Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827) was a French analyst, probabilist, and physicist, and a member of the Académie fran?aise.He was born in Beaumont-en-Noge, Calvados, in northwestern France, on March 23, 1749, and died in Paris on March 5, 1827.In 1816, he was elected to the He was elected a member of the Académie fran?aise in 1816, and became president of the academy in 1817. In 1812, he published an important book, The Analytical Theory of Probability, in which he summarized the whole study of probability theory at that time, discussed the application of probability to election trial surveys, meteorology, etc., and introduced the "Laplace Transforms", etc. He was a supporter of determinism, and was also a member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was a supporter of determinism and proposed the Laplace demon. He worked to save the decline of the hereditary system: he was Napoleon's Minister of the Interior for six weeks, later became the Chancellor of the Senate, and was twice knighted under the Emperor Napoleon and under Louis XVIII, and was later elected President of the Académie fran?aise. Laplace was Napoleon's teacher, and so was bound to Napoleon.