Water, gold, fire, wood and earth, Neptune and Pluto go around the outside;
Only the earth's living things are present, and the warm gas, liquid and water are caused by the edge.
(1) temperature, suitable temperature. Qi, an atmosphere suitable for biological breathing.
2, the characteristics of the earth
The equator is slightly bulging and the poles are slightly flat.
From west to east, time begins to change.
The north and south are parallel lines, which are relatively equal circles.
East and west are longitude lines, forming parallel circles alone;
The equator is the longest and polarization is the point.
3. the division of the eastern, western, northern and southern hemispheres
Twenty degrees west longitude, 160 east longitude,
Across the board, the east and west hemispheres.
Keywords northern and southern hemispheres, equatorial zero latitude,
The four seasons are temperate, and the north and south are opposite.
4. Day and night alternation and seasonal changes
The earth rotates and changes day and night.
Revolving around the sun, four seasons appear.
One day of rotation, one year of revolution.
From west to east, the direction remains the same.
5. Five Zones of the Earth
The earth has five zones, all divided by four lines;
Returning to the intertropical zone, the polar circle is divided into cold and temperature;
There are two cold temperatures, and the temperature in five zones is uneven.
(1) temperature refers to the temperature.
6. Map orientation
Distinguish the direction of the map and put it in front of you;
Up north and down south, left west and right east.
The plot is easy to distinguish, but the latitude and longitude network is difficult;
Weft refers to the north-south and east-west warp loops.
Polar projection, with special orientation:
For the northern hemisphere, the heart is four Nan Zhou;
East and west in the north latitude circle, the rotation goes counter-clockwise.
For the southern hemisphere, around the north and south of the heart;
South latitude circle east and west, rotating clockwise.
7. continents and oceans
The earth's surface area, total * * * five hundred and one million;
The percentage of land and water, the ocean accounts for 71.
Six large pieces of land, including islands and seven continents;
Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctic Ocean Europe.
The waters are four oceans, and peace is the deepest and widest;
Daxi "s"-like, Indian Arctic Ocean.
Plate tectonics, six pieces to put together;
The block is relatively stable, and there are many earthquakes at the junction.
8. Location of oceans and continents
Ocean is bounded by continent, and continent is divided by ocean.
The Pacific Ocean is the head of four oceans, located between Asia and Australia.
The Atlantic Ocean is southwest of North America, and the east coast is critical of Europe and Africa.
The Indian Ocean is adjacent to Asia, Africa and Australia, and the south is connected by Sanyo water.
The surface of the Arctic Ocean is the smallest, with three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.
9. Boundary and location of seven continents
The earth's surface is very land-occupied, and Asia, Europe, Africa, and the United States are south.
Asia and Europe are integrated, and Wula Gao adds points to both sides;
Asia and Africa were originally connected, and the Suey Canal was cut off;
Asia and North America are across the water, with the Bering Strait in the middle;
China and the United States came to match the north and south, and the Bana Canal blocked it.
The area of Oceania is small, and it seems to be broken.
Asia, Europe, Africa, and the East Hemisphere, with North and South America occupying the western half,
Only the Antarctic is independent, and the ice cover is called the plateau.
(1) ocean, Oceania. America, South America and North America. South, Antarctica.
② Wula, Ural Mountains and ural river. Goga, Caucasus mountains.
③ Suez Canal, Suez Canal.
④ Bana Canal, Panama Canal.
10, topography of seven continents
(1) Asia
The terrain in Asia is mixed, and the middle height is surrounded by depressions.
The alluvial plain is wide and the mountain plateau is large.
Rivers radiate, and water resources can be boasted.
(2) Europe
There are many seas on the peninsula, and the body is segmented;
The mountains live in the north and south, and the central plain is low;
The terrain is plain, and the altitude is the first.
(3) North America
The eastern plateau is connected with the mountains, and the western mountains are connected with the plateau.
The east and west alternate with high continents, which are called lakes and seas in the world.
(4) South America
The Andes is located in the west and the eastern plain plateau area.
The terrain is the most in the world, and the plateau plain ranks first.
The western mountains are the longest and the Amazon River basin is wide.
The tropical rain forest ranks first in the world, and the grassland is pampas.
(5) Africa
With an average elevation of 600 meters, it is known as the mainland plateau continent.
