The Manchu people are mainly concentrated in the northern part of China, and have a history of several thousand years. The Manchus have their own language and script, and have established local and national governments many times in history. The ancestors of the Manchus lived in the cold north, the survival environment is harsh, cultivated a strong body. Production and lifestyle to nomadic, fishing and hunting, shaping the Manchu people advocate martial arts, since childhood martial arts custom.
The traditional health care experience of the Manchu people is a summary of the experience of the ancestors of the Manchu people in the long-term production and life, respect for nature, adapt to the environment, prevention and treatment of disease, maintenance of life and health, and its main feature is to pay attention to the daily maintenance of the prevention of disease, without the use of gold and stone medicines, treatment and treatment, focusing on the tonic, therapeutic food and medicine, and exercise and health care. It has the ethnic characteristics and cultural practices of the Manchu people.
During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu emperors and royal family will be Manchu working people's long-term production and life practices, the prevention and treatment of disease and health care awareness, "eat mountain by mountain, eat water by water" food culture, frugal and pragmatic habits, the cultural practices of the northern ethnic groups, the traditional health care experience accumulated by generations of Manchu forefathers, by bringing into the court of the Qing Dynasty. Qing dynasty court, the continuation of the development of heritage in the court.
In Chinese history, emperors and kings pursued immortality, taking gold and stone pills to prolong their lives, and even wanted to become immortal. Emperor Qin Shi Huang sent Han Feng and Xu Fu to lead a team to spend huge sums of money on expeditions to seek the medicine of immortality. Eastern Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty emperors revered alchemy to take elixir. Ge Hong of the Jin Dynasty was good at alchemy and wrote "Hug Park Zi", which discussed the reasoning of alchemy and the method of alchemy for longevity. Ming dynasty Jiajing dynasty, the palace has an alchemy room, Jiajing emperor had concentrated on monasticism, alchemy in order to seek immortality. But never achieved health, immortality wishes, and even because of taking pills and early death.
Qing Palace medical case complete record of the Qing dynasty court two hundred and eighty-one years in the court of Manchu emperors and aristocrats in the medical and lifestyle details file, there is no court alchemy and the royal nobility to take medicinal records. A large number of medical cases confirmed that the Manchu emperors continued the traditional health care practices of the Manchu people, inherited the health care experience and methods, rich in content, mainly focusing on tonic life, focusing on conditioning. Methods include dietary regimen, tonic life, prescription medicines, medicinal wines, "hold in" ginseng, sitting soup bath, exercise and so on.
The Manchu people in the long-term production and life of the accumulated experience of drug tonic and regimen of health care, many methods. The traditional Manchu medicine and medicinal dietary regimen is widely used in the court. There are a large number of health care prescriptions in the palace. Kangxi, Qianlong, Cixi and other Manchu emperors and aristocrats commonly used health care products, such as eight treasures cake, tortoise set, Qiongyu cream, pine wine and other preparations, different flavors, each with its own characteristics. Regardless of the prescription or wine, focusing on tonifying the spleen and stomach, cultivate the essence, or fill the essence of the marrow. It is mostly used for weak spleen and stomach, deficiency of qi and blood, insufficient innate endowment, excessive depletion after birth, coldness in the lower part, and weakness of waist and knees. Among them, the use of more is to use the traditional Manchu spleen and stomach or tonifying the kidney to help Yang drugs, such as ginseng, antler, poria, yam, especially to tonify the kidneys as much as the inheritance of the traditional medicine of the Manchu people to supplement and regulate the method of health care.
The ancestors of the Manchu people have always been famous for hunting, so it can be called "horseback nation". In the cold north of China, the Manchu ancestors to resist and adapt to the cold and harsh natural environment, in the production of life, resistance to war and gradually created some unique sports and health ways. The long hunting tradition of the Manchu people has forged their perseverance, valor and warlike character. During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, the Manchu ancestors developed the "foot shooting" into riding shooting, and the "riding shooting" was the best way to invigorate the muscles and bones, make the qi and blood clear and smooth, and strengthen the body. "Riding and shooting" became the gold, the Qing dynasty "national custom".
Hunting is a Manchu emperor's biocurriculum. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, in accordance with his grandfather, Emperor Kangxi, "practicing martial arts practice," the saint's instructions for several decades, insisted that the annual line of the siege, with the patrol, the people's situation, supervise the officials, exercise the body, and promote the health. Manchu generations inherited the experience of exercise and health, according to the "Chinese Palace Medicine" records: "Empress Dowager Cixi in the evening meal, often in the bedchamber before and after the patrol walk, and sometimes let the power of the castrate Li Lianying and other companions, until the two more times square into the bedchamber."
