Simple process: Selection of beans → rinsing → scalding → soaking beans → spreading plate → germination → shelves or matting plate to see the light → harvest Pea seeds in the legume family, belong to the cotyledon to stay in the soil type. In soilless cultivation, the cotyledons and seed coat do not detach and remain on the substrate of the seedling tray, until the nutrients stored and accumulated inside the cotyledons are all used up and disintegrated, the hypocotyl does not elongate, and the germ grows to form the fat and tender seedling stems and true leaves. The root system is especially developed, its root system will form a thick "root felt", so in the harvest or food, knife cutting sickle will not take out the cotyledons and roots. Because the young pea seedlings of the stem and leaves and shoots are from the dry matter of pea seeds and the outside world to provide water absorption and transformation, so in the production process, generally do not need to spray a special nutrient solution.
The peas used in the production of pea seedlings can be selected from thick seed coat, small seeds with wrinkled hemp peas or more branched green peas, medium pea 4, medium pea 6, white jade peas. Green pea particles smaller, gray-green skin, high temperature resistance, vegetable quality is superior, not easy to fibrosis, sweet taste, taste better, but the growth rate is slower, disease resistance is a little worse, the finished product of the vegetable compound leaf is smaller, stem seedlings are slightly thin. Hemp pea particles are larger, the finished vegetable shoots and stems are particularly thick, compound leaves are very large, beautiful and beautiful, strong disease resistance, not easy to rot, the growth rate is particularly fast, but easy to fibrosis, taste is slightly poor. In principle, the requirements of the seeds without mold, no insect damage, no impurities, full of seeds, uniform size and consistency, purity and purity, germination rate should be more than 98%. Try not to buy and use yellow, white or green skin of large peas, these peas in production is easy to paste rotten seeds and rotten seedlings.
Selection of seeds for the production of pea seedlings is more critical compared to the production of other sprouts. Especially in summer production, it is important to use new seeds harvested in the year.
The high and low rates of pea germination, not only affects the yield of pea seedlings, the key to those who do not bud or bud slow peas, in the high temperature, high humidity conditions, will soon paste and rot, and even infection spread to the whole plate of pea seedlings, are unable to grow normally.
For pea seedling production, the purity of varieties is also crucial, because the purity is not enough, it will make the growth rate is not the same, pea seedlings will be tall and short untidy, seriously affect the appearance of the finished dish quality.
Before production, if necessary, available for manual screening and picking. As pea particles are larger, it is easier to eliminate insect infestation, mutilation, mold, rot, deformed seed beans. First with 55 ℃ of warm water (every 5 kg of seed beans, need 55 ℃ warm water 10 kg) will be peas scalding for about 15 minutes, both disinfection and sterilization (can effectively avoid the pea leaves of the brown streak disease and brown spot disease), but also to start the dormancy (because pea seed coat is thicker, sprouting is more difficult). Scald the peas with constant stirring, so that the seed peas are heated evenly. Then soak them in 25-28°C water's equivalent to 2-3 times the weight of the peas. The minimum water requirement of pea seeds is 186% of their own weight, and the soaking time requires about 6 to 24 hours (summer and fall season requires a short time; winter and early spring, requires a long time; shed or indoor temperature is high, requires a short time; shed or indoor temperature is low, requires a long time. During the soaking process, be careful to change the water 1 to 2 times, and the water temperature 25 to 28 ℃.) Wait until the seed beans fully absorb water and swell, folds disappear, inside the transparent seed coat can clearly see the bulging vertebral germ is appropriate.
Peas in the soaking, be sure not to use metal containers, especially iron products, otherwise, some peas are easy to soak in the dark brown, will be difficult to distinguish between the emergence of black mold rot beans in the production of picking out.
Seed peas soaked, with 1PPM of potassium permanganate solution for 20 minutes of disinfection, to prevent the production of pea seedlings most harmful to the production of root rot. After disinfection and then rinse the residual liquid with water. After soaking the seeds, once again rubbed off the mucus on the skin of the seed peas, has been rubbed to peas without sticky slippery feeling, no white foam in the water until, and then drained excess water, the seeds evenly spread to the plastic seedling tray (plastic seedling tray needs to be first laid on a layer of absorbent and water-holding, easy to deal with the residue of the production of toilet paper or clean and non-toxic newspapers, wrapping paper, etc., laying of the paper should be bigger than the bottom of the tray, because of the Pea seedlings have a well-developed root system and will be difficult to clean up after sticking into the eyelets. Before use, spray the laid paper with water so that it absorbs enough water and is fully wet, then drain off the excess water). After sowing, you can use your hand to repeatedly shake the seedling tray to the basic leveling, and then use a wooden scraper to evenly scrape the peas, scrape evenly, scrape the thickness of the same, tightly covered with seedling trays (the specific amount of seed, to the size of the seed pea particles and the germination rate of the high and low depending on the. Seed bean particles, thousand grains of heavy, low germination rate, the amount of seed per plate needs to be 0.45 kg or so; seed bean particles, thousand grains of light weight, high germination rate, the amount of seed per plate 0.35 kg or so), and then began to stack the plate germination. Every 10 plates for a stack, on the top, under each cover, pad a paved with wet sack pieces or white cotton cloth empty plastic seedling tray, in order to heat preservation, moisturizing, shading. Plate and plate should be placed on the right level, stacked square buckle tight, not crooked, not slanted, not to mention gaps. Between each stack of stacked disks to leave a space distance of 20 to 30 millimeters, in order to enhance ventilation and air permeability, conducive to the uniformity of the germination; ten thousand can not be every stack of disks and every stack of disks next to each other, so as not to cause the air depressions, affecting the normal growth of pea seedlings.