The eastern plateau is integrated with the western desert plain.
(6) Oceania
Small area, divided into two areas,
One continent, two islands.
The mainland is high from east to west, with a basin in the middle.
(7) Antarctica
Surrounded by Sanyo, it has accumulated ice and snow for many years;
More than 2 thousand meters, the highest altitude.
1 1, seabed topography
Shallow sea continental shelf, outer continental slope;
Ocean basin trench ridge, the ocean floor is unpredictable.
12, terrain change
Terrain changes, internal and external forces add.
The sea has changed, and the internal strength is great;
Keywords plate movement, tension and extrusion,
Fault folds, high depressions;
Volcanic earthquake, plate margin.
External forces should not be underestimated;
Keywords wind, wave, water and ice, erosion change,
Over time, cut high and fill the depression.
13, weather and climate
Weather: short-term cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, cold and windy.
Climate: annual average spring, summer, autumn and winter.
14, temperature distribution law
The temperature distribution is different, from high latitude to low latitude;
Land and sea are different, with high land temperature and low sea temperature in summer.
The height of the terrain also affects it, with a difference of 6℃ per kilometer.
15, global warming hazards
Air pollution and global warming;
Glaciers melted and the coast was flooded.
It is urgent to take measures.
16, the formation of wind
High temperature and high gas rise and form under low pressure;
Gas comes from high pressure and flows to form wind.
17, the earth pressure zone
High pressure zone 4, low pressure zone 3:
Between five degrees north and south, the high temperature gas turns up,
Equatorial low pressure, convenient precipitation;
30 degrees north and south, deflection under airflow,
Sub-heat and high air pressure, less rain and frequent drought;
The polar pressure is low, close to the two poles;
It's 60 degrees north and south, and it's extremely low.
18, the earth's wind belt
The air pressure belt is separated, and there are six wind belts:
The trade winds embrace the equator, and the east winds emerge from the poles.
North-south westerly belt, 40 or 60 degrees.
19, precipitation formation conditions
The air is full and the temperature drops;
Condensed nuclei, collision;
Weight gain, rain and snow fall.
20, precipitation distribution law
Equatorial heat, more precipitation:
The poles are cold and precipitation is difficult.
Tropic of cancer, divided into the west;
Keywords continental west coast, subtropical high zone,
Trade winds blow, precipitation is deficient;
East coast of land, monsoon reason,
The climate is warm and the precipitation is abundant.
Mid-latitude, inside;
Far from the sea, the climate is dry.
2 1, factors affecting climate
Factors affecting climate should be taken into account in four aspects;
The latitude position is the first, and the equatorial poles are very different;
Secondly, it depends on the land and sea, and the summer in the open sea is cool;
Terrain is also very important, so don't be cold and windy;
Ocean currents should not be underestimated, and warm currents are rich in water.
22. Distribution and characteristics of natural belts on land
The surface climate is unusual, and vegetation animals change with it.
On the distribution of natural zones, there are three types of heat and temperature;
Sub-cold tundra ice sheet belt, and the mountains change vertically.
On the equatorial edge of tropical rain forest, high temperature and rainy trees are towering;
Orangutans and apes often appear, and hippos and elephants are not uncommon.
The savanna is sandwiched between two sides, and Africa and South America are the most extensive;
In wet and dry seasons, the north and south are opposite, and the sparse trees and dense grass animals are happy;
Lions, rhinoceroses, zebras and giraffes move to the water plants in the dry season.
Tropical desert tropic of cancer, the largest area in Africa and Australia;
There are few vegetation and sand dunes, and ostriches and camels are tolerant to hunger and drought.
Temperate deserts live in the land and can be seen in Asia, America, Australia and Africa.
It is hot in summer and cold in winter, and the vegetation is less able to dry.
Temperate grassland has four seasons, many of which are in the middle of the northern hemisphere;
Grass is especially short when there is less rain, and antelope hare is the most common.
The temperate forests are flourishing with broad leaves, but pandas and sika deer are rare.
In the northern sub-cold coniferous forest, pine spruce can resist cold;
Most of Asia, America and northern Europe, animals change their feathers in winter and summer.
The tundra climate is long and cold in winter, the northernmost part of Asia, Europe and America;
Plants lichens and mosses, endemic animals reindeer.
