Cultivation techniques and planting management notes:
Bamboo fungus can be cultivated at temperatures above 7℃, and it is appropriate to cultivate it from October to December.
One, indoor box planting
Use waste wooden boxes as cultivation containers. In the bottom of the box, 5 to 10 centimeters thick humus soil is first laid, on which bamboo sections, wood sections or other materials are laid, and bamboo fungus cultivars are accessed on the materials. Use 3 bottles of strains per square meter, and finally cover the fertilized soil with 5-8 cm, water thoroughly, and cultivate the fungus at room temperature. Sprinkle water frequently to keep it moist. Under suitable conditions of temperature and humidity, mycelium can grow all over the culture material in 4 to 5 months. When the temperature reaches 20 to 24 ℃, it will form buds in the topsoil. At this time, the relative humidity of the indoor air should be maintained at more than 85%. When the fungus ball drilled out of the topsoil, the relative humidity of the air should be increased to more than 95%.
Second, bed bed cultivation
Select the windy and cool site, dug 10 to 15 cm deep, 100 cm wide, unlimited length of bed beds. The bottom of the bed to stay 10 cm loose soil, the first layer of bamboo chips or sections of wood (dry bamboo chips need to be washed and soaked for 8 to 12 hours, dry the surface water), in the bamboo chips or sections of wood on the sowing of a layer of strains, sprinkle a layer of dry bamboo leaves, the top covered with fertilized soil 10 cm. If the shade conditions are poor, a shade canopy should be built on the bed bed. Frequently sprinkle water to keep the topsoil moist. From inoculation to harvest after 10-12 months.
In addition, there are also strains of briquette cultivation method, plastic bag direct cultivation method.
Management:
(1) Moisture management is the key to the success or failure of cultivation. Mycelium growth stage soil humidity should be maintained at 65 to 70%, too much humidity is unfavorable. If the soil is too dry, fine water can be sprayed, but do not make the soil on the water.
(2) Management of each growth stage. The bud growth stage, the temperature is best controlled at 20 to 23 ℃, air relative humidity at 70 to 75%; the substrate growth stage air relative humidity increased to 90 to 95%, you can spray water 3 to 4 times a day; open the window to ventilate 1 to 2 times a day, 30 minutes each time.
(3) the management of outdoor bed border cultivation. Strictly prevent people and animals from trampling. In the process of germination, usually do not dig up and check, so as not to break the mycelium.
(4) timely replenishment of soil. If the buried section of wood exposed to the surface of the soil, should be timely replenishment of soil cover.
Three, pit-type cultivation
1, cultivation of woodland
Cultivation of bamboo fungus of the woodland should be selected for easy management, gentle slopes, the back of the north wind, water sources, fertile and moist soil and good drainage, the soil quality of sandy-loamy moso bamboo forest or bamboo and broad mixed forests, the degree of closure of the forest for the 0.8 to 0.9, preferably small streams and valleys of the lot.
2, open the cultivation pit
In the selected woodland, open a cultivation pit of 2 meters long, 1 meter wide and 20 centimeters deep according to the horizontal band, and fill it with fertile topsoil, about 5 centimeters thick. Drainage ditches are dug around the perimeter to avoid waterlogging.
3, culture material treatment
The treatment method has raw material method, cooking material method and fermentation method. Only the fermentation method is introduced. Bamboo fungus culture material is mainly dried bamboo poles, bamboo branches, bamboo whips, bamboo leaves and other bamboo materials, which are cut into small pieces of 3 to 5 centimeters long and 1 to 1.5 centimeters wide (bamboo leaves are cut into small slices of 2 to 3 centimeters or crushed).
The formula of the culture material is 77% of bamboo slices, 20% of bamboo leaves, 1% of calcium superphosphate, 1% of gypsum powder, 0.5% of urea and 0.5% of lime. Bamboo slices and bamboo leaves were first pre-wetted with clarified lime water to a humidity of about 60% to 65%, added urea and then stacked. The temperature of the middle layer of the pile will rise to over 60°C. When the temperature drops to 30°C, the first turning of the pile will be carried out, and this stage will take about 7 days; then 50% of the total amount of gypsum powder will be added, and the moisture will be replenished to 65% of the humidity, and the second turning of the pile will be carried out after another 6 days; the rest of the 50% gypsum powder will be added, and the humidity will be adjusted to 65%, and the third turning of the pile will be carried out after 5 more days; calcium superphosphate will be added and zinc will be sprayed into the pile. Sulfur phosphorus insecticide 500 times liquid, adjust the humidity to 60% ~ 65%, about 4 days apart, the fourth pile turning, and then adjust the humidity to 55% ~ 60%. Each turnover should be carried out when the temperature in the center of the heap drops, and the surface dry layer is turned to the middle layer, and the middle layer is turned to the outer layer. At the end of fermentation, the material is coffee-colored, slightly ammonia odor, no mold, bamboo pieces become brittle and easy to break. Cultivation of inoculation, plus 1% of the total weight of the pile of sucrose water. This method is suitable for batch cultivation of bamboo fungus with better effect.
