Planting techniques of baby cabbage
Sowing temperature
Baby cabbage is a variety of Chinese cabbage, which belongs to semi-cold-tolerant vegetable plants and is resistant to light frost and severe frost. The most suitable average temperature for growth is * * *17 5 * * *℃, the average temperature is higher than 25℃, and the growth is slow when it is lower than 10℃. Although it can recover from freezing at low temperature of 0 ~ 2℃ in the short term, it will be damaged by freezing when it grows at low temperature of -2℃ for a long time. The sowing temperature range should be/kloc-. Sowing in early spring and covering with plastic film can improve the ground temperature and sow early, so as to achieve the goal of sowing early and listing early.
Variety selection
The color of Chinese cabbage leaves can be roughly divided into two categories: white heart and yellow heart, and the right variety color can be selected according to market demand. Generally, the dry matter content of colored varieties of baby cabbage is relatively high.
To choose bolting-resistant varieties with good cold tolerance, there are many bolting-resistant varieties available in the market, such as Korean doll, mini star, pearl doll dish, etc. Baby cabbage planted in autumn is not strict with varieties, but it is necessary to choose disease-resistant varieties with good heat resistance and early onset in summer sowing, such as Korean Beibei and heat-resistant 55 varieties.
At present, Korean-made "Korean Beibei" and "Korean Golden Doll" are the best doll dishes on the market, while domestic doll dishes are not as good as Korean doll dishes in any way.
Land preparation and border preparation
Because there are few aboveground parts, the root system of baby cabbage is smaller than that of ordinary cabbage: sandy loam with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage should be chosen to clay loam. Because of the short growth period, we should pay attention to the use of base fertilizer, and should apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer and10 ~15 kg compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer. In areas with calcium deficiency or alkaline soil,15 ~ 20kg of calcium superphosphate can be added to ensure calcium absorption, and the soil can be deeply plowed and leveled. Baby dishes can be cultivated on the ridge or in the border. Spring and autumn are suitable for planting, saving labor and time; Ridge cultivation is suitable in summer, which is beneficial to drainage, and the width of the border is1~1.2m.
Sowing and planting
Baby cabbage can be planted all year round with protective facilities. But pay attention to the danger of low temperature bolting in spring; In summer, sunshade nets should be used to block strong light and reduce high temperature, and insect-proof nets should be used to prevent aphids from spreading virus diseases. Doll dishes can be broadcast live or transplanted. In spring and autumn, when the climate is more suitable, precise sowing can be carried out, that is, 1 ~ 2 grains per hole or 1 hole and 1 grain are cross-sown, and the seed amount per mu is100 ~150g. Seedlings should be transplanted with soil lumps at the 3-leaf stage, with the row spacing of 20×30 cm.
Baby cabbage is a small plant type medium-high density leafy vegetable variety, the 1000-seed weight is generally 3-3.4 grams, the seed dosage per mu is 80 ~100 grams, and the transplanting is 50 grams. The number of plants per mu is 8000 ~10000, and the row spacing between plants is 20 cm× 30 cm.
Direct seeding or seedling transplanting can be used. Direct seeding saves labor and is suitable for large-scale planting, but it uses a large amount of seeds. The advantages of seedling raising and transplanting are as follows: first, early spring planting can be sown about 20 days earlier, that is, seedlings can be planted in protected areas first, and then planted in the open field after the earth warms up, which can grab the market early; Second, raising seedlings in advance can achieve the purpose of adding stubble to catch up with stubble, but it is more labor-consuming. The form of making beds depends on local customs. Generally, there are 4 ~ 6 rows in the south and one border in the north.
Plant management
The management of baby cabbage is relatively simple. Two weeks after sowing, seedlings should be thinned, fixed, replanted and weeds should be pulled out in time. You can strengthen fertilizer and water management and promote growth without squatting or only squatting for 1 week. To keep the soil moist, but don't accumulate water, topdressing urea 10 kg 1 time per mu during the period of rapid plant expansion.
Fertilizer and water management Before sowing, apply sufficient organic fertilizer of 5000kg per mu. Keep the soil moist before and after emergence, and loosen the soil frequently before wrapping, so as to increase soil permeability and moisture conservation. After wrapping the heart, replenish water and fertilizer as appropriate to promote healthy growth.
Check the seedlings and replant the seedlings in the direct seeding field. Seedling transplanting field should be planted with 3 ~ 4 leaves to avoid root damage when seedlings are transplanted too large.
Harvest and market
When the whole plant height is 30 ~ 35 cm and the ball is compacted, it can be harvested. When harvesting, the whole plant should be pulled out, the extra leaves should be removed, the base should be flattened, and it can be marketed after being packaged with plastic wrap.
pest control
The cultivation of baby cabbage is seriously damaged by Plutella xylostella, especially in spring sowing stubble, which should be controlled by drugs at the beginning of young larvae.
The dosage: 1.8% avermectin EC is 2500 ~ 3000 times; 2.5% Caixi SC1500 ~ 2000 times; 5% pyrethrin EC1000 ~1500 times; 2.5% Uranus EC1000 ~1500 times; 10% except EC1200 ~1500 times.
Baby cabbage has a short growth period, strong resistance and generally no pests and diseases. If pests and diseases are found, they can be controlled with reference to common Chinese cabbage pests and diseases.
Matters needing attention in the cultivation of doll vegetables
Pay attention to the planting environment
The suitable temperature for the growth of baby cabbage is 5℃-25℃. If it is lower than 5℃, it is easy to be damaged by freezing, and if it is higher than 25℃, it is easy to be infected with virus, so it is better to choose greenhouse or spring and autumn sowing. Sandy loam or clay loam with fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage should be selected on the plot.