The temperature of the shed during the germination period is maintained between 18 and 23 degrees Celsius.
Spray water with a spray can 2 to 3 times a day, the amount of water sprayed to peas and substrate spray wet, seedling tray is not a large amount of outward flow of water, do not store water is appropriate. At the same time in each spray water will be up and down, front and back, left and right position of the seedling tray to switch, in order to make its light and temperature consistency, to achieve the requirements of neat and consistent germination.
In each spraying, pay attention to: if you find a paste rotting seed beans, to timely use tweezers to take out and throw away, and even around the sticky paste sticking to the seed beans are also taken out and thrown away, and with the putrefactive 1 gram of 20 ~ 24 ℃ of warm water 15 kg on the whole plate of bean seedlings (especially the source of the disease at the) to spray disinfection to avoid enlarging the spread of infection, to prevent the rotting of the seedling and the white and black mold decay, and at the same time can also effectively avoid the emergence of root maggot phenomenon (to prevent root maggots, but also pay attention to avoid high temperature).
The humidity at this stage should be maintained at about 80%. If the humidity is too high, peas are very easy to mold and rot, so in the necessary ventilation and dehumidification at the same time, but also conscious of peas diligently rinsed or soaked, flushed, so as to avoid the seed beans stink, sticky.
Spraying water temperature should be controlled between 18 to 25 ℃, in order to make the peas normal rapid sprouting and growth, pay attention not to use less than 14 ℃, or higher than 28 ℃ of water for spraying. Because too low temperature water spraying, will lead to pea seedlings obvious sprouting and slow growth, easy to fibrous, grow into, tall and short, and even inedible; and too high temperature water spraying, and will cause sprouting futile, pea seedlings are too slender, easy to cause late collapse, at the same time, the edible taste will be seriously deteriorated.
In the hot summer, take the simple greenhouse production, if the shed temperature is really difficult to fall below 30 ℃, while pea seed buds and mold serious, can be the early end of the stacking plate germination, can not be smothered by high temperature and humidity. But out of the plate on the shelf or the floor plate production, must be covered with shade net or black plastic film, shade and moisturizing, and pay attention to increase the number of times of spraying to ensure that the growth of pea seedlings neat and consistent. In addition, in order to prevent the emergence of sudden collapse disease of bean seedlings at this time, or because the bean seedlings are too slender and weak and disease infection triggered by the collapse, can be in the seedling height of 20 ~ 30 mm, take 2PPM of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or the same concentration of urea, spraying, can be sprayed for two days in a row, once a day, to replenish the nutrients required for seed beans, so that the seedling stems are thick and sturdy, and to promote the greening of its greening, to avoid the yellowing of the. After about 48 hours of stacked plate germination, pea seedlings can grow to 30 to 40 mm, which can be placed on the nursery plate to the three-dimensional cultivation frame. If the space area is large, can not invest in the preparation of three-dimensional frame, and will be directly one by one seedling tray flat placed on the ground.
In order to make pea seedlings from the dark, high humidity stacked tray germination environment, a smooth transition to the light put green in the cultivation process, can be the first in the air humidity is relatively stable in the middle of the shed room in the middle of the low-light zone or the back of the low-light zone, exercise to adapt to a day, and then formally move to the middle of the light zone, the strong light zone.
The temperature at this stage should be maintained between 18 to 23 ℃; humidity should be maintained at about 80%. Note that rainy, foggy and snowy weather or shed indoor temperature is lower, humidity is greater, can be sprayed at longer intervals, spraying less water; sunny weather, shed indoor temperature is higher, humidity is smaller, spraying intervals can be appropriately shorter, spraying appropriately larger amount of water. In short, pea seedlings should always be kept moist, bud stem or compound leaves as soon as dry, you need to spray.
In pea seedlings between 30 and 80 millimeters high, the amount of water spray must be large, and to spray through, to the bottom of the plate obviously "wow" running water is appropriate. Seedling height of 80 millimeters or more, because of its well-developed roots, has been intertwined, there is no gap, has been able to maintain sufficient water, then the water is big, but it is easy to root nest water, resulting in rotting roots and seedlings, so at this time, the finer lotus nozzle or sprayer can be used for less but diligent spraying, spray to the stems and leaves, and always keep it wet. Must be diligent, because in the bean seedling all exposed to see the light put green, the growth rate is particularly fast, water evaporation is also particularly fast, it must be timely to replenish the water it needs, so as not to bean seedling drying and withering.