4, inoculation
Cultivating bamboo fungus is the key to choosing strains. Long-skirted bamboo fungus and short-skirted bamboo fungus have good quality and high market price, but it is difficult to master the artificial cultivation; while red-torpedo bamboo fungus is easy to cultivate and the yield is high, but the quality is poor and the selling price is low. In production, good strains of fungus and good strains of fungus suitable for local cultivation should be selected.
Because the growth of mycelium of Dictyostelium mycelium is more demanding in terms of temperature and humidity, the cultivation and inoculation time is generally appropriate from April to May and from October to November. Inoculation should be carried out on cloudy days or days without direct sunlight. One week before inoculation, first use 50% carbendazim 1000 times liquid or 700 times zinc sulfur phosphorus liquid for soil sterilization in the cultivation pit. Then spread the treated bamboo slices in the pit, about 4 to 5 centimeters thick, and then spread the treated bamboo leaves 2 to 3 centimeters thick on top. On the bamboo leaves, bamboo fungus cultivation strains are sown in a plum blossom shape with a horizontal spacing of 10 centimeters and a vertical spacing of 12 centimeters. Then lay a layer of bamboo slices 4-5 cm thick, bamboo slices covered with a layer of 2-3 cm thick bamboo leaves, and then according to the horizontal spacing of 6 cm, longitudinal spacing of 8 cm seeding of fungus, and finally covered with a layer of bamboo leaves on the top layer of the fungus, the thickness of the fungus to cover the fungus shall prevail and gently pressed, so that the fungus and the cultivation of material in close contact. The dosage of strains is 24 bottles per square meter, of which the dosage of the top layer is 70% and the dosage of the bottom layer is 30%. The strain and culture material taken out on the same day must be inoculated on the same day.
5, mulching and scaffolding
After inoculation, when the mycelium grows full of culture material surface layer, need to cover a layer of sun-exposed fertile fine soil about 2 to 4 cm thick, the soil surface and then cover a layer of bamboo leaves about 2 cm thick, in order to maintain good aeration and suitable humidity. Immediately after covering the soil, an arch-shaped plastic shed should be built, with a height of about 50 centimeters. Depression less than 0.8 of the bamboo forest, should also be in the plastic shed on the shade shed, shed height of 80 to 100 centimeters.
6, notes
In the mycelium growth stage is mainly heat preservation and moisturizing. Mycelium growth optimal temperature of 24 ℃, higher than 33 ℃ or lower than 12 ℃, stop growing. When the weather is dry, it is necessary to spray water appropriately, avoid direct spraying of the soil when spraying water, so as not to cause soil crusting, soil moisture content should be maintained at about 20%. When the temperature in the plastic shed exceeds 26 ℃, the film should be uncovered to cool down, and the corners of the plastic shed should be uncovered at noon to allow ventilation. The management of the bud stage is mainly to avoid direct sunlight, keep warm and prevent insects and diseases. The more suitable temperature for the development stage of the substrate is 17～25℃, and dead mushrooms will appear when it is lower than 8℃ or higher than 30℃. At 8:00 a.m. every day during the mushrooming period, it is necessary to change the air and collect the mushrooms in time; when the humidity is low, water should be sprayed in time in the morning or evening, and the nozzle should be far away from the mushroom bed, so as to avoid hurting the small buds.
7. Harvesting and Packaging
Bamboo fungus breaks the buds and opens the skirts generally in the early morning, and it must be harvested as it opens. It is also possible to harvest half of the open skirt or mature fungus eggs indoors to wait for all of them to open their skirts. When harvesting, use a knife to cut off the fungus cord from the bottom of the fungus holder, gently remove the cap first, then remove the fungus holder, leave the fungus stalk and fungus skirt, wipe it clean with wet gauze or rinse it clean with water, put it in a basket or bamboo basket with white paper, and don't tear it to break it. Retrieved in a timely manner after grading for drying or sun-drying, drying is appropriate to use low-temperature baking, the first 40 ℃ temperature baking, turning once every half an hour; later the temperature can slowly rise to 50 ℃, every hour turning once, about 4 hours of baking; the temperature dropped to 40 ℃ continue baking for about 3 hours. After drying, take it out and cool it for 20-30 minutes, and then grade and pack it after the fungus becomes soft. The drying rate of fresh bamboo fungus is about 2.6%~2.8%.