1, sowing amount. There are more than 2000 orange seeds per catty. Because seeds are multi-embryo, they may give off two or more buds, so it is possible to grow more seedlings per kilogram of seeds. Of course, this is only possible in theory, and the actual operation is subject to various conditions. Generally, sowing in winter can produce about 2,000 seedlings per catty. Sowing in spring can produce 2500 seedlings per catty. This is because overwintering sowing may encounter cold injury, which affects the emergence rate and seedling rate. If the overwintering sowing is carried out in greenhouse facilities or covered with small arch shed, the sowing quality and seedling emergence rate can be improved. The soil quality and management level of seedbed have a great influence on the emergence rate. Many seedling farmers will suffer serious losses due to seedbed and management problems, and the emergence rate may be less than 50% or even lower.

2. Sow in time. Orange rootstocks can be sown in autumn, winter and spring, but care should be taken in summer. The high temperature and strong sunshine in summer are easy to cause high temperature damage and affect the normal growth of seedlings. Before sowing, seeds should be disinfected by drug soaking. At the same time, soaking seeds for 2 hours can improve germination rate and reduce seed loss. In areas where the average temperature in winter is not low and the frost-free period is long, fresh seeds can be planted. Fresh seeds can be sown after drying the surface moisture. Sowing fresh seeds in autumn can prolong the growth time and graft early. Sowing density, sowing per mu 100- 150 kg. Many farmers don't pay much attention to sparse sowing and even sowing, grab a handful and scatter them casually, resulting in uneven seed density, which not only affects the quality of seedlings, but also causes seed waste. In order to sow evenly, we should weigh and sow in compartments. For example, if there is a 10 seedbed in a plot, before sowing, the seeds can be divided into 10 equal parts, and one part can be divided into two equal parts, and the seeds can be sown back and forth twice in the same seedbed, so it is easy to achieve uniform sowing.

3. Post-broadcast management. Adopting greenhouse mulching cultivation can be beneficial to the healthy growth of overwintering seedlings. There are two kinds of plastic greenhouses: steel frame greenhouses and bamboo greenhouses. In order to improve the temperature of seedbed, we can adopt the method of covering the greenhouse with plastic film to improve the environmental temperature of seedling growth. If there is no facility to cover it, after sowing in autumn, winter and spring, it is necessary to cover it with plastic film for heat preservation and moisture preservation to promote its germination and growth. After one year's growth, the average plant height can reach 30-50 cm, and the seedling diameter is 4-5 mm; In the second year, the plant height can reach 70-80 cm and the diameter is about 8 mm.

Seedlings are about 80 cm thick and 40 cm high, and transplanting is the best.

Breeding:

(1) build a garden

Irrigation and drainage pipes are laid underground before planting. Mechanical punching is used for planting holes, and the seedlings are potted seedlings. The spacing between rows and plants is 6 ~ 8m× 4 ~ 5m. After the seedlings are planted to the young tree stage, the trunk is covered with foam tubes to prevent the harm of animals and insects in the field.

⑵ The whole park is managed by no-tillage method.

Grass planting method is adopted between rows, and artificial grass (mainly gramineous grass) or natural grass is mowed regularly; Chemical weeding was used between plants. The commonly used chemical herbicide is glyphosate (Roundup).

⑶ Fertilization

Orchards regularly carry out tree leaf and soil nutrition diagnosis to guide fertilization. The Center for Citrus Research and Education of the University of Florida recommended that the fertilization standard for orange fruit trees should be 7.5 ~ 22.5 kg nitrogen per 667m2 and K2O0.32kg K2O per 100kg fruit. Fertilization methods include soil fertilization and micro-spraying fertilizer, and foliar fertilization is being studied in recent years. Traditional soil fertilization is carried out four times a year, combined with mechanical tillage and irrigation, that is, early spring (1/4 of the total)/April-May (1/3 of the total & #4 1; , fruit-bearing period in June (1/4 of the total) and autumn season (10 ~11month). In recent years, it has developed into a long-acting granular fertilizer, and the application time is from April to May and autumn (10 ~11month). Micro-spray fertilization, that is, the fertilizer is dissolved in irrigation water according to a certain proportion, and combined with micro-spray irrigation to apply fertilizer. Foliar fertilization, in order to reduce or avoid the leaching loss of fertilizer, its pollution to water resources and the eutrophication of water bodies, in recent years, foliar fertilization is being studied instead of soil fertilization, and 0.2% ~ 0.6% urea10 ~12 times is sprayed on the leaves every year.

(4) Irrigation

All citrus production gardens adopt automatic irrigation, mainly micro-spray irrigation within the tree tray under the crown. The recommended irrigation standard in California with dry climate is irrigation twice a week, and irrigation three times a week when it is particularly dry, with 50 gallons (about 227.3L) for each mature tree. Two nozzles are installed under each tree crown, spraying water for 5 hours each time. The added water is melted snow water. 5] pruning young trees are generally not pruned. After the tree grows to a certain size, mechanized pruning should be adopted as early as possible to trim the crown into a flat head or tower shape. Although this pruning method can improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions between tree crowns to a certain extent, its main purpose is not to improve fruit yield and quality, but to reduce costs and facilitate orchard management and mechanized operation. [6] Pest control Try to control the number of pesticides used in the field. For example, the citrus production garden in Florida generally sprays pesticides no more than 4 times a year. Biological control is the main way to control Ceroplastes rubra, the natural enemy of Ceroplastes rubra, Aphytis melinus DeBach, was artificially cultivated indoors by using wax gourd with yellow skin imported from Mexico, and released into the field from February to next year 1 1 month to control the number of Ceroplastes rubra.

The above solutions are for your reference.

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