For example, the saliva of some insects may abnormally increase the local growth hormone in plants, thus increasing the number of cells and accelerating their growth, thus producing galls.
Gall mainly occurs on active meristems, such as buds and new leaves. Take the gall wasp as an example. When the female gall wasp laid her eggs on the leaves of the purple elastic tree, at first, the purple elastic tree didn't change much. Echinacea purpurea will grow galls only when the larvae hatch, because it is stimulated by the secretion of gall wasp larvae.
Gall mainly occurs on active meristems, such as buds and new leaves. Take the gall wasp as an example. When the female gall wasp laid her eggs on the leaves of the purple elastic tree, at first, the purple elastic tree didn't change much. Echinacea purpurea will grow galls only when the larvae hatch, because it is stimulated by the secretion of gall wasp larvae.
As a peculiar biological phenomenon in nature, galls are mainly formed by infected insects that stimulate plants by laying eggs, feeding or secreting chemicals. In a narrow sense, it refers to the proliferation and deformity of plant tissues caused only by insect feeding or oviposition stimulation; In a broad sense, it refers to the deformity of plant tissue caused by the activities of various organisms and the stimulation of secretions.
Adult galls:? Insects are the most important biological groups that form galls. Gall-causing species mainly belong to thousands of insects belonging to 6 orders, about 20 families of Insecta, such as Homoptera, Pulsatilla, Coleoptera, etc., and most of them are concentrated in Gall-culicidae, Sarcophagidae and Sarcophagidae.
Bile formation
Generally speaking, gall-causing insects only play an initial role in the formation of galls. Once the gall begins to develop, it will continue to grow even after the gall insect leaves or is parasitized by other natural enemies, so it is the plant itself that really forms the gall.
1. Galls are caused by mechanical stimulation or various secretions produced by insects that cause galls when laying eggs and feeding.
2. Galls mostly occur on active meristems such as buds and new leaves, and it is difficult to form branches and leaves that stop growing.
Relationship between Galla Chinensis and Plants
Most of the galls do little harm to plants, and natural enemies can control the galls to some extent. It is reported that the predatory natural enemy of the gall is the ant, which is the invader of the gall, nests in the gall and feeds on all kinds of gall (including the gall and its parasitic insects, etc.). Therefore, there is generally no need to control the disease in production.
Most larvae of insects that cause galls grow up in galls, which provide them with food and living places. At the same time, it avoids the harm of external pesticides, predation by natural enemies and bad weather.
When the insect completes its development and passes through the gall wall, the gall left behind can provide shelter for other insects later. Sometimes, there is not only one gall-causing insect living in a gall, but also two or three different parasites.
Utilization of bile
The chemical substances such as fat, protein, starch, trace elements and tannic acid contained in gall are much higher than those in normal parts of plants. It was discovered and began to be used as early as BC, and now it is an important raw material for medical treatment, chemical industry, printing and dyeing, leather and other industries. Galla chinensis is the most famous and widely used. Mainly produced in East Asia and North America, it has the longest utilization history in China, dating back to 2,000 years ago, with the most kinds and the best quality.
Galla Chinensis is a cystic gall formed by some horned aphids or egg aphids of Araliaceae, Rhus chinensis, Populus deltoides or Populus deltoides.
Galla chinensis is rich in soluble biological tannins and other substances, which are widely used in textile, machinery, food and other industries. In medicine, more than 30 kinds of synthetic drugs have been produced at present, and the commonly used antibacterial drug "compound sulfamethoxazole" has a high curative effect and is used to treat coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. Chinese medicine takes gallnut soup as the main component to treat various gastritis and other diseases.
In addition to these, encyclopedia has many explanations.