Antarctic ice sheets and icebergs, penguin seals near the coast;
The North Pole and Greenland, the white bear walrus is not afraid of the cold.
23. World Natural Resources
(1) Land resources
Land resources, living conditions;
Keywords ploughing forest and grass construction, deforestation and flooding,
Loss and desertification, more people and less land,
Take measures to control * * *.
(2) Water resources
There is much water on the earth, and the sea is vast;
Can only use, fresh water resources.
Underground rivers and lakes, the distribution is biased;
It is more difficult to meet the needs.
Protect resources and save money first;
Planting trees and preventing pollution.
Seawater desalination, for a long time.
(3) Forest resources
Forest use: provide timber,
Implicit water source, increase humidity;
Protect fields from wind and soil;
Clean the air, ① "natural dispatch".
Protect resources and synchronize planting and cutting.
① Adjust and adjust the atmospheric composition. Clean, purify.
(4) Mineral resources
There are many kinds of minerals, among which coal, iron and oil are the most important.
Russia, Pakistan, China, Australia, India, Canada and the United States, the seven countries have high iron ore reserves;
The coal mines are China, the United States and Russia, and the coal quality in Asia, Europe and North America is good;
Oil is concentrated in the Middle East, Russia, the United States, China, Mexico and Britain.
1) Pakistan, Brazil. India, India.
24. World Population Distribution
The world's population lives in eastern and southern Asia;
North America and eastern Europe are densely populated;
It is a coastal plain with a humid and warm climate.
Agriculture has a long history, and industrial and commercial cities have developed.
25. Population problem
The population is developing too fast, and environmental resources are harmed;
The migration of population to cities brings many disadvantages:
Housing, transportation, water and electricity, medical education and employment.
26, the world race problem
The distinction between races in the world depends on the skin, hair and eyes.
Bai lived in Ou Yang and North America, and Huang lived in Yadong.
Black people are not foreign to the United States, and racial discrimination is light.
(1) the ocean, Oceania, behind the word "foreign" is the same.
27, the world's major languages
There are 2,000 nationalities in the world, many of which have their own languages.
Chinese is used the most, southeast of China, Asia;
English is widely used in Britain, Australia, North America and India;
Russian is relatively concentrated, and Latin American Spanish invades ②;
French is beautiful in the world, mainly in France;
Arabic, Asia and Africa, is an important international language.
28. Three major religions in the world
World Religion III, Fokien Islam.
There are one billion Christians, and Europe and the United States are widely spread.
Buddhism originated in India and returned to true Islam.
600 million Muslims, Asia and Africa are the most common.
(1) Europe and America, Europe, America and Oceania.
29. Countries with a world population of over 100 million.
China, India, the United States, Nigeria and Russia, and Pakistan, Nigeria and Bangladesh.
India, India. Nepal, Indonesia.
② Ba, the first word "Ba" refers to Brazil, and the second word "Ba" refers to Pakistan. Nigeria. This sentence can be remembered by using the image language "I am hungry because I am short of rice (the homonym of Nepal), and I dream about it on the eighth day."
30. Issues concerning countries in the world
One hundred and eighty countries in the world, the largest area in Russia and Canada,
Territorial territorial waters, land, sea and air, and the national boundaries between the two States are drawn.
The political system is subordinate, and most countries are underdeveloped;
International communication should be equal, and five principles should safeguard it.
3 1, world regional division
The world is divided into thirteen regions, according to man, land and nature.
There are five regions in Asia: east, west, south, middle and southeast;
The African region is divided into two parts, and Sarah divides the north and south lines;
The American region is also divided into two sections, with Latin America accounting for the south;
Europe is divided into west and east and north Asia, and the Antarctic ocean is alone.
① Man-land, human geographical factors and geographical location.
(2) the east is connected with North Asia, and the east of Europe and North Asia are combined into a region.
32. East Asian countries
There are five countries in East Asia: China, Korea, Japan and Mongolia.
Mongolia lives inland, and its animal husbandry is prosperous;
North Korea is divided into north and south, and the North Korea is rich in resources.
South Korea's economic development, and Japan called "little dragon";
China is more important, and we will comment on it later.
(1) the DPRK refers to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
(2) North Korea refers to the Korean peninsula.
