First, the classification, naming and numbering of domestic natural stone:

1. Classification:

Natural stone can be divided into granite, marble, limestone, slate, sandstone according to commercial use.

2. Naming:

※ The Chinese name is based on the name of origin, pattern hue, stone type and other characteristics.

※ English name using customary law or foreign trade names.

3. No. principle:

※ The first part: composed of one English letter, for the stone type code. ----- "S"

※ The second part: composed of two digits, representing the domestic stone production province, autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Administrative Code.

※ The third part: composed of two digits or letters of the alphabet, the provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government origin of the stone varieties belonging to the serial number, by the number 0-9 and the letters A-F.

Such as: Xinjiang Red G6521 Mongolia Black G1509 Sesame Black G1362

Fangshan White Jade M1101 Hubei Brown M4233 Guangdong Brown M4401

Black Limestone L4113

Rosewood Sandstone Q3750 Red Sandstone Q3795 Yellow Wood Sandstone Q5191

Linzhou Silver Crystal Plate S 4103 Taojiang Gray S4301 Green Slate S5199

Second, granite (granite):

1. Performance characteristics:

The texture is hard and dense, high strength, weathering resistance, corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, low water absorption, and beautiful color can be preserved for more than a hundred years, it is a good material for construction, but it is not heat resistant.

2. Stone mining and processing:

※ Arable mining: cover stripping - separation - top turning - disintegration of the split - shaping - hoisting Loading - clear ballast

※ Stone processing

☆ Sawing Processing: is to use the sawing machine to saw the granite barren material into rough slabs, strips, blocks and other shapes of semi-finished products.

☆ Grinding and Polishing: The process starts with rough grinding and leveling, and then gradually goes through semi-fine grinding, fine grinding, fine grinding and polishing.

☆ Cutting process: The cutting process is to use the cutting machine to cut the rough or polished plate according to the required specifications for the shaped cutting process.

☆ Chiseling: By wedging, chiseling, chopping, trimming, sanding and other methods of the embryo processed into the required products, the surface can be pineapple, longan, lychee, natural, mushroom, brushed surface and so on.

☆ Burning processing: Burning the surface with flame to form an undulating and orderly rough surface pattern, i.e. burning surface.

☆ Auxiliary processing: the stone has been cut and polished according to the need for grinding, chamfering, opening holes, drilling, milling slots.

☆ Inspection and repair: First of all, through the cleaning, followed by blow-drying inspection, qualified products are packed into the warehouse.

3. Board specifications:

60 head: refers to the width of 60 centimeters, the length can be longer or shorter according to the need (generally in the 2 meters or so) There are also 70 head, 80 head, 90 head, 1 meter head, etc. In the landscaping 60 head, the length can be shorter or longer than 2 meters. In the garden landscape 60 head is used relatively more, in terms of the price of barren material, the larger the volume of barren material unit price is higher.

In the garden landscape design, in order not to cause a waste of materials, please take full account of the design process in the woolen board specifications, especially pay attention to the specifications of the top material, the specifications of the curved cutting material and so on.

4. Commonly used stone surface treatment in the garden:

Commonly used stone surfaces in the garden landscape are: glossy, brushed, machine cut, burnt, lychee surface, longan surface, pineapple surface, natural surface.

Among them, the brushed surface in the design process must have a large sample drawing, sectional drawing.

In terms of material use, the natural surface requires the thickest, generally more than 40MM can be processed into a natural surface.

5. stone prices: (for reference only)

(for reference only)

6. garden landscape granite use of factors to be considered:

☆ project landscape cost control

Understanding of the investment in construction units (landscape), different types of different types of different types of different types of different types of different types of different types of different types of landscape. aspect), the price of different kinds of stone, different specifications to have knowledge.

☆ Project location granite types

Collect project location commonly used stone information, to reduce the material transportation costs, to facilitate procurement.

☆ Project style

Familiar with the different styles of landscape design commonly used stone types.

☆ Granite color, specification, surface treatment

Skillful use of different colors, specifications, surface stone with.

☆ Granite use parts

Vehicle traffic is generally more than 50MM thick, pedestrian is generally 30MM; fa?ade is generally used 20MM thick, dry hanging at least 30MM thickness; the thickness of the roof according to the overall effect of the fa?ade; the outdoor ground is generally not recommended to use the glossy materials, etc.); and so on.

7. garden landscape commonly used granite pictures:

8. different varieties, specifications of stone combination case:

9. granite paving process:

※ Wet paving: Mainly used on the ground, the interior wall surface and the following three exterior wall surface, wall grout thickness should be controlled between 3-5CM, cement mortar ratio should be used 1.5mm, the thickness of the wall should be controlled by the use of cement mortar, the thickness of the wall should be controlled by the use of cement mortar.

