[Edit Paragraph]Overview
Effects: clearing heat; cool blood; diuretic; detoxification duckweed examination: from the Tang Materia Medica; Tang Materia Medica: 蔛 grass leaves rounded, like diarrhea and small, the flowers white. Mouth-watering, where there is. And: Jiangnan people with steamed fish food is very beautiful. May, month picking stems and leaves, storm drying. Family Classification: Ajugaaceae Indications: Colds and fever; cough and asthma; whooping cough; coughing up blood; vomiting blood; leakage; urinary blood; fever; dysentery; intestinal inflammation; intestinal carbuncle; dengtoxin; sores and swellings; sore throat; swollen gums; wind and fire; red eyes; venomous snake bites; poisonous mushrooms Ecology: Born in moist land or paddy fields. Efficacy Classification: Clearing heat and removing toxins Taste: Bitter; Cool Herbal Origin: The whole grass of Platycodon grandiflorum, family Amaryllidaceae. Usage and dosage for internal use: 15-30g of decoction (30-60g of fresh product); or pounded juice. Externally: appropriate amount, pounded Example: "Chinese Materia Medica"
[Edit Paragraph]Morphological Characteristics
The rhizome is very short, with soft fibrous roots. The stem is erect or obliquely upward, 12-35 centimeters high. The whole plant is smooth and glabrous, the leaves are basal or cauline, the shape of the leaf blade and the large duckweed is small varied, from cordate, broadly ovate, long ovate to lanceolate, 2 to 7 centimeters long, 0.8 to 5 centimeters wide, the apical tip of the short protruding tip or acuminate, the base is rounded or shallowly cordate, entire, with arcuate veins. Petiole 10 to 20 centimeters long, base enlarged into a dehiscent sheath. The sheaths are 2 to 4 centimeters long, with a ligule at the tip, about 0.7 to 1 centimeter long. Racemes are drawn from the middle of the petiole. There the petiole enlarges into a sheath. The peduncle is short, 1 to 1.5 cm long, with 1 lanceolate bract at the base. Inflorescences erect at anthesis, recurved in fruit, flowers usually 3 to 5 (rarely more than 10), or 1 to 3, blue. Tepals ovate-lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 1.5 cm, pedicels to 1 cm, 6 stamens. Capsule ovate to oblong, ca. 1 cm. Seeds numerous, ca. 0.1 cm, gray-brown, longitudinally striped.
[edit]Biological characteristics
(1) Dormancy and germinationThe seeds have a long dormancy period, which is lifted in early spring. Seed germination starting temperature of 13 ~ 15 ℃, slightly higher than the barnyard grass, variable temperature is favorable to germination, the optimal temperature of 20 ~ 25 ℃, 30 ℃ or more germination is inhibited. Duckweed is a typical aquatic weed, can be anoxic germination, sprouting duckweed hair need higher water, in the flooded or soil moisture supersaturation under the conditions of germination is better, wet conditions under the germination is slower, but the water layer of more than 1 cm or more, the germination and turn slow. Duckweed seeds are small, thousand grain weight is only 4% to 5% of barnyard grass, hypocotyl elongation is limited, can only shallow germination, to the soil layer of 0 to 1 cm germination is the best, 1 to 2 cm is worse, 2 cm can not be germinated below. (2) Nutritional growth duckweed plant is larger, the root system is shallow, need water, fertilizer, nutritional growth and temperature, water, light, fertility and close relationship. The optimum temperature for the growth of duckweed is 20～25℃. At this time, the water is suitable, every 3 ~ 4 days that is the growth of 1 piece of leaf, in late June to early July the most rapid growth. Duckweed grows best under conditions of supersaturated soil moisture or slightly thin water. Duckweed leaves are large, in the paddy field, diffuse light conditions can also be normal growth, but too much shade growth is poor, in the same piece of paddy field, rice plants between the duckweed and the center of the ditch, the field side of the duckweed biomass difference of more than one times, but due to the duckweed leaves are large and thin, direct light is too strong, but also is not conducive to the growth of the duckweed. Duckweed root system is shallow, the plant is larger, rapid growth, the amount of fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer is more, such as excessive use of fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer for fertilizer is more conducive to the absorption of duckweed root system. Duckweed leaves are fat and tender, easy to be attacked by a variety of pests, rice paddy frequent insect control and the use of broad-spectrum insecticides too much and too indiscriminate is also conducive to the growth of duckweed. (3) Flowering and fruiting of duckweed in July after the succession of flowering and fruiting, flowering and fruiting after the plant does not immediately wither still can continue to grow. Flowering and fruiting and light is closely related to the center ditch, field edge fruiting rate is higher. In the water-saturated state, the seed life of up to 2 years or more, in the dry soil life of 1 to 2 years, the soil layer of 2 to 3 centimeters below the longer life, the soil surface life is shorter. Distribution and harm duckweed distribution of the country, especially the Yangtze River Basin and the south of the serious harm, including rice and wheat cropping fields, irrigation and drainage conditions, stable irrigation water sources and high levels of fertilizer, especially fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer application of large amount of field damage is more serious. Duckweed and dwarf cichlid have similar ecological conditions, like water, like fertilizer, shade tolerance, often constituting a community, becoming an important weed combination in the middle and late damage to the paddy field.
[Editorial]Discussions
1.Nanning City Drugs: clearing heat, detoxification. Treatment of fever and dengteng, external treatment of swollen sores, snake bites. 2. "Jiangsu Materia Medica": treatment of dysentery and abdominal pain. Jiangxi "Herbal Manual": treat dysentery, enteritis, gum pus, acute tonsillitis, sore throat. 4. "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": relieve pain, away from the bone. Curing dental diseases. 5. "Tang Materia Medica": Mainly used for gasping and wheezing with violent fever, and for swelling of children's dan. 6. "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine": clearing liver and cooling blood.