33. East Asian topography
East Asian coastline twists and turns, and the peninsula islands are like stars;
There are many plateaus and mountains in the west and hills in the east;
The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and rivers flow into the sea in the east.
34. East Asian monsoon climate
The East Asian monsoon is remarkable, and the western mainland of the East China Sea.
The specific heat of land and sea is different, and the air pressure fluctuates with the season.
The temperature of summer land increases rapidly, forming a low pressure zone;
Seawater absorbs heat late, with low temperature and high pressure;
Monsoon from the sea to the land, the offshore precipitation is abundant.
There are two kinds of climate, temperate sub-hot monsoon.
35, East Asia coastal and inland differences
The coast of East Asia is warm, humid and densely populated;
Broad arable land in the plain, producing areas of rice and tea silk;
There are many good ports along the coast, which are beneficial to economy and trade.
The west has a small population and many plateaus and mountains;
Grassland climate is dry, and animal husbandry processing is suitable.
36. Japan
Japan's four major islands, this continent is the most important;
The coastline is tortuous and the people are dense and narrow;
Seismic activity frequency, ocean monsoon is obvious;
Forest is rich in water power and few in mineral resources;
Rapid economic development and high level of science and technology;
The four major economic areas depend on the import of raw materials;
Foreign trade port, Shenheng Honshu Island.
Tokyo is the hub and the railway speed is high;
Cold and warm currents meet and fish Hokkaido;
Small land depends on machinery, and the agricultural yield is high;
Culture is both eastern and western, representing the cherry blossom country.
37. Geography of Southeast Asia
"Nanyang" Southeast Asia, * * * ten countries;
The largest archipelagic country, Indonesia.
When Europe travels eastward, it must pass through Malacca;
Between India and Taiwan, the "crossroads" card.
Between the mountains and rivers on the peninsula, the distribution is in a vertical column.
The upstream "V" valley is rich in water and power;
The downstream is wide and gentle, alluvial into a plain;
When soil and fertilizer are used for irrigation, people will be thick and agriculture will flourish.
There are many volcanoes in the archipelago, among the three major plates;
Indonesia, also known as "volcano country",
Farmers are not afraid of risks, and they farm in the crater.
38. Two climate types in Southeast Asia
On the equatorial edge of the tropical rain forest, the Malay Peninsula Islands;
Convective rain dominated the whole year, with a load of precipitation exceeding 2,000;
There are plenty of plants in the rain and heat, and farming in the four seasons is not leisure.
The tropical monsoon is divided into rain and drought, and the Indo-China Peninsula is north of the Philippines;
June to October is the rainy season, with drought from November to May.
The annual precipitation is 1500, and the seeds are sown in the rainy season and harvested in the drought.
39. Residents and products in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is rich in people and rich in products;
Rubber oil brown tin, rich in Malaya;
Coconut and banana, the Philippines can boast;
Rice is the staple food, and the quality in Thailand is good;
In Brunei, Indonesia, oil is being developed;
Many people believe in Buddhism and build the essence;
Angkor Wat in Cambodia, Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon;
The economy has developed, and the Chinese have made great contributions.
1) Malaya, Malaysia.
40. Singapore
Singapore in Malay Peninsula, shaped like an island country of Lion City;
The island is as small as a star and densely populated, with more than three quarters of Chinese.
"Crossroad" Malacca, Taiyin sailing must pass.
Poor resources rely on imports, independent emerging industrial countries.
Excellent geographical location, good ports and many foreign trade and shipping;
Open the door to attract capital and technology, and industrial development will be a "little dragon".
Garden city has a beautiful environment, and the tourism industry earns a lot of foreign exchange.
4 1, Indonesia
Indonesia is the largest archipelago country.
The output ranks first in the world, with Muhu Tengjinna (1);
The oil export port is also the largest in this area;
Tropical rain forest scenery, jade chain hanging;
Bandung has an elegant environment and good recuperation tourism;
Jakarta, the capital, is located in Java, the island.
① Wood, kapok, Hu and pepper. Kinna, cinchona.
42. Geography and climate of South Asia
South Asia subcontinent, the terrain is divided into three parts:
The north is mountainous, and the three countries live inland;
Nandegan Plateau is rich in soil, fertilizer and minerals;
In the middle agricultural area, the plains are connected into arcs.
