(1) The first onset of menopause.
(2) Mental disorders are mainly depression, anxiety and nervousness, and there may be hallucinations, hypochondriacs, nothingness, self-blame, victimization, jealousy and other delusions.
(3) Most of them are accompanied by insomnia, physical discomfort, autonomic nerve dysfunction and other symptoms, as well as endocrine, especially hypogonadism and aging.
(4) Generally, there is no mental retardation.
What factors are related to the onset of menopausal mental disorder?
The pathogenesis of menopausal mental disorder is not completely clear, which may be related to endocrine dysfunction, pre-illness personality, mental stimulation and genetic factors.
(1) Biological factors: After women enter menopause, ovarian function gradually declines and estrogen secretion decreases. The negative feedback inhibition of estrogen on pituitary and hypothalamus is weakened, and the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in pituitary is increased, which makes the nervous system, especially the brain and limbic system, suffer from neurotransmitter metabolism disorder. The concentration of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin changes, causing emotional disorders. On the other hand, the decrease of the proportion of estrogen and progesterone will cause a series of physical symptoms, such as reproductive tract atrophy and increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. These changes or diseases may in turn affect the nervous system, resulting in or aggravating mental disorders.
(2) Psychological factors: More and more studies have confirmed that personality characteristics are closely related to menopausal symptoms. Van Keep divides people's ways of coping with various events into four modes: appropriate behavior coping mode, type A personality coping mode, neurotic personality coping mode and highly reactive coping mode. Women with neurotic personality are very sensitive to changes in their menstruation, fertility and sexual function. Once these functions are reduced or lost, it will cause serious anxiety and show a series of mental symptoms. We studied a group of women with menopausal syndrome, and found that those with severe symptoms have a greater proportion of neurotic personality.
(3) Socio-cultural factors: Individuals with different cultural backgrounds have different values and have different views on the significance of menstruation, fertility, sex, sterilization, menopause and old age. Some ethnic groups, such as Laput women, long for menopause, old age and termination of reproductive function, which they think indicates the improvement of social status; For another example, women of some ethnic groups in Islam can only drink, chat and participate in other social activities like men after menopause, termination of childbearing and old age, so they are more willing to spend menopause as soon as possible. Women with this cultural background will hardly feel obvious discomfort during menopause, but feel relaxed and happy mentally. Bad life events are another factor leading to menopausal mental symptoms. Menopause often faces energy loss, unresponsiveness, retirement, children leaving home, husbands or relatives getting sick or dying. In addition, physical quality, economic status, social status, cultural literacy, social support system, mood and so on have certain effects on the occurrence of diseases and the relief of symptoms.