If the local requirements of buds and stems thick, compound leaves fat, can be in the bud length of 60 mm or so, take the rootless agent and thickening agent 20 ml each, to 20 ~ 24 ℃ warm water 20 kg, with a sprayer spray once.
During the growth of pea seedlings, it is important to note that the light is not too strong, try to control between 2000 to 3000 lux (LX), so that the first section of pea seedlings low, can not be subjected to prolonged exposure to too much light, especially pea seedlings and at the same time the lack of water and drought, it is very easy to make the pea seedlings fiber content, quality decline, affecting the taste of food, or even inedible. But the light can not be too weak, especially at the same time the shed indoor humidity is too high (air relative humidity try not to exceed 80%, otherwise it is very easy to cause disease), it is easy to make pea seedlings grow weak, or even collapse, rot. Also pay attention to the pea seedlings to the light, found that pea seedlings bent in one direction when the growth, in a timely manner will be the disk, or before and after, or left and right, or up and down to change the position, in order to make the pea seedlings out of the straight and upright and tall neat and consistent.
Production must pay attention to control the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse, the necessary ventilation to avoid rotting seedlings. In the unlikely event of rotting seedlings, can be harvested early; rotting seedlings are serious, it is necessary to destroy them in a timely manner. The minimum temperature inside the shed should not be lower than 14 ℃, below 14 ℃ to immediately take measures to increase the temperature; the temperature inside the shed is higher than 35 ℃, it should be immediately shaded, ventilated or indoor water spraying, spraying to reduce the temperature. Specific warming and cooling measures, see "green soybean sprouts production technology".
Two to three days before harvest, in order to increase the chlorophyll of pea seedlings, available 2PPM of urea, spraying its leaves, the effect is very good. Seedling height 100 ~ 150 mm, the lower half of the pea seedling milky white crystal, the upper half of the pea seedling light yellow-green, neat and consistent, no rotting neck, no rotting stems, no dead leaves; which is bearing scale-like leaflets, the first leaves are not unfolded, tender and bright; with a pea flavor fragrance, no odor.
The root felt of pea seedlings can be used as fodder for cattle, sheep, pigs and other livestock, and can also be composted as organic fertilizer, applied to the field.
Plastic seedling trays recycled back, to use 10 grams of rot fungus clear to 20 ~ 24 ℃ warm water 25 kg, soak for more than half an hour, disinfection and sterilization.
Every week, 10 grams of carbendazim should be used to 10 kg of warm water at 20 to 24 degrees Celsius to disinfect the production place by spraying.
In the pea seedling production process, to address the cause of the disease, more control of temperature, humidity and ventilation and other ecological disease prevention methods to solve the problem, as far as possible, do not use chemical pesticides to prevent and treat disease.
Because the pea seedlings now around the market, in order to maintain its fresh and beautiful and easy to store, are generally wholesale, or directly supplied to restaurants, hotels, etc., and no longer by the producer of harvested plastic boxes or bags, as a net market, so a sowing, harvest three times the regeneration of the technology, has been used very little, in order to adapt to some of the local readers here, we will incidentally a sowing and harvesting! Technology related notes are introduced: If you plan to sow three harvests at a time, you should start from the first crop cut before 2 to 3 days, every day, combined with water spray, plus spraying a ternary compound fertilizer, every 10 grams of ternary compound fertilizer to 10 kg of water, you can spray more than 80 trays of pea seedlings; the first and second crop cut, pay attention not to cut pea seeds or destroy the substrate, so as not to lead to the buds can not be re-growth and caused by rotting, generally Cut the surface of the pea grain more than 10 millimeters, that is, leaving an axillary bud or a branch, but be careful not to leave more than two branches, so as not to affect the growth cycle of pea seedlings and product quality; timely pick out has been paste and decay of the bean grain, so as not to cause the occurrence and spread of disease; cut, it is about to be put into 5000 ~ 7000 lux (LX) light cultivation to promote the first axillary bud or branch Growth; 2 days after the axillary buds or branches obviously elongated, can be moved to 2000 ~ 3000 lux (LX) light cultivation, at this time, if the light intensity is low, the axillary buds or branches grow slowly and thin, but if the light intensity is too strong or a long time in the cultivation of strong light, the pea seedling fiber content increases, the quality declines. Whether the peas you use, of course, can be sown in one crop or three depends largely on how much nutrients are accumulated and stored in the seeds themselves. If the first crop cut, the seed is still very hard, it means that the nutrients in the seed, has not been completely converted into loss, there are still nutrients can continue to provide to the growth of sprouts. The growth temperature is controlled at 18 to 23 ℃, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at about 80%. Spray 2 to 3 times per day and night. Generally the first crop of 40 to 50% of the total yield (best quality), the second crop of about 30% of the total yield (better quality), the third crop of about 20% of the total yield (poor quality).
Pea seedlings are more adaptable, for beginners, as long as the quality of pea seeds, control the temperature and humidity of the greenhouse or indoor, while paying attention to some of the other matters related to our aforementioned, the production of high-quality and high-yield pea seedlings is not a very difficult thing