Manchu ancestors in the long-term practice of life gradually summarized the food or medicinal herbs soak or decoction when the tea to drink, you can quench the thirst can also prevent and cure diseases, this tea has become a common drink of Manchu folk. So far, Manchu folk still use northern schizandra, ginseng, chrysanthemum, wolfberry, hawthorn, brahmi, etc. to soak water for daily drinking, prevention and treatment of diseases, the custom of strengthening the body. Qing dynasty Manchu improved the traditional drink method and usage, production of various types of therapeutic and health care functions of the tea drink.
The Qing dynasty palace tea drinks more types, a wide range of applications, some for therapeutic use, after the disease conditioning, and even for the rescue of critically ill people. Palace of internal, external, gynecological and pediatric departments are used to replace the tea drink. Because of the tea drink party small, good taste, the court is very easy to accept, in the court is highly respected, the emperor and concubines, the emperor and ministers have taken. Such as the floating wheat bone skin tea drink, lampshade, bamboo leaves, punch soup tea drink, Yushen tea drink, tea drink, clearing heat tea drink, ginseng tea drink, and so on. Various tea drink mixing is also very fine and careful, focusing on the efficacy of convenient and practical. Qing dynasty palace medical records in the court a large number of cases using tea drink. Tea drink has become a major feature of the Qing dynasty court health care.
The ancestors of the Manchu people in the long-term practice of life summed up the dietary restrictions, hold in the ginseng and sit in the soup of health care and other unique health care experience and culture, the unique health care of the Manchu people health care methods in the Qing dynasty court inheritance.
Two meals a day, dietary moderation
The Manchu follow the ancestral teachings of the "Holy Father" two meals a day, adhere to the dietary moderation of the concept of health care. Qing Dynasty, with the continuous progress of society, Manchu and the advanced culture of the Central Plains interaction and integration, many folk customs and habits are constantly changing, but the Manchu still continue two meals a day, dietary habits.
Historical records of the Qing dynasty in the palace of Manchu emperors Kangxi Emperor, Empress Dowager Cixi two meals a day and diet case. Qing Palace medical records: "St. Joe two meals a day" "Zhang Wenduan Gong Penghe, tasted together with the nine ministers to pray for rain. St. Joe read the negligence. Said:......er Han people, three meals a day, night and drink, I have two meals a day. When the division out of the Seychelles, the day meal, this fourteen Aggies leading the troops outside, also. St. Joe Yun:......, I eat only one flavor per meal, such as food chickens, chickens, food sheep are sheep, not food and taste, the rest is rewarded. Seventy old people, not to eat salt and sauce salty things, the night is not allowed to eat rice, in case of late to bed, the lights can not read books, I line, long as beneficial also."
Qing Emperor Kangxi paid attention to diet and health, two meals a day, each meal side dishes only one kind of food. Warned the elderly, do not eat more salt, sauce and salty food, the night can not eat, night time to sleep, do not read under the lamp, the Kangxi Emperor that his personal practice of permaculture and health care experience, long-term adherence to the body is beneficial. According to the "Chinese Palace Medicine" records: "Empress Dowager Cixi to comply with the ancestral system, there are two meals a day is the provisions of the "main meal", ... there are two snacks ....... " Kangxi, Cixi Emperor inherited the traditional Manchu health care experience, now Manchu folk still retains the dietary habits of two meals a day.
"Holding in ginseng", strong body
Changbai Mountain in the Northeast is rich in ginseng, alias "stick hammer", the name of the Manchu language "Aomolinda". Ginseng is a specialty of the Changbai Mountain area where the Manchu people gather. The ancestors of the Manchu people found that ginseng (wild ginseng) can replenish energy and blood, and bring the dead back to life, which is regarded as a life-saving miracle medicine in their production and life practice. The Manchus have been worshipping and applying ginseng for generations. Ginseng is called the first of the "Three Treasures of Guandong". Whenever Manchu ancestors enter Changbai Mountain and collect ginseng, they have to hold the ceremony of worshipping mountain god and ginseng. This custom is still preserved today.
There are many records of ginseng in Northeast Changbai Mountain in the historical literature. The application of ginseng by Manchu people has a long history, and they have rich experience in collecting, processing and concocting, storing and keeping, and using ginseng in many ways. As early as during the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the ancestors of the Manchu people had presented ginseng from the Northeast to the Shangshu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, ginseng from the Northeast flowed into the Central Plains in large quantities. During the period of Houjin Nurhachi, ginseng trade prospered. Gathering ginseng and ginseng trade was an important industry for economic development at that time.