Three big rivers flow out of the alluvial plain;
Irrigation will be carried out in Yinhe River, and the downstream of Hengbu River will meet ①.
The climate is hot monsoon, and the precipitation is biased.
① Heng, Ganges River. Cloth, Brahmaputra River; The source of this river is in China, and it is called Yarlung Zangbo River in China.
43. India
The largest country in South Asia, the capital Madrid;
The population ranks second in the world, and the cultivated land in Asia is one;
Hemp tea ranks first in the world, and cotton cane is an economy;
Bangladesh and Canada are two major ports (1), cotton and linen industrial areas.
(1) Meng, Mumbai. Plus, Calcutta.
44. Main crops in India
Rice, wheat, cotton tea, peanuts, sugar cane and jute.
45. Pakistan
Pakistan is the first in industrial cotton textile in South Asia and West Asia;
Agriculture mainly depends on irrigation, and drought in Ganges River can solve the crisis.
Islamabad is the capital and Karachi is the largest port.
46. Central Asia
There are five countries in Central Asia, Hataji Tuwu.
Eurasian Railway Bridge, the "Silk Road" is ancient;
5. Living on land in China, being the owner of plateau and plain;
The climate is dry, and the Kara desert is (2);
Rivers and lakes have many internal flows, and irrigation leads to Eminem ③.
Nation 130, Islam.
"Platinum Country" Wu ④ is the third cotton producer in the world.
Large mineral reserves, coal, iron and oil days.
Wudu Tashkent, Dacheng Hub Station.
① Ha, Kazakhstan. Tower, Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyzstan.
Turkey, Turkmenistan. Ukraine, Uzbekistan; The following (4) also refers to this country, and it is no longer noted separately.
② Kara Desert, Karakum Desert.
(3) Eminem, Amu Darya. ⑤ Days, natural gas.
47. Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan in Central Asia, the largest landlocked country in the world;
Ethnic Russian Kazak (1), with a wide area of cultivated land and grassland,
Energy mining industry, oil and coal mines have more reserves and production,
Karaganda industrial land, with Almaty as the capital.
Russia, Russia.
48. Residents and geographical location in West Asia and North Africa
There are many Arabs in West Asia and North Africa;
Teach Islam, except the four countries in West Asia.
Five seas and three continents, traffic in West Asia;
In ancient times, there was the Silk Road.
There are six North African countries and many coastal ports.
Aka (2) in Saiya, Suez Canal,
Communicate two oceans and transport oil through it.
The four countries refer to Israel, Cyprus, Armenia and Georgia. These countries mainly believe in Christianity.
② Sai, Port Said, Asia and Alexandria. Yes, Tripoli. Ah, Algiers. Card, Casablanca.
49. Terrain and climate of West Asia and North Africa
The terrain of the two areas is mainly plateau, and the tropic of cancer passes through the middle;
Subtropical high northeast trade wind belt, hot and dry desert cloth;
Agriculture mainly depends on irrigation, and mountain oases can graze;
Winter precipitation is distributed in Mediterranean, West Asia and North Africa.
50. Oil in West Asia and North Africa
The two regions are the richest in oil, with the highest reserves and exports in the world.
The seven major oil producing countries (1) have shallow burial and good oil quality.
Exported to western Europe, the United States and Japan, by oil tankers and pipelines.
Japan must go through Malacca, and Europe and the United States often go around the Cape of Good Hope.
(1) The seven major oil producing countries refer to Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, etc.
5 1, products of countries in West Asia and North Africa
West Asia and North Africa are good products, and purple lamb skin is produced in Afghanistan;
Allah wool Turkey (1), Iranian wool woven carpet;
Dates are a specialty of Iraq, and Mogo is rich in olives.
Allah, Ankara.
② Mogo, Morocco.
52. Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, a tropical desert country.
Terrain plateau is the main and fresh water resources are thin.
Reserve production ranks first in the world, the kingdom of oil.
Sandy soil turns into farmland, and investment takes new measures.
Mecca is called the Holy City, with Riyadh as its capital.
53. Egypt
Egypt's position is heavy, and Asia, Africa and Europe are in a hurry.
It spans two continents, with Suez in the middle.
The Nile runs through the whole territory, and the "green corridor" is green.
Aswan dam, the wonders of the pyramids.
