Selenium, as an essential trace element for human body, has an extremely important therapeutic effect on diabetes. The most important biological function of selenium is anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals, and supplementing proper selenium is helpful to improve the insulin free radical defense system and the metabolic function of endocrine cells, which provides a new basis for preventing diabetic complications. In addition, selenium can also improve the blood viscosity of diabetes, delay the occurrence of diabetic complications and improve the prognosis of diabetes.
Selenium is the active component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent the oxidative damage of islet β cells, make them function normally, promote sugar metabolism, and reduce blood sugar and urine sugar. In addition, selenium not only has insulin-like effect, but also has synergistic effect with insulin, which makes the role of selenium in the pathogenesis of diabetes more noticeable.
Therefore, diabetics can eat more selenium-enriched foods, such as fish, mushrooms, sesame seeds, garlic, mustard and so on.
With the change of people's lifestyle and diet structure, the incidence of diabetes is rising, which has become a common and frequently-occurring disease in middle-aged and elderly people. Because it is a lifelong metabolic disease, it is often complicated with many diseases, which has a great impact on the health and quality of life of patients. In addition to routine medication, diabetic patients eat more fruits and vegetables, and their hypoglycemic effect can also receive certain results.
First, pumpkins
Eating pumpkin and starchy food together will increase the viscosity of stomach contents and delay the emptying of stomach. Pectin will form a gelatinous substance after fully absorbing water in the intestine, which can delay the absorption of sugar in the intestine and reduce postprandial blood sugar. In addition, pumpkin is rich in trace element cobalt, which is necessary for human islet cells to synthesize insulin, and can promote insulin secretion and lower blood sugar.
Second, bitter gourd
Bitter gourd is known as "plant insulin". Pharmacological experiments show that momordica charantia saponin contained in momordica charantia not only has similar effect to insulin, but also stimulates the release of insulin, which has a very obvious hypoglycemic effect. Some people take momordica charantia saponin preparation orally to treat type ⅱ diabetes. Therefore, proper intake of bitter gourd by diabetic patients is beneficial to control blood sugar.
Fourth, onions.
It is sweet and smooth, and it is a good vegetable that people like. Onion not only contains substances that stimulate the synthesis and secretion of insulin, but also has an auxiliary therapeutic effect on diabetes. Prostaglandin A and thiamine acid contained in onion have the functions of dilating blood vessels, regulating blood lipid and preventing arteriosclerosis. Therefore, it is most suitable for diabetic patients with dyslipidemia. The method is to use onion 1 00g, add soy sauce after boiling, once a day.
Five, cucumber
Sweet and cool, sweet and crisp, it has the function of clearing away heat and quenching thirst. Modern pharmacological research shows that the sugar content of cucumber is only 1.6%, and it is a common substitute food for diabetic patients, from which vitamin C, carotene, cellulose and minerals can be obtained. Propanoic acid contained in cucumber can inhibit the conversion of sugar into fat in human body. Obese diabetics with hypertension should eat 100g cucumber every day, which is of great benefit.
Six, spinach
Sweet and cold, quenching thirst and moistening dryness, it is the best vegetable for adjuvant treatment of diabetes. The common method is to wash spinach 60g, chicken gizzard-membrane 15g and tremella 20g, add appropriate amount of water, eat vegetables and drink soup after cooking, twice a day.
Lentils are rich in soluble cellulose, which can reduce blood sugar, triglycerides and harmful cholesterol. Boil lentils 30 ~ 50g 1 time a day, which has a good effect on diabetes complicated with dyslipidemia. [ 1]
Seven, coix seed
Sweet in taste and slightly cold in nature, it is a dual-purpose medicine and food for invigorating lung and spleen, diuresis and dehumidification. Modern pharmacological research shows that coix seed has the function of lowering blood sugar, especially suitable for obese diabetes mellitus complicated with hypertension.
Eight, okra
Okra is a plant, native to Africa. It is rich in protein, vitamins, calcium and so on. It can improve eyesight, prevent cataracts, protect liver, nourish stomach and prevent constipation. The absorption of calcium is higher than that of milk. It can also lower blood pressure and treat diabetes.
Ingredients: 400g okra, one red pepper and one yellow pepper each, canned lobster sauce and herring, salt and sugar.
Practice: Wash the okra and pepper, cut the head first, then slice it, put oil in a hot pot, add half of lobster sauce and shad, stir-fry with okra pepper slices for 2-3 minutes, and season.
Whole grain for lowering blood sugar
Zetangmi-low sugar conversion and rich in linolenic acid (the first choice of staple food for diabetics)
Buckwheat-Lowering blood sugar, blood pressure and blood fat.
Oats-reduce the body's demand for insulin and prevent complications.