As ginseng in the storage and transportation process is easy to rot and deterioration and other problems, seriously affect the ginseng trade and use, Nurhachu invented the fresh ginseng steamed into red ginseng method, to solve the ginseng storage and transportation is easy to rot and deterioration of the problem, to promote the development of the ginseng economy and application. Manchu folk have been using ginseng for a long time, and it is believed that ginseng can replenish vital energy, make people happy and wise, produce ginseng, tranquilize the mind, get rid of diseases, and have the effect of slowing down aging, etc. In daily life, ginseng is consumed to strengthen the body. In daily life, ginseng is consumed to strengthen the body, treat the disease and maintain health care, and prolong life. The traditional consumption of ginseng by Manchu people, more stewing, frying, simmering, holding in the method, or adding ginseng in the production of food, or made into soup, or making medicinal wine to take.
During the Qing Dynasty, Manchu emperors brought the experience of applying ginseng to their palaces, and used ginseng to tonify qi and blood and increase longevity. In their daily life, they adopted the convenient and practical method of "holding in" ginseng. Taking in ginseng, i.e., containing ginseng, taking in ginseng. It is an edible method to hold the medicine in the mouth and slowly melt it, or chew it with the mouth to melt it. Qing Palace medical records of Manchu emperors and court many people use ginseng, the number of great. In the pulse cases of emperors and consorts, there were few who did not take ginseng. In the Qing Dynasty, the Manchu emperors and the royal family took ginseng for several years, and applied the method of "taking in ginseng" for a long time to replenish the body.
Sitting in the soup to keep fit and strengthen the bones
Manchu sitting in the soup to keep fit, that is, refers to the hot springs bathing, soup spring therapy, is one of the earlier traditional methods of Manchu folk health. The ancestors of the Manchu people lived in my northeast Heilongjiang and Changbai Mountain area, a vast area, the climate is cold. Changbai Mountain area has many hot springs, spring water contains a lot of sulfur and a variety of minerals and trace elements, very beneficial to human health. The Manchus knew how to utilize the natural environment for medical care a long time ago, and advocated the method of washing hot springs for healing and fitness. Accumulated experience on the time to sit in the soup, dietary requirements, precautions, how to get the effect of sitting in the soup and so on. In the "old Manchu file" and other relevant historical materials and archives are recorded.
Qing dynasty emperors and nobles to "sit in the soup" as a method of health care, in the court to promote and continue. In the Kangxi and other successive emperors of the residence note and pulse case have a lot of records. Kang Xi on the sitting soup therapy is very high. He said: "sitting soup method, but the most popular in Manchuria, Mongolia, Korea, so know very well." Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty has gone to Tangshan many times to sit in the soup, but also accompanied the Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager Xiao-zhuang to Tangquan sit in the soup.
So far, washing hot springs health care is still very popular. Scientific research has fully affirmed the role of hot springs bathing therapy with dredging meridians, coordination of internal organs, through the role of qi and blood. Hot springs health care can drive away fatigue, blood circulation, blood stasis, swelling and pain, wind dispersal of cold, moistening the whole body, simple and easy to implement, has been the people of the masses to prevent and treat a disease of an effective therapy.
Several emperors in the early Qing dynasty are good at horseback riding and hunting, martial arts fitness. Manchu longevity emperors have to comply with the ancestral system, to maintain a good state of mind, hard work and will, regular life, moderate exercise. There is also an important health care method, is diet therapy. Diet therapy in the dietary customs of the Manchu people, passed down in folklore. It is the ancestors of the Manchu people to fight nature, adapt to the survival of the environment and the formation of dietary practices, for thousands of years to feed the Manchus and the northeast of the people of all ethnic groups to flourish.
After the Manchu entry, Manchu food culture with the Manchu emperor to the Qing court. Traditional Manchu folk food, such as soybeans, honey, deer products, pine nuts, wolfberries, yams, lotus seeds, hawthorn and other ingredients, medicines, into the court. With the traditional characteristics of Manchu folk dietary therapy methods, inherited and applied in the palace. Palace will be combined with diet and disease prevention and treatment, as a combination of prevention and treatment of disease, health care and health care auxiliary methods.
The traditional Manchu medicine diet and dietary aids for the treatment of disease, all generations of the court can not be compared with it. Qing dynasty court Manchu emperors advocate health care, health care in the court along with the traditional health care experience of the Manchu, such as "emotional regulation", "hold in the service ginseng", "sitting in the soup" health care, medicinal diets, dietary therapy, drug regulation, exercise and health care. Food therapy, drug treatment, exercise and health care methods, comprehensive heritage and development of the traditional health care experience and cultural practices of the Manchu folk, for today's people health care provides a valuable reference to historical data.
Kang Xi Emperor, the Qing Shengzu name Xuan Ye, the third son of the Qing Shizu Fulin, May 4, 1654 AD was born in Beijing Jingren Palace. Because of the year said "Kangxi", so called "Kangxi Emperor", aged 69 years old, the long life of the Qing Dynasty emperors in the second place. Kang Xi life less medication, so he can live close to old age, has its own set of fitness techniques. His health care experience, according to the Eight Banners edict "recorded Kangxi" daily meals twice, the second outside of the food is not something else, tobacco, alcohol and betel nut, etc. are useless.