Pay attention to planting management
Fertilizer and water should be properly controlled in the early stage of planting to avoid excessive air humidity due to high density and breeding bacteria. The growth period of baby cabbage is short, so it should be fully applied with fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer per mu10-15 kg should be used as the base fertilizer. About two weeks after sowing, seedlings should be fixed, replanted, weeded and fertilizer and water management strengthened. Be sure to keep the soil moist, but don't accumulate water. When the plant expands rapidly, topdressing urea 10 kg per mu.
Pay attention to medication and prevent diseases
Agricultural streptomycin, wrapping agent and preservative can be used to prevent soft rot bacteria; Use thiophanate methyl+chlorothalonil or thiram to prevent * * * disease; Use 800 times of Baijunling and 800-1000 times of carbendazim to prevent black spot; Prevention of yellow leaf disease with 200-300 times solution of Duoyinling and 500 times solution of sulfur suspension.
Medicinal value of baby cabbage
The medicinal value of Chinese cabbage is also very high. Chinese medicine believes that it is slightly cold and non-toxic. Regular consumption has the effects of nourishing the stomach, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, promoting diuresis and relaxing bowels, and clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Baby dish Baby dish is a new vegetable variety introduced from Japan in recent years. From the species point of view, baby cabbage and Chinese cabbage belong to cruciferous vegetables, and from the composition point of view, the nutritional value of Chinese cabbage is not inferior to baby cabbage, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is higher.
Many people feel listless all day. Apart from staying up late and eating irregularly, potassium deficiency is also a very important reason. At this time, you can eat more baby dishes.
The phenomenon of potassium deficiency is not common. Modern white-collar workers don't eat staple food for a long time, and they drink a lot of coffee to refresh themselves. Coupled with the heavy work pressure, this kind of physical and mental tension will also cause the loss of potassium. At this time, it is very good to eat some baby dishes.
Baby cabbage is a kind of "super Chinese cabbage", but its potassium content is much higher than that of Chinese cabbage. According to the determination, there are about 287 mg of potassium in every 100 grams of baby cabbage, while the same weight of Chinese cabbage only contains potassium 130 mg. Potassium is an important element to maintain neuromuscular stress and normal function. People who often feel tired can have a good regulatory effect by eating more baby dishes. The common "baby dish in soup" is a good practice. You can add some Flammulina velutipes and use chicken soup to make broth, which is also good for improving immunity. Baby dishes also help gastrointestinal peristalsis, promote defecation, and eat more in autumn and winter to relieve dryness and diuresis.
In addition, it is especially reminded that pregnant mothers can also eat more baby dishes because of their high folic acid content.
Quality identification method of doll dish
The common fake doll dishes on the market are mainly made from immature ordinary cabbage, and the difference between ordinary cabbage and doll dishes is mainly distinguished from two aspects:
A, shape: the doll dish is yellowish in color, with thin sides and fine pleats.
B, taste: the doll dish is slightly sweet and has no natural taste.
* * * products
The doll dish map ***9*** stripped off the "stunted" Chinese cabbage, and a cabbage heart worth only a few cents immediately doubled in value, turning into a "mountain doll dish" far from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and openly boarded the shelves of major markets and supermarkets. In Beijing, it was found that there were vendors selling cabbage hearts as alpine dolls. There are many fake alpine baby dishes in Beijing, which are produced and sold in batches by processing points.
Most of these "stunted" Chinese cabbages are produced in Baoding, Hebei. In order to meet the needs of buyers, vegetable farmers deliberately plant Chinese cabbage in high density, which makes it squeezed and can't absorb enough nutrients and sunlight, so it grows smaller. These Chinese cabbages are yellow in color and small in size, which is half of that of ordinary Chinese cabbages. They can be "transformed" into doll dishes only by peeling off half of the vegetables.
Workers peeled the Chinese cabbage until only the delicate cabbage was 10 cm long and wrist thick. After peeling off a large basket, the workers bagged the cabbage with a packaging bag printed with "Fengyu Alpine Baby Cabbage". The reporter noticed that the back of these packaging bags was also printed with a product introduction, "Fengyu doll dish, produced in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, is called a treasure because of its nutrients and color, and is a vegetable that consumers can trust."
Identification mode
Chinese cabbage and doll dish look similar, but the price of Chinese cabbage is lower than that of doll dish. Many merchants pretend to be dolls with Chinese cabbage in order to make a profit. It is often found that someone has bought a doll dish with big leaves peeled off from it. There are still some differences between the real doll dish and the Chinese cabbage. Please pay attention to the distinction.
I found two contrast pictures reported by Hebei Youth Daily. You can distinguish it carefully. Obviously, you can feel that the body shape of the doll dish is relatively uniform and meticulous, and the width of the head and tail is basically the same, while the cabbage heart can see that the root is thick and the color is more yellow and white.
colour and lustre
The leaves of baby cabbage are light yellow. Because of different varieties of cabbage, if it is cabbage heart, it will be yellow with white. Even though many greenhouses prevent Chinese cabbage from seeing the light, the leaf color of Chinese cabbage is different from the natural color of baby cabbage.
External surface
Baby cabbage has a narrow leaf base and delicate veins, while Chinese cabbage has a wide leaf base and veins.
Baoxin
The core of Chinese cabbage grows closely, and its leaves are seriously shriveled and twisted. The leaves of the doll dish are relatively flat, and the curly patterns of the leaves are also exquisite and small and beautiful. Doll leaves are straight, and cabbage leaves bend inward.