The valley delta is famous for its long-staple cotton.
Industrial oil mining, freight revenue rose.
The capital ancient Cairo, the largest city in Africa;
Alexandria has an important position.
Suez, Suez Canal.
(3) Nile, Nile.
(3) transport, canal. Overseas Chinese, remittances. Egypt is rich in labor resources, and many people go to work in West Asia, earning a lot of remittances every year.
54. Geographical conditions of sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa has many plateaus.
East Africa Rift Valley, subsidence stratum fault.
Kilimanjaro, the highest peak in Africa.
Lake Victoria is a basin depression.
There is a basin in the middle, with the Congo River in between.
Gulf of Guinea, Atlantic coast.
Madagascar is located in the southwest of the big island.
Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, the southwestern tip of the mainland.
55. Climate of Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa's tropical continent, the equator runs through the middle.
The climate is slightly banded, with a symmetrical distribution in the north and south.
The central tropical rain forest is full of high temperature and rain all year round.
Trilateral savanna, dry and wet seasons are opposite in north and south.
The law of tropical desert, the return of north and south is correct.
Mediterranean-style southern tip, rainy in winter and dry in summer.
1 regression, tropic of cancer.
56. Natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa
Resource animals and plants, famous for their minerals.
Precious wood species, rosewood and sandalwood (1),
Bobbab trees live long and grow hot grasslands.
Animals are not endemic, and the scarlet river is like deer spot.
Ethiopia, Nature Zoo.
Gold diamond, the storage and production are at the same time.
Guinea bauxite, oil storage is also considerable.
(1) sandalwood, sandalwood.
② No, Africa.
(3) the gorilla, gorilla. River, hippo. Elephant, African elephant. Deer and giraffes. Spot, zebra.
57. C? te d 'Ivoire
Ivory Coast, C? te d 'Ivoire.
Give priority to agriculture, cultivate forests for gardens.
"Cocoa Kingdom", the first production.
Coffee and wood, the top of Africa.
Abidjan, "Little Paris".
Diversified agricultural products, get rid of difficulties.
(1) the first production, output and export volume in the world.
58. Asia Review
(1) climate
The climate is complicated and the distribution of water and heat is quite different.
The eastern monsoon is rainy and snowy, and the western mainland is windy and dusty.
The low latitude in the south is warm, and the high latitude in the north is cold.
(2) Plateau and mountainous areas
Pamirs, surrounded by mountains;
Himalayas, the top of Mount Everest;
Tianshan Altai, the capital of Kushner.
The highest plain in Qinghai-Tibet, Deccan in northern Mongolia;
Central Siberia, Ia is separated by a bay.
(3) Lakes and rivers
The largest lake in the Caspian Sea, northwest of which belongs to Europe;
The Dead Sea Baikal is the saltiest and deepest genus.
The first river of the Yangtze River, Heimai enters Taibo (2);
Beiliu Le Shi E ③, and Nanliu Hengyin River.
(1) Ia, Iranian Plateau and Arabian Plateau.
(2) Black Mekong River flows into the Pacific Ocean, while Heilongjiang River and Mekong River flow into the Pacific Ocean.
(3) Le Yee, Lena River, Yenisei River and ob river.
59. Outline of Western Europe
Recognize the west of the European continent and remember four, three and two, one.
Four peninsulas live in the north and south, three in the sea and black,
Two islands are listed as ice (3), one is the edge of Beihai,
There is also a bay of Biscay.
(1) the four peninsulas refer to the Iberian Peninsula in the south, the Apennine Peninsula, the Balkans and the Scandinavian Peninsula in the north.
(2) the black sea, the Baltic Sea, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
(3) the ice, refers to the British Isles and Iceland.
60. Topography and climate in western Europe
The terrain of western Europe is divided into three parts, with mountains and plains alternating;
The surface is complicated and eroded by glaciers.
The climate is western, and the temperate ocean is obvious;
The east belongs to the temperate continent, and the remoteness of the ocean is decreasing;
Southern Mediterranean style, cool in summer and cold in winter in the north.
6 1, residents and countries in western Europe
Western Europe, more than 30 countries.
The smallest Vatican is called "pocket country".
Residents are white masters and the population growth is weak.
Industrial centers are dense, mostly developed countries.
Tourism is booming and there are many places of interest.