No tonic, no massage. Therefore, compared to the Ming Dynasty emperor, Kang Xi put the frugality, abstain from sex, practice riding and shooting, as the main means of prolonging life. A lifetime of favorite travel around the four directions, poems and rafting, is also the main reason for his longevity.
Qianlong Emperor name Hongli, 29 years old ascended to the throne, ruling for more than 60 years, 89 years old, is China's history of longevity of the emperor is a representative of the Manchu emperor focus on health care. His understanding of health care is very deep, good at all times to regulate their own life, mood, behavior and dietary health care. Mental hygiene, exercise and fitness, dietary regimen and medicinal bait and tonic combined to achieve a very high level of health care. Emperor Qianlong life open-minded, pay attention to daily living conditioning, adhere to the hunting fitness, often touring smooth Zhi, hobbies and interests of a wide range, good use of medicine and food health care conditioning, systematic practice of health care experience.
The Qianlong Emperor paid great attention to dietary regimen, inherited the traditional dietary culture of Manchu folk. His life favorite foods, such as: Northeast large tofu or large tofu dishes and soy products, love to eat mushrooms, ferns and other wild vegetables, radish, honey, venison, pig's trotters, pork skin, duck and other foods, often consume millet porridge to regulate the spleen and stomach, etc., the people of the Manchu people commonly eat food. He focused on dietary regimen, taking honey, disease prevention and longevity. The Qianlong Emperor was only 37 years old both taking honey to replenish the body.
The Qing Palace archives have a Qianlong 12 October 1, the emperor's evening meal meal list. The evening meal has bird's nest duck, deer breast silk, roasted roe deer meat, sacrificial pork and mutton and other food, and ... honey a product, ... cinnamon radish a product. Honey is famous for slowing down the aging diet. Radish can move qi and eliminate food, in addition to grease, An spleen and stomach, dietary structure is reasonable, with the role of health care.
The Qianlong Emperor took medicines for health care. His life favorite health care drugs are: ginseng, eight precious cakes, tortoise set and so on. The Qianlong Emperor took eight precious cakes for health care. Eight treasures cake by ginseng, poria, atractylodes macrocephala Job's tears Gorgon fruit lentils sugar and other components. Emperor Qianlong took the turtle set of kidney tonic and strong body, turtle set by the ripened earth, Chinese wolfberry, green salt, antler velvet, stone swallow, red dragonflies, small bird brain, purple flowers, such as 31 kinds of drugs composed of a special method of refining, purple and gold color for the degree. Each serving of five centimeters of yellow wine to send down.
Empress Dowager Cixi, Daoguang 15 years born in Guangxu 34 years in Yi Luan Hall "ascending Xia", 74 years old. Empress Dowager Cixi health:
First, pay attention to the adjustment of the mind, hobbies.
The second is rich nutrition, timely treatment.
Third is to insist on activities, travel.
Fourth, pay attention to health, love beauty.
The Manchu emperors of the Qing dynasty attached great importance to diet therapy methods to make up for the strong. Qing dynasty Manchu emperors recorded in the Qing dynasty to inherit the traditional Manchu diet therapy, the Imperial Doctor to pay attention to the conservation of gastric gas with food therapy, to promote the recovery of the body. Palace pulse records the Empress Dowager Cixi advocate diet therapy of a large number of cases. Cixi weak spleen and stomach with diet therapy to nourish stomach qi. Cixi's weak spleen and stomach, such as bowel disorders, loose stools, with astragalus, yam, lotus seed porridge cases.
Summarize the Manchu longevity of the emperor's health care rules, in addition to maintaining a relaxed mood, good diet and lifestyle habits, often bending the bow to practice martial arts, spring baths, often take complementary longevity formula worth studying. The Manchu people have long been circulating in the folk experience in the application of ginseng, harmonization of blood and gas, blood and gas have to be born, the spirit is strong, strong body, naturally prolong life expectancy. The traditional health care experience of the Manchu people was continued and applied in the court of the Qing Dynasty, and the traditional health care experience of the Manchu people was gradually developed, which provided a case for the modern people to establish correct, reasonable and scientific concepts of health care and dietary habits, and enriched the dietary culture of our country. Some people have made a preliminary summary of the health care experience of centenarians, and believe that the conditions for slowing down the aging process are
① good state of mind
② strong will
② regular lifestyle
④ Moderate labor
⑤ Reasonable nutrition
⑥ Beautiful environment
⑦ Timely medical care and so on.
Qing dynasty Manchu longevity emperors have these conditions of health care, and at the same time, there is also the characteristics of the national health care. In short, the Qing dynasty court in the Manchu traditional health care experience, a variety of forms of anti-aging and longevity of the characteristics of the method, for the study of China's ancient culture can also be said to have an important significance.