Corn-lowering blood sugar and losing weight
Coix seed-prevention and treatment of complications
Black rice-prevention and mitigation of complications
Soybean-lowering blood sugar and urine sugar
Black beans-regulating blood sugar metabolism
Mung Bean-Adjuvant Treatment of Diabetes and Obesity
Cowpea-promotes insulin secretion and strengthens sugar metabolism.
Vegetables that can lower blood sugar
Pepper-significantly reduces blood sugar.
Pumpkin-Slow down the absorption of sugar
Bitter gourd-"plant insulin"
Aloe vera-continuously reduces blood sugar concentration.
Amorphophallus konjac-effective control of postprandial hyperglycemia
Wax gourd-inhibits the conversion of sugar into fat
Onions promote insulin secretion.
Asparagus-lowering blood sugar to prevent and treat hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
Lentinus edodes-lowering blood pressure, blood lipid and blood sugar
Bean sprouts-control the increase of blood sugar after meals
Carrots-Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy
Chinese Cabbage-Delaying Postprandial Blood Sugar Rise
Kelp-obviously lowers blood sugar and protects islet cells.
Leek-lowering blood sugar and blood lipid
Cucumber-hydrating and lowering blood sugar
Volvariella volvacea-reducing plasma cholesterol content
Tricholoma-regulating sugar metabolism and assisting in controlling blood sugar.
Flammulina velutipes-can reduce or delay the occurrence of diabetic complications.
Coprinus comatus-hypoglycemic
White radish-contains active ingredients that can lower blood sugar.
Eggplant-can prevent complications
Zucchini-promote human insulin secretion and regulate blood sugar.
Chinese kale-lowering postprandial blood sugar
Spinach-keep blood sugar stable
Amaranth-reduce the occurrence of complications
Pteridium aquilinum-improving patients' condition
Water spinach-contains "plant insulin" ingredients.
Undaria pinnatifida-lowering blood sugar and blood lipid
Cactus-avoid excessive accumulation of glucose in the body.
Portulaca oleracea-regulating sugar metabolism and lowering blood sugar
Cabbage-An Ideal Food for Diabetic Patients
Cauliflower-Improve glucose tolerance and blood lipid.
Bamboo shoots-stabilizing postprandial blood sugar
Meat that can lower blood sugar
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus-lowering blood sugar, effectively preventing and treating diabetes complicated with osteoporosis.
Monopterus albus-the effect of lowering blood sugar is very significant.
Clam meat-effectively regulating sugar metabolism and preventing complications
Pig pancreas-chemical structure similar to human insulin, mainly used to quench thirst.
Squid-improve patients' symptoms and prevent complications.
Black-bone chicken-effective prevention of diabetes and autism
Carp regulates endocrine metabolism of patients.
Beef-Improve the efficiency of insulin anabolism and prevent cardiovascular complications.
Hypoglycemic effect of silkworm chrysalis
Fourth, energy-saving and blood sugar-lowering fruits
Grapefruit —— Preventing Diabetic Microvascular Complications
Cherry-increases the content of insulin in human body and lowers blood sugar.
Strawberry-an auxiliary hypoglycemic agent
Apples-prevent blood sugar from rising and falling sharply.
Olive-prevention of diabetic complications
Fig-improving human immunity
Watermelon is a safe and nutritious fruit for diabetics.
Hami melon-suitable for patients with diabetic nephropathy
Peaches-Reduce the postprandial blood sugar level of patients.
Litchi-contains substances that can lower blood sugar.
Kiwifruit-Regulating Glucose Metabolism and Preventing Cardiovascular Diseases
Pineapple-lowering blood sugar level
Dried fruit for lowering blood sugar
Cashew nuts-prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications
Walnut-Lowering blood sugar and preventing cardiovascular complications.
Peanut-Prevention of Cardiovascular Complications
Watermelon seed-prevention of peripheral nerve dysfunction in patients
Pumpkin seeds-reduce or delay the occurrence of complications
Edible edible oils, beverages and condiments.
Olive oil-preventing and delaying the occurrence of diseases
Sesame oil-controlling the increase of cholesterol in human blood
Sunflower seed oil-prevention of "three high" diseases
Ginger-preventing cataract caused by diabetes
Green tea-lowers blood sugar and helps patients recover.
Black tea-keep blood sugar stable and help female patients prevent osteoporosis.
Garlic-significantly reduces blood sugar.
Vinegar-lowering postprandial blood sugar
Dual-purpose hypoglycemic food and other safe food.
Astragalus membranaceus-can improve diabetic nephropathy.
Jerusalem artichoke-reducing blood lipid and controlling blood sugar
Hawthorn —— Preventing the occurrence of complications
Lotus seed-effective for patients with polyuria.
Polygonatum odoratum-repairing islet function
Pueraria lobata-prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications
Chinese yam-can control the rise of blood sugar after meals.