[edit paragraph] Selection
①Treatment of vomiting blood: duckweed one to two taels. Stewed pig lean meat service. (Jiangxi "herbal medicine manual") ② treatment of white dysentery: duckweed appropriate amount, dried. Daily tea, served three to four days. ("Jiangsu Materia Medica") ③ treatment of boils: duckweed plus tung oil pounded on the affected area. (Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook") ③ tooth extraction: water yuzan two money, yuzan flower root two money, letter stone one money, a carp (about one catty). The first three medicines *** research fine powder, remove the fish intestinal miscellaneous, loaded with drugs sewing, hanging cool ventilated place about 50 days later, the fish scales can be born on the frost-like material, that is, the powder used. When used first slightly peeled gums, point on the drug (about a scale on the amount of medicine), a few moments later, the tooth can be pulled down. This medicine must not be swallowed to avoid poisoning. (Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine) ⑤ For snake and insect bites: fresh duckweed, pounded and applied. (Jiangxi Manual of Herbal Medicine)
[Edit Paragraph]Treatments
①Treatment of coughing up blood: fresh less flowers duckweed one to two. Pounded and twisted juice, mixing honey to take. Duck's tongue grass ② treatment of blood in the urine: fresh less flowers duck's tongue grass one to two two, fresh wick grass one to two two. Water decoction. ③ treatment of wind and fire red eyes: less flower duckweed fresh leaves, mashed external eye and face. ④ treatment of poison, carbuncle, treatment of sores: fresh less flowers duckweed appropriate amount. Pound it and apply it to the affected area (from "Fujian Chinese Herbal Medicine")
[Edit Paragraph]Efficacy
Clearing away heat and removing toxins. It is used to treat dysentery, enteritis, acute tonsillitis, gum abscess, salpingitis and boils. The first is the "Nanning City Drug Journal": clearing heat, detoxification. Treatment of fever and poisoning, external treatment of swollen sores, snake bites. ② "Jiangsu Materia Medica": dysentery abdominal pain. ③ Jiangxi "Herbal Handbook": dysentery, enteritis, gum abscess, acute tonsillitis, sore throat. ④ "Shaanxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": relieve pain, away from the bone. Cure dental diseases.
[edit]Duckweed Tea
Origin: "Jiangsu Medicinal Herb Journal" Ingredients: duckweed appropriate amount, sun-dried. Functions: clearing away heat and removing toxins. Indications: ① red and white dysentery. ② acute enteritis. Method: the duckweed washed and dried, take 15 to 24 grams per day (30 to 6O grams of fresh products), into the boiling water, cover and bubble 10 minutes, drink tea. Serve for 3 to 4 days. Usage: 1-2 doses daily. Generally take 3-8 days can be cured. Contraindication: Not recommended for cold diarrhea. Comment: Duckweed is a plant of family Yuzhuahua, synonym duck's mouth, duckweed, fragrant head of grass, pig's ear vegetable, fat pig grass, etc., mostly born in wet areas or rice paddies. Harvested in summer and fall, dried in the sun and spare, this product is cool and bitter, functioning to clear heat and detoxification. It is a folk medicine for dysentery, enteritis, acute tonsillitis, gum abscess, dengue, furuncle. According to "Jiangxi herbal medicine manual", the herb freshly pounded, can cure snake, insect bites; plus tung oil pounded, can cure hemorrhoids.
[Editorial]Identification
Trait identification
Root cylindrical, a few twisted, occasionally branched, 0.5-3cm in diameter. surface yellowish brown, with irregular longitudinal ribs, lenticels transverse, with branched root scars, embolism duckweed easy to fall off. Hard, bright yellow section, with chrysanthemum-like texture and fissure. Gas slightly, taste very bitter. Stem cylindrical, a few curved, diameter up to 3cm or more ancestors. The surface is dark gray-yellow to gray-green, with elevated nodal emblems, bright yellow cross-section, and pith in the center. Taste bitter. Leaves ovate or oblong, 11-23 cm long, 5.5-14 cm wide. dark grayish green to dark yellowish brown, apex mucronate, base rounded, entire, both surfaces glabrous, 3-5 veins off base, veins prominent on both surfaces, more conspicuous below; petiole 5-14 cm long, swollen at both ends, peltate bearing near base. Leathery and brittle. Gas and flavor faint. Roots and stems are best if they are thick and yellow in color on the broken surface.
Microscopic identification
Transverse section of the root: the cork layer has been detached, and the residual part is a few to more than 10 columns of columnar cells. The middle column sheath is a ring of stone cells. The bast rays are broad, duckweed funnel-shaped, with stone cells. The xylem is well developed and the surrounding thin-walled cells contain calcium oxalate square crystals. Stem cross section: cork layer usually consists of several broad and narrow bands of cork cells with a narrow cortex. The mesostylar sheath fibers are interspersed with stone cells and connected to clusters of stone cells in the ray sites in wavy rings. Vascular bundles of double tough cortex, rays and pith have single large stone cells scattered, stone cells with thick walls, laminae and pore grooves are obvious. The stone cells of roots and stems contain calcium oxalate square crystals, and the thin-walled cells contain starch grains. Leaf surface view: upper epidermal cells perpendicular wall undulate curved. The lower epidermal cells are irregularly polygonal, and the pericyclic wall is relatively straight; the stomata are indefinite. Both upper and lower epidermal cells contain fine calcium oxalate prismatic crystals. Leaf cross section: upper and lower epidermal cells oblong or square. Externally covered with cuticle. Fenestrated cells 1-lined. Pillar cells large, multi-branched, thick-walled, obvious laminae, through the leaf flesh tissue.