Dormant branches are thin and take root earlier after cutting; When the dormant branches are thick, they take root late, and it is easy to lose water and wither when encountering adverse weather conditions. However, it is difficult to cultivate strong seedlings by using too thin branches as cuttings, so branches with a diameter of 8 ~10 mm should be selected as cuttings.
Planting method of red-hearted kiwifruit: cutting
Kiwi fruit tree is usually pruned from 1 month to mid-February, and cuttings can be cut with the pruned branches. If the cuttings are collected earlier but later, the protective agent can be coated on the cutting, and then the cuttings can be collected and stored with plastic film, or stored at 5℃ or in a cool place in the open air. No matter which method is used for preservation, it is necessary to prevent cuttings from losing water and drying up. The cutting period should not be later than April. The cutting bed soil should be clean fine sand or sand.
1, cutting treatment: in order to improve the seedling rate, the cutting of red-heart kiwifruit was cut and soaked in 50 times of rooting promoter for 20 hours to fully absorb water and promote rooting. When wooden cases are used as bed inserts, the cuttings can be shorter, and it is appropriate to use 10 cm; The cuttings should be longer, with15 ~ 20 cm, and should be deeply inserted when cutting.
2. Plant pots in time: After the cuttings take root, you can plant pots. Pot soil has good water retention performance, otherwise it will affect the growth of cutting seedlings. At the initial stage of transplanting, the diameter of the pot should be10.5 ~12cm, and it should be transplanted into the big pot in time as the seedlings grow. After the new shoots of cutting seedlings are extended, they need to be supported by pillars as soon as possible.
Planting method of red-hearted kiwifruit: artificial pollination
Kiwifruit with red heart can produce large fruits after artificial pollination. Fruits without seeds will all drop fruit; The more seeds there are, the bigger the fruit is.
Pollen collection: collect the swollen buds before the male bloom; Or collect the flowers after they bloom and before they are prescribed. Then directly sieving the male flowers on an iron net with a mesh of 2-3mm; Or cutting the flowers with medicinal scissors; Or use a medicine picker to collect aldehydes? Then, the anther can be spread thinly on kraft paper, etc., and placed for l day and night at room temperature of 22 ~ 25℃ and humidity of 50%, so that the medicine can be prescribed. After the medicine is prescribed, the pollen is collected with a sieve with a mesh of 80 ~100. When preserving kiwifruit pollen, you can put it into a container such as a tea cone filled with desiccant, and then wrap it with 1 teaspoon of pollen respectively, and then store it in the cold storage, and you can take it out at any time if necessary.
Pollination method: The male bloom is artificially pollinated with cotton swabs within 3 days after flowering. The fertilization ability of male bloom can be maintained within 5 days after flowering, and artificial pollination is reliable when the petals are not browned. Pollen bulking agent can be lycopodium clavatum. Its increment is generally 30 ~ 50 times of pollen capacity. In order to make pollen adhere to more pistils, pollen and Lycopodium can be put into plastic bags and fully vibrated and stirred. The kiwi pollen that has been diluted with the pine nuts must be used on the same day. Pollination equipment can be cotton swabs or feathers. Pollination should be done carefully. When the stigma of female flowers is good, sometimes artificial pollination can be carried out in the rain.
Planting method of red-hearted kiwifruit: building a garden
Kiwifruit is a perennial vine, which has strong growth potential, rapid growth, large leaves and dioecious plants, and enters the fruiting period after 3 years. It has the characteristics of liking light, humidity, slightly acidic soil, strong light, waterlogging and saline-alkaline soil. It is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam with convenient transportation, fertile land and convenient irrigation and drainage, and cultivate it on this fake soil. The root system is developed, the aboveground part grows vigorously, bears many fruits, and has large fruits and good color. Followed by gravel soil and clay. But before planting, it is best to dig out sand (stone) to change soil and mix sand to improve it. The pH value of soil should be between 6.5 and 7.2, and it can be planted in hills, gentle slopes and flat land. Garden construction on sloping land should be built into strip terraces or fish scale pits according to contour lines to preserve water and fertilizer. Kiwifruit is afraid of strong wind, especially the dry and hot wind in summer, which often blows off branches, causing the leaves to scorch and fall off. Therefore, the garden should be built away from the tuyere, and windbreaks should be built in windy areas.
