The reproductive organs of a cow consist of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vaginal vestibule and vulva (see figure below).

Schematic diagram of cow reproductive organs

A: 1. Clitoris 2. Vestibule 3. Urethral meatus 4. Vagina 5. Cervix 6. Uterine body 7. Uterine horns 8. Uterine flesh Fu 9. Fallopian tube 10. Fallopian tube fimbria 11. Ovary

B: 1. Vulva 2. Vestibule 3. Vagina 4. Cervix 5. Uterine body 6. Uterine horn 7. Fallopian tube 8. Fallopian tube fimbria 9. Ovary 10. Bladder 11. Rectum

The ovary of a cow is oval and can be divided into inner and outer sides. The ovary is a solid organ, which consists of follicles at all levels, including primordial follicles, primary follicles, growing follicles and mature follicles. After the cow reaches sexual maturity, these follicles grow and develop regularly and cyclically until the reproductive function deteriorates. Although there are many primordial follicles, the number of mature follicles formed in cattle during their lifetime is very small, and most of them degenerate into atretic follicles. After the mature follicle discharges the egg cell (ovum), the red body is formed due to the rupture of blood vessels, and then the corpus luteum is formed. If the cow is pregnant, the function of the corpus luteum (called gestational corpus luteum) will be maintained until delivery; if the cow is not pregnant, the corpus luteum will degenerate after about 2 weeks (this type of corpus luteum is called periodic corpus luteum), and will be filled with connective tissue and become white. body.

The fallopian tube is a pair of slender and curved tubes located between the ovary and the uterine horn. Although it is not directly connected to the ovary, its front end is enlarged and funnel-shaped to wrap the ovary. In addition to transporting egg cells, the fallopian tube is also the site of fertilization and cleavage.

The front end of the uterus is connected to the fallopian tube, and the back end is connected to the vagina through the cervix. The uterus of cattle is a bicornuate uterus, which can be divided into three parts: uterine horn, uterine body and cervix. The uterus is the organ where the fetus grows, develops and is delivered. Most of the uterus of adult cows is located in the abdominal cavity, the cervix is ??located in the pelvic cavity, the rectum is dorsally located, and the bladder is located ventrally.

The vagina is the mating organ and birth canal of the cow, located in the pelvic cavity. Its dorsal side is the rectum, and its ventral side is the bladder and urethra. The vaginal vestibule is a short tube extending backward from the external urethral opening and ending at the vulva.