Aristotle (Greek: Αριστοτ?λη? c. 384 BC - 322 BC) was a famous philosopher, scientist and educator in ancient Greece. He was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. He summarized the results of the development of ancient Greek philosophy since Thales, and for the first time distinguished philosophy from other sciences, pioneering the independent study of such disciplines as logic, ethics, political science and biology. His academic thought has had a tremendous impact on the development of Western culture and science.

Aristotle divided the sciences into (1) the sciences of theory (mathematics, natural sciences, and the first philosophy, which came to be known as metaphysics); (2) the sciences of practice (ethics, politics, economics, strategy, and modification); and (3) the sciences of creation, i.e., poetics.

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Francis Bacon (January 22, 1561 - April 9, 1626) , English prose writer, philosopher, and statesman, was the originator of classical empiricism.

Bacon was born into an aristocratic family in London on January 22, 1561.After graduating from Cambridge University in 1576, he was sent to Paris as secretary of foreign affairs at the embassy in France, and resigned to return to England in 1579 on the death of his father.He was elected to the House of Commons in 1593, and became chancellor of the Seal of the House of Commons in 1617, and in 1618 he served as a grand justiciar under James I, and was Baron Verulam, and in 1621 was created Viscount St. Alban's. He died on April 9, 1626, after Bacon's death. After Bacon's death, Sir Henry Warden inscribed his epitaph:

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Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (December 25, 1642 - March 20, 1727 Julian Calendar January 4, 1643 - March 31, 1727 Gerry Calendar) was a mathematician, scientist, and philosopher, as well as an alchemy enthusiast of his time in England. His law of universal gravitation, as well as his Newtonian laws of motion, published in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica on July 5, 1687, are the cornerstones of classical mechanics. Newton also invented calculus independently of Leibniz. He total*** left behind an alchemical manuscript of more than 500,000 words and a theological manuscript of more than 1 million words.

Newton is regarded as one of the greatest scientists in human history. His law of universal gravitation united motion in the heavens with motion on earth for the first time in human history, provided strong theoretical support for the heliocentric theory, and enabled the study of natural science to finally break free from the shackles of religion.

Newton also discovered the color composition of sunlight and made the world's first reflecting telescope.

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Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller Friedrich von Schiller) (November 10, 1759 - May 9, 1805), often referred to as Friedrich Schiller, was a prominent German 18th-century poet, philosopher, historian and playwright, and one of the leading figures of German Enlightenment literature. Schiller is a representative of the famous "Rampage Movement" in German literary history, and is also recognized as a great writer in the history of German literature, second only to Goethe.

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