet tissues get a chance to recover, which is conducive to the control of blood glucose. Mild diabetic patients often only need diet therapy to effectively control blood sugar. Diet therapy is to control the amount of food and drink according to the individual, and to maintain a reasonable diet structure for a long time, but never mandatory measures such as starvation or forbidden food. Otherwise, the quality of life will be reduced and confidence in life will be lost, which is not conducive to blood glucose control. Therefore, the use of "dietary control" should be avoided, because it is easy for patients to misunderstand that dietary therapy is to strictly limit food intake, or even mistakenly believe that the dietary control of diabetes is to eat as little as possible, the better.
Crude grains contain less sugar, eat more won't hurt as the four staple food flour, rice, millet and corn, its sugar content is very close to 74% to 76%. Because millet and corn are rich in dietary fiber, thus slowing down the body's absorption of glucose, therefore, intake of the same amount of coarse grains and fine grains, the degree of postprandial conversion into blood sugar is different. If you eat 100 grams of corn, 80% of its carbohydrates into blood sugar. While consuming the same amount of flour, 90% into blood sugar, which is the so-called "glycemic index". In addition, roughly processed flour is low in sugar (about 60%), and its glycemic index is also low. Currently, many of the "diabetic foods" on the market are made from this type of flour.
For these reasons, people with high blood sugar may want to replace fine grains with coarse grains. Often, the choice is between coarse and fine grains. However, both coarse and fine grains should be prescribed according to the diabetic diet.
Fruit sweet, can't eat a lot of patients mention fruit such as talk about tiger and color change, since the disease dare not ask. In fact, some of the sugar content of fruit is relatively low, such as apples, pears containing 10% to 14% sugar, bananas containing 20% sugar, watermelon containing 4% sugar o fruit can eat, but in moderation. For patients with postprandial blood glucose less than 10 mmol/L, 1 apple or pear can be eaten daily, but it should be eaten between meals, and the calories from the fruit should be counted in the total calories (Table 13).
Sweet foods are always rejected in the mouth in fact, there are many sweet substances in nature. Saccharin is a substance that is sweet but not absorbed. In addition, such as stevia, arabinose, xylitol, fructose, as well as aspartame can be used as a sweetener for diabetes. Xylitol is used as an additive in "sugar-free moon cakes" and "sugar-free yogurt" sold on the market. These sweeteners can increase the sweetness of the food, but do not increase the calories of the food. However, the flour and other ingredients in these foods can still be converted into glucose, which should be considered when consuming them, and should not be confused by the word "sugar-free". In addition, aspartame, also known as proteoglycan, is condensed from two amino acids, can not be heated. Xylitol has a laxative effect.
Side dishes containing less sugar, you can eat more meat, eggs, fish, although not high in sugar, but rich in protein and fat, in the body can be converted into glucose, this process is particularly active in the body of diabetic patients, and therefore more food will also raise blood sugar, just much more sluggish than the main food. In view of such characteristics, it is recommended to eat an egg for breakfast and drink a bag of milk before going to bed, which is beneficial for balancing the blood sugar between day and night Nuts (such as peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds, etc.) do not contain sugar, so, it has become a pastime food for many patients. However, they are high in fat and calories, and 100 grams of this type of food can produce calories equivalent to those produced by 200 grams of staple food. Eating this type of high-calorie diet will lead to fat reserves, weight gain, and will be converted to glucose, therefore, should limit the intake of nut foods. If you eat 20 peanuts a day, you don't need to put oil in your stir-fry.
Like to drink thin rice cooked, boiled food, as well as food containing more water is easy to be digested and absorbed, the rate of increase in blood sugar is also fast. Such as eating diluted rice after blood glucose rises fast, and rice or tortillas digested slowly, its carbohydrates to release glucose is also slow, so, the rate of blood glucose rise is also slow. It is an exaggeration to suggest that drinking diluted rice is like drinking sugar water. However, it is true that drinking diluted rice, especially thick diluted rice that has been cooked for a long time, does cause blood sugar to rise faster than after eating dry rice. So diabetics with poor blood sugar control should change their habit of drinking thin rice.
Eat more soy products Eating soy products (soy juice, tofu, etc.) in moderation is really good for your health. The fact that soy products do not contain sugar does not mean that it will not be converted into sugar, it is just that the conversion is slower (it takes about 3 hours), and it will eventually be converted into glucose as well, leading to an increase in blood glucose. Especially for the elderly and the longer course of the disease, if you do not pay attention, a large number of excessive consumption of plant protein, will cause excessive nitrogenous wastes in the body, aggravate the burden on the kidneys, so that the renal function is further reduced. The best thing is to try to take fish, poultry and other white meats as a mainstay for those who have proteinuria.
Diabetes diet is still quite colorful. As long as you learn more and keep exploring, you can develop a set of diabetic recipes that are both tasty and appropriate.
[edit]Diabetes Diet Ten Rules
①Control the total daily intake of calories, to achieve or maintain an ideal body weight;
②Balanced diet;
③ Diversified food choices, cereals are the basis;
④Limit fat intake;
⑤ Moderate selection of high-quality proteins;
⑥Reducing or avoid monosaccharides and double-tangible foods;
⑦ high dietary fiber diet;
⑧ reduce salt intake;
⑨ adhere to a small number of meals, regular, quantitative, fixed meals;
⑩ drink more water, limit the consumption of alcohol.