Cultivation method of Volvariella volvacea (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: the natural temperature cultivation time in the south is from late May to mid-September in the solar calendar. Suitable for cultivation in June and July in northern China.
The most suitable soil for growth: Volvariella volvacea is a saprophytic fungus, which must absorb nutrients from dead plants and soil. Straw and cottonseed hulls should be used as raw materials for the cultivation of Volvariella volvacea, and the wet grass that has not been dried is easy to rot and should not be used. In addition, waste cotton, bagasse, green thatch and peanut vine can all be used as raw materials for cultivating Volvariella volvacea.
Growth humidity requirements: Volvariella volvacea is a fungus that likes high temperature and high humidity environment. The optimum water content of culture medium is about 70 {BF}, the optimum air humidity of mycelium growth stage is about 80 {BF}, and the relative air humidity of fruiting body growth stage is above 90 {BF}.
Optimum growth temperature: Volvariella volvacea is a thermophilic fungus. The temperature range of mycelium growth is 10-42℃, and the optimum temperature is 28-32℃. 10℃, stop growing. When the temperature is higher than 45℃ and lower than 5℃, the mycelium of Volvariella volvacea will die.
Optimum growth light: the germination of basidiospores and the growth of mycelium of Volvariella volvacea do not need light, but direct sunlight will hinder the growth of mycelium. Light can promote the formation of fruiting bodies. The formation of fruiting body needs some scattered light, and the optimum light intensity is 300-350 lux.
Matters needing attention in Volvariella volvacea cultivation: fertilization:
Studies show that glucose, fructose, sucrose, peptone, asparagine and glutamine are all good carbon and nitrogen sources, and straw, waste cotton and bagasse are the main raw materials for Volvariella volvacea cultivation. The analysis shows that waste cotton is rich in asparagine and glutamine, accounting for 1/3 of the total amino acids. Therefore, waste cotton is an ideal material for cultivating Volvariella volvacea. But the nitrogen content of waste cotton is different, which is 0.25- 1.45 {BF}, while the nitrogen content of Volvariella volvacea culture material is 0.6- 1 {BF}. Supplementing soybean flour can increase yield.
Water supply point:
The growth of Volvariella volvacea needs a lot of water, if the water is insufficient during heap planting or the water is not replenished in time after picking mushrooms; The straw cover is too thin and the water retention is poor, which will lead to the wilting of small mushrooms. After sowing, before the mycelium grows full to form Flammulina velutipes, if the water is not enough, it can be replenished once; After the mushrooms are done, water should be replenished, and the grass should be sprayed with water on sunny days to prevent the water in the material from evaporating.
At the same time, Volvariella volvacea has certain requirements for water temperature, such as spraying well water at about 20℃ or surface water with direct sunlight above 40℃, and all mushrooms will wither and die the next day. Water spraying should be carried out in the morning and evening, and the water temperature is about 30℃.
Breeding point:
Volvariella volvacea mainly reproduces by spores.
Sowing can be done when the feed temperature is reduced to about 35℃. Sowing methods include on-demand, drilling and broadcasting. But in practice, the effect of sowing plus sowing is better. The distance of the seeding holes is about10cm, and the depth is 3-5cm. About 1/5 strains were scattered on the surface of the material and gently patted flat with a wooden board. You can also use sowing, that is, sowing in layers, sowing one layer every 5cm thick, and finally capping with strains. Generally, the culture area of1100m2 needs 300-400 bottles (750ml) of strains.
Pest control:
1, Penicillium.
Prevention and treatment: directly sprinkle carbendazim and lime powder on the affected area. If the condition is serious, dig out the culture material of the affected area, and then sprinkle lime or carbendazim on the edge of the dug area to prevent the spread.
2, mold. It is mainly caused by the excessive humidity of indoor air and the high water content of culture materials.
Prevention and control methods: ventilation is the main prevention. Once it happens, it is necessary to dig out the diseased culture material and then sprinkle lime powder on the dug edge.
3. Pests. Most of them are mites, mushroom mosquitoes and mushroom flies.
Control method: It is best to add a certain concentration of trichlorfon for prevention when stacking. When the material enters the room, it can also be smeared when a large amount of bacteria water is soaked, and then it can be sprayed on the ground and walls instead of the culture material.
Expanding knowledge-people who eat straw mushrooms: suitable for the crowd;
The general population can eat it, which is a good food for diabetics.
Appropriate: stomach diseases, including chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, should be eaten; People with weak constitution, malnutrition and neurasthenia should eat; Cancer patients, especially patients with esophageal cancer, cardiac cancer and gastric cancer, should eat; Patients with cardiovascular diseases should eat it.
Bogey: Hericium erinaceus fills the stomach and is completely unscrupulous.
Disadvantaged people:
Straw mushroom is cold, and it is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach deficiency. In addition, both fresh and dry products should not be soaked for too long.