Process: Clean and organize the grass-roots ground → cement mortar leveling → fixed elevation, bouncing line → material selection → plate soaking wet → installation of standard blocks → paving cement mortar → paving stone → grouting → cleaning → maintenance handover.

Advantages: low project cost.

Disadvantages: alkali, white flow and other phenomena.

※ dry hanging: is a construction process of the exterior wall, the process is the use of corrosion-resistant bolts and corrosion-resistant flexible connectors, will be directly hung on the outside surface of the structure of the decorative stone, stone and the structure of the cavity between the 40 ~ 50mm.

Process: Structure deviation measurement (latitude and longitude meter casting and vertical, horizontal hanging line combination) → construction drawings of the second design → placement → connectors welding and keel installation → pendant installation → decorative panels installed

Advantages: not subject to the control of the construction environment, to reduce the number of wet work, to improve the efficiency of work, to reduce the weight of the building, to overcome the impact of cement mortar on the stone.

Disadvantages: high cost.

10. stone disease - alkali:

alkali is the moisture in the stone itself and the combination of materials containing alkali, salt and other substances along the stone pores, plate joints free, after evaporation of the white crystalline material remaining on the surface of the stone.

※ In the design process, the designer should take into account the stone alkali phenomenon. Prevent water intrusion is the basis for solving the phenomenon of alkali, so there is water flow or infiltration of walls, pool walls should be set up waterproof layer (waterproofing paint, waterproofing roll-roofing or in the cement mortar mixed with 5% waterproofing agent, specific should be based on the actual needs of the choice of waterproofing methods.

※ before construction of the stone itself should also do waterproofing (can be coated with waterproofing back coating agent, stone six sides should be coated).

※ If the stone has been alkali phenomenon, you should use the stone alkali cleaning agent to clean the stone, but this cleaning effect is not particularly ideal.

Third, marble (marble):

1. Performance characteristics:

The distribution of surface stripes is generally more irregular, the hardness is lower than granite, wear resistance is good, not easy to age, its service life is generally in the 50-80 years or so, non-conductive, non-conductive magnetic, field stability.

2. Practical application:

※ Mainly used for indoor bar, cooking table, dining cabinet countertops.

※ Commonly used marble pictures:

Fourth, limestone (limestone):

1. Performance characteristics:

※ Gray, gray, gray, black, yellow, light red, maroon and other colors. Generally not very hard, reacts violently with dilute hydrochloric acid.

※ Lime has excellent properties such as thermal conductivity, solidity, water absorption, impermeability, sound insulation, abrasive, very good cementing properties and processability.

2. Practical application:

※ It is used to produce cement and burnt lime in construction industry; ※ It is used as a flux in metallurgical industry;

※ It is used to make alkali, bleaching powder and fertilizer in chemical industry; ※ It is used as a clarifying agent in food industry;

※ It is used to improve the soil in agriculture; ※ It is used as a filler in plastics industry;

※ It is widely used to make all kinds of architectural coatings in coating industry. It is widely used in the paint industry to make all kinds of architectural coatings; ※ It is used as alkaline material in the paper industry;

※ It is used as the basic filler of rubber in the rubber industry; ※ It is used as adsorbent in the environmental protection industry.

V. Sandstone:

1. Characteristics:

* Sandstone is a sedimentary rock.

※ The main production colors are yellow sandstone, white sandstone, red sandstone.

2. Practical application:

※ It is mainly used for sandstone round sculpture, relief, fresco, carved flower plate, fireplace, column, door and window sets, lines, architectural detail sculpture, garden sculpture and so on.

※ All the products can be colored, painted, polished and gold-plated according to the requirements; and can be technically processed to make the surface of the works show rough, delicate, cracks, natural slits and other real stone effects.

※ Sandstone stone maintenance five "can not":

☆ can not be directly rinsed with water (sandstone absorbs too much water and pollution, inevitably will cause a variety of stone lesions, such as: chipping, weathering, detachment, floating up, spit yellow

☆ Do not contact non-neutral items

☆ Do not arbitrarily on the wax

☆ Do not indiscriminate use of non-neutral cleaners

☆ Do not cover the carpet for a long time, debris

Six, slate (slate):

1. Performance characteristics:

With a plate-like structure, basically no recrystallized stone, is a metamorphic rock. It can be peeled off into flakes along the direction of plate grain.

※ Good splitting performance, good flatness, small color difference, high blackness, high bending strength, low calcium, iron and sulfur content, low burn loss, good acid and alkali resistance, low water absorption, good weather resistance.

※ According to the color, there are mainly black board, gray board, green board, rust board, purple board and so on.

2. Practical application:

※ Mainly used for the floor and wall.

※ High-quality slate are processed into roofing tiles, commonly known as slate tiles.

※ Commonly used slate pictures:

(Graphic content from the network, the copyright belongs to the original author, for the purpose of learning and exchange of use.)

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