Polygonatum sibiricum-prevention of diabetes complicated with cardiovascular diseases
Rehmannia glutinosa-improving insulin resistance in patients
Platycodon grandiflorum-significant hypoglycemic effect
Cortex Lycii-Lowering blood sugar and controlling diseases.
Ginseng-enhancing immunity
Propolis-two-way regulation of blood sugar
Royal jelly-lowering blood sugar and promoting insulin secretion
Camel milk-hypoglycemic
Although sugar-free cake does not contain sucrose, but the cake is made of starch, it will also generate heat, so you can't eat more casually; Diabetic patients must avoid sugar (white sugar, brown sugar, glucose, fruit candy, maltose, milk candy, chocolate and honey) and sugar products (candied fruit, canned fruit, all kinds of sugary drinks, sugar cakes, jams and preserved fruits). These foods will lead to a rapid rise in blood sugar levels, which will directly aggravate the condition and interfere with the treatment of diabetes.
The first main principle of diabetes diet is to control diet, so as to achieve better results. Low sugar is actually eating less or not eating food that can easily lead to high blood sugar. For example, sugary foods, such as candy, soda, cola, candied fruit, honey, sugary drinks and various Chinese and western desserts, should be eaten less; If you like sweets, it is recommended to use saccharin or aspartame as a substitute sugar to flavor. In addition, foods with high starch content should also be restricted, such as sweet potato, potato, taro, corn, water chestnut, sesame seed cake, roasted vegetables and radish cake. Especially all kinds of new year's food, such as zongzi, moon cakes and rice cakes, are especially taboo for diabetics.
The second main principle of diabetes diet is to eat less food that is too sweet, too salty and too oily, and it is best not to eat it. Because obesity is the enemy of diabetes, and the probability of diabetic patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is higher than that of the general population, it is very important to control the intake of oil. In addition, eat less fried, fried, crispy and high-fat foods, such as fat, pigskin, pine nuts, walnuts, peanuts and so on. At the same time, we should control meat food, reduce the intake of animal fat, and use vegetable oil to cook food. In addition, some foods with high cholesterol content, such as animal viscera, egg yolk and seafood, should also be eaten less. As far as cooking is concerned, we should try our best to use light and less oily methods, such as stewing, roasting, marinating, braising in soy sauce, steaming, boiling and cold salad.
Foods that can easily raise blood sugar: white sugar, brown sugar, rock sugar, glucose, maltose, honey, chocolate, toffee, fruit candy, candied fruit, canned fruit, soft drinks, fruit juice, sweet drinks, jam, ice cream, sweet biscuits, cakes, sweet bread and sweets made of sugar.
Diabetic patients should not drink alcohol. Because the alcohol contained in the wine contains no other nutrients and only provides heat energy, the heat generated by each gram of alcohol is about 7 kilocalories and 294 joules. Long-term drinking is not good for the liver, and it is easy to cause the increase of serum triglycerides. A few patients who take sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs are prone to palpitation, shortness of breath and blushing after drinking. Drinking alcohol on an empty stomach is easy to cause hypoglycemia in insulin patients. For the safety of patients, it is best not to drink alcohol.
Diabetes is not suitable for smoking. Long-term smoking is likely to increase the "bad cholesterol" that causes damage to blood vessels, make blood vessels contract, thicken the wall, narrow the lumen, slow down blood flow, make blood vessels spasm, increase blood viscosity, cause tissue ischemia and hypoxia, aggravate cardiovascular and microvascular diseases, and make diabetic patients "worse". The most common disease is diabetic microangiopathy, which causes thrombosis of microvessels and great vessels, retinopathy, decreased vision, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic foot and other diseases. [2]
People with diabetes should eat less or no fruit. Because fruit contains more carbohydrates, mainly glucose, sucrose and starch. Rapid digestion and absorption after eating will lead to a rapid increase in blood sugar, which is not good for diabetic patients. Therefore, diabetic patients generally should not eat more fruits. But because fruit contains more pectin, pectin can delay the absorption of glucose, so you can eat less fruit when your condition is stable. Choose the principle of low sugar when eating fruit. At the same time, according to its sugar content, calculate its heat energy. Convert it into staple food, reduce or deduct the amount of staple food, and keep the total calories unchanged. Fruit should not be eaten at every meal, and it is generally appropriate to take a small amount when blood sugar drops between meals. There is a nutrient composition table, which should be selected according to the condition.
The cholesterol content in the diet should be limited. When the condition of diabetic patients is not well controlled, it is easy to increase serum cholesterol, which will lead to diabetic vascular complications, diabetic coronary heart disease and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the intake of cholesterol in the diet of diabetic patients, and it is generally advocated that the limit of cholesterol is below 300 mg per day.