It is best to cultivate the seedlings for their own use, so as to ensure the quality. If you buy seedlings, you must pay attention to identifying grafted seedlings and seedlings. The seedling leaves are small, hairy, dark green and prominent. However, grafted seedlings have large leaves, less fuzz, light leaves, round or oval leaves, and the tip is not prominent. Wild Actinidia deliciosa should be selected as rootstock in Guanzhong area, so that the seedlings will grow healthily and have strong resistance. Jinyan Kiwifruit is a dioecious plant. In addition to planting female plants, a certain number of male plants must be allocated when the garden is built. It is required that the flowering period of male plants is consistent with that of female plants, with long flowering period, large pollen quantity, strong affinity and high pollen germination rate. The leaves of male plants are small and round, and the color is dark green, while the leaves of female plants are large and slightly lighter. Male internodes are short and stout, female internodes are slightly thinner, male petioles are short, and female petioles are long. The buds of male plants have hairs exposed in the middle main buds; The buds of female plants are prominent in the middle, bright and round, without fuzz. Kiwifruit buds are full and exposed, which are easy to be knocked off during shipment, so attention should be paid to protection. The competition of fruit quality is actually the competition of varieties. When building a garden, it is necessary to consider the configuration of varieties and choose the current excellent varieties and reasonable combinations.
The flat cultivation is 3m× 4m; The gentle slope is 3m× 3m or 3m× 4m. T-frame or improved T-frame is the best for kiwifruit, and shed frame can also be used. Hedgehog production is low. Garden construction on hillside is planted according to contour lines or fish scale pits are dug for colonization. The garden is built on the flat ground according to the selected plant spacing; Dig a hole and plant it, and behave well in the north and south. According to the line spacing of plants, mark and dot before digging the pit, and plant the pit l meters square. Then a layer of grass, a layer of manure and a layer of soil are alternately filled in, and the upper fertilizer is best mixed with soil by compound fertilizer or phosphate fertilizer. Note that if there is too much sand and gravel, the soil should be changed. Generally, 50 ~100 kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5 ~ 1 kg of calcium superphosphate should be applied to the planting pit every year. Dig a small hole with a spade on the planted pit that has been filled, and put the seedlings on the root neck, so as to straighten the tree and stabilize the soil. Too deep and too shallow are not conducive to sprouting. It can be planted in autumn or spring, but it must be buried in autumn to prevent cold.
When planting kiwifruit, male plants must be arranged in proportion, with 8: 1 as the best. In the rainy areas in May (flowering period), the ratio can be 7: 1. The planted seedlings should have five full buds, and the roots should be properly pruned, which is beneficial to promote new roots. After water infiltration, the soil is cultivated to the ground or slightly higher than the ground. Erase the rootstock in time after germination. Remove the binding at the grafting site in time. In order to prevent new branches from being broken by strong wind, a bamboo pole must be erected beside the seedlings to tie the seedlings to bricks? It is best to set up the frame at one time or in stages, so as not to affect the growth of kiwifruit. Timely intertillage weeding, irrigation and fertilization to promote the rapid growth of seedlings.
Efficacy of kiwi fruit with red heart
Red kiwi fruit is also called Hongyang kiwi fruit. Its functions are health care and beauty, detoxification and anti-cancer, whitening, spot fading, acne removal, detoxification and anti-aging. Its functions are to improve blood flow, prevent thrombosis, reduce the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction and arteriosclerosis, and treat impotence. It is taboo to eat red kiwi fruit: it belongs to cold food, including spleen and stomach deficiency and even diarrhea, gastritis and arteriosclerosis.
Kiwifruit with red heart has rich nutritional value, and eating fresh fruit often has health care, beauty, detoxification and anticancer effects on human body. Known as "the king of fruits" and "the crown of vitamin C". In Japan, it is called "beauty fruit and smart fruit". A rare variety-Hongyang Kiwifruit Hongyang Kiwifruit has a glossy and hairless skin, golden flesh and bright red and beautiful core. It tastes sweet, sour and refreshing, and has a strong aroma. It has a mixed flavor and aroma of melon, strawberry and citrus. There are 17 amino acids and vitamins C, B, E, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and other minerals in the fresh fruit. One of the most outstanding characteristics of Hongyang kiwifruit is that it is rich in vitamin C, which is 155-420mg/ 100g, which is 20-80 times that of apples. Eating 1-2 red kiwifruit every day can meet the needs of human body for vitamin C and trace elements. In particular, the taste is better than any kiwifruit variety bred at home and abroad at present, and kiwifruit is no longer a "sour fruit" but a "red soft gold".