Cutting most-favored-nation (MFN) tariffs to zero could solve the "spaghetti bowl" problem (at least in terms of import duties, if non-tariff measures cannot be eliminated). Preferences are relative to MFN tariffs, and if the latter are reduced to zero, so are the former. Preferential trade agreements provide for discriminatory preferential treatment, thus leading to the problem of the "spaghetti bowl" effect if old preferential trade agreements cannot be eliminated and new ones cannot be prohibited. One remedy for this problem is the indirect dismantling of those agreements through the effective reduction of most-favored-nation (MFN) tariffs and non-tariff measures in multilateral trade negotiations.