Cantaloupe cultivated in plastic greenhouses is a new species added to the vegetable production in Haicheng City's protected areas. It has simple technology, high economic benefits, and is suitable for large-scale production. The main cultivation techniques are as follows:
1. Rebellion of suitable varieties and cultivating strong seedlings
The melon varieties cultivated in plastic greenhouses must It has the characteristics of low temperature resistance in the early stage, high temperature resistance in the later stage, good firmness, early maturity, high yield and high quality. Practice over the past few years has proven that Qitian No. 1, Baitang Can, Long Tian No. 1, Elizabeth and Huang Daozi can all be cultivated.
The seedlings should be raised in a warm and sunny environment. Generally, it is more suitable to raise seedlings at the beginning of spring in the lunar calendar. First, carry out seed treatment and remove impurities from the seeds. Dry in the sun for 1-2 days, soak the seeds in 50°C warm water for 10 minutes, stir while pouring the water. When the water temperature drops to 30°C, soak the seeds for 4 hours, then drain the seeds, pack them in clean wet cloth bags, and put them in the pot. For germination in the pot, the germination temperature should be within the range of 250-30°C and washed twice a day. After 36 hours, the seeds can be sown directly into the nutrient bag after the tips are exposed. If the seedlings are planned to be planted in early March, the seedlings should be hardened half a month before planting. The method of hardening seedlings reduces the temperature in the room and increases ventilation. Generally, the daytime temperature should be lower than 20°C, and the nighttime temperature should not be higher than 10°C, and the temperature must be gradually lowered.
2. Improve planting and plant reasonably densely
Generally, the seedling age of cantaloupe cultivated in greenhouses is about 55 days. Seedlings raised around the beginning of spring should be planted in about late March. Before planting, In the auspicious month of production, cover the ground with film and deep plow at the same time. Apply 5,000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed base fertilizer and 10 kilograms of diammonium phosphate per mu, and then make a 0.65-meter border. Plant two rows in each border with a plant spacing of 30 centimeters. It can also be made into ridges of 60 cm, and the area between the two ridges can be covered with 2,500 seedlings. Since the outside temperature is low during this period and cold currents often invade, it is best to cover the plants with mulch and small arches during planting, and then cover them with a second layer of paper quilt at night.
3. Pruning and topping
If the greenhouse cantaloupe is not framed, the pruning method of leaving vines on both sides is mainly used. It starts when the two tongue leaves of the seedlings unfold. Topping. In order to go to market early, only one melon is left on each branch and vines, and 4 leaves are left on the melon for topping, and any sprouts are removed when they appear.
4. Fertilization, irrigation and pest control
Fertilization of cantaloupe is mainly based on base fertilizer. When the 4 leaves are torn and buckled, in order to promote the occurrence of vines and the initial development of fruits, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate can be topdressed per acre, and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves. After the first harvest of melons, decomposed water and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied per acre.
In principle, the irrigation of cantaloupe should be controlled, and no watering will be done unless there is drought. Watering can be done four times throughout the growth period. After the first planting to slow down the seedlings; for the second time, water before the first flower blooms; for the third time, water for expansion when the melon grows to the size of an egg; for the fourth time, water the leaves 10 days before harvesting. Face water.
Prevention and control of pests and diseases: Focusing on prevention, when planting, use 70% dimethonin in a ratio of 1:5 to prepare medicinal soil, apply it into ammonium, or use biopesticide pesticide 120 for irrigation Roots to prevent blight and other root diseases. Grafting seedlings can also be used to prevent and control fusarium wilt, and the rootstock is southern black pumpkin. Aphids can be treated with Xaphid No. 2 developed by Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.
5. Harvesting
The earliest harvest time for greenhouse cantaloupe is June 2. If it is a grafted cantaloupe, it can be harvested about a week earlier. The first crop will bear fruit on June 20. The yield per mu can reach 2,500 kilograms. The initial price is 10 yuan/kg, and the average price is 6 yuan/kg. The output value per mu can reach 7,500 yuan, and the net income per mu is 6,000 yuan.