Growing habits:
1. Soil: it can grow in sandy land, clay, neutral soil, saline-alkali land (all saline soil with salt content below 0.7%), acidic soil, low wetland, and barren hillside.
3. Moisture: It has strong drought resistance and can grow where the precipitation is 200mm. At the edge of Tengger Desert, evaporation is 15 times larger than precipitation, and it can grow in areas where the absolute maximum temperature of sand surface reaches 74℃. It is resistant to flooding and can survive after soaking for 1 month.
4. Lighting: Sufficient light is needed. According to the investigation, it can not grow in Robinia pseudoacacia forest with canopy density above 0.7, but can grow in Pinus bungeana forest with canopy density above 0.85.
5. Temperature: It has strong cold tolerance and can grow in areas where the lowest temperature is below -40℃ and the monthly average temperature is -25.6℃ at 65438+ 10.
Cultivation techniques:
It can be used for seed propagation and asexual propagation of root germination, with strong germination ability and developed root system, each cluster can reach 20-50 sprouting strips, and the annual sprouting strips can reach as high as 1-2m after whole cropping, and it will blossom and bear fruit in two years, with a seed germination rate of 70-80%.
Amorpha fruticosa clustered deciduous shrub. Branches are slender and flexible, straight without joints. Uniform thickness. The growth rate is fast, and the new branches can be as high as 1.5 m after the plants are leveled from the surface. Robust plants can sprout 15 ~ 30 strips, can cut 10 ~ 20 years, and can weave various production and living appliances. It has a long flowering period and is a honey source plant in early summer in the north. Strong adaptability, cold tolerance, barren tolerance, salt tolerance and certain waterlogging tolerance. With rhizobia, the soil can be improved. With developed lateral roots and strong germination, it is an excellent tree species for soil consolidation and slope protection. Widely used in roadside slope protection, textile industry, honey plants and other aspects, with broad development prospects.
1. Overview of nursery: Nursery is located in Maanshan vegetable garden, in the middle of Songnen Plain. Geographical coordinates are124 35' east longitude, 44 40' north latitude, altitude125m, annual average temperature of 3.8℃, annual precipitation of 430mm, frost-free period 120 ~ 150 d, and the nursery soil is loam.
2. Seed collection: Amorpha fruticosa seed collection, first select excellent mother plants with strong growth and no pests and diseases. The fruit ripens from September to 65438+ 10. The pod is oval, slightly curved, brown when mature, containing 1 ~ 2 oval or long kidney-shaped seeds, smooth, yellow-green, and hard seed coat.
3. Seed treatment: Podocarpus purpurea peel contains oil, and the seeds are hard and hard, so it is not easy to absorb water and breathe, and the germination is slow. In order to make the seedlings come out in order, shorten the seedling stage and improve the germination rate of seeds, it is necessary to treat the seeds. In production, we soak in hot water to accelerate germination. Before sowing, put the seeds into a large pot, then pour in 2 portions of boiling water and 1 portion of cold water at about 60℃. Stir the seeds while pouring hot water, so that the seeds are heated evenly from top to bottom. When the water temperature reaches about 30℃, stop stirring the seeds and soak them for 24 hours after natural cooling. Take out the seeds and disinfect them with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3 hours. Take out the seeds, rinse them with clear water for 2-3 times, control the drying of the seeds, and mix 1 seeds with 3 parts of wet sand and stir them evenly. Put it in a warm sunny and leeward place with a slope of about 5℃, keep the seed temperature at about 20℃, cover it with wet grass, keep proper humidity, keep the water content at about 60%, and accelerate germination for 3 ~ 4d days. Spray warm water on the seeds every day and turn 1 ~ 2 times to make the upper and lower seeds wet and dry evenly. If it rains, cover the seeds with plastic film to avoid excessive humidity or water accumulation. When the seeds are cracked, they can be planted. The seeds of Amorpha fruticosa soaked in hot water to accelerate germination germinated 7 ~ 10 days earlier than the dry seeders without soaking seeds, and the emergence rate reached 90%.
4. Soil preparation and bed making: Amorpha fruticosa seedlings have drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance, and the requirements for soil conditions are not strict. However, in production, in order to cultivate strong seedlings, we choose a vegetable garden with flat terrain, good drainage, convenient irrigation, deep soil layer and relatively fertile soil as the sowing ground. In the autumn of the year before sowing, plough deeply for 30cm to make the soil layer fully weathered. Before sowing in early April of the following year, carefully prepare the soil and apply foot fertilizer. Apply 1500 ~ 2000kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 15k compound fertilizer every 667m2, and shallow turn them to make a flat bed with a width of 1.2m and a length of 10m.
5. Sowing: the day before sowing, water is poured on the bed surface, then pentachloronitrobenzene 1 part and zineb 1 part are poured into the watering can, fully stirred, and water is sprayed on the bed surface every 667m2 10g for soil disinfection. The next day, furrowing along the bed and wide furrowing were adopted to make the seedlings receive light evenly. The depth of the ditch is 2 ~ 3cm, the width is10cm and the row spacing is 2 ~ 3cm. After ditching, level the bottom of the ditch with your feet, evenly spread the seeds into the ditch, and cover them while sowing. The thickness of covering soil is 1 ~ 1.5 cm, and the thickness should be uniform to facilitate seedling emergence. Pour enough water, cover with straw curtain in time, keep the soil moist, and remove the straw curtain in time after 60% seedlings are unearthed.
6. Seedling management
(1) Intercropping: When the height of seedlings is 3 ~ 5 cm, the seedlings with diseases and pests, weak seedlings and dense double seedlings should be removed, and the inferior seedlings should be removed to preserve the superior ones. When the height of seedlings is 6 ~ 8 cm, the second thinning should be carried out, so as to achieve moderate density and uniform distribution, which is conducive to ventilation and light transmission and promote the growth and development of seedlings.
(2) Water: Amorpha fruticosa seedlings begin to emerge about one week after sowing. Before emergence, if the seedbed soil is dry, it should be watered properly in time, and topping is prohibited. Water the seedlings in time after each interval to prevent the roots from drying. The bed soil is not easy to be too wet, so as not to cause excessive seedlings or diseases. In the early stage of seedling growth, the aboveground parts and roots of seedlings begin to grow and form roots, but the distribution is shallow, such as insufficient water in bed soil, which is easy to cause seedling death. At this time, it is necessary to keep the surface bed soil moist frequently and increase the watering amount appropriately, so that the watering times can be reduced accordingly. From the fast-growing period to the end of the fast-growing period, the seedlings grow fast and need more water. We can take fewer times and more quantities to fully meet the water needed for the rapid growth of seedlings. In the late stage of seedling growth, in order to prevent seedlings from growing white and make seedlings fully lignified, watering should be stopped.
(3) Topdressing: Spraying Tamiflu 1 ~ 2 times from emergence to primary stage, and the suitable concentration is 0. 1%. Proper topdressing of urea 1 ~ 2 times, application of 10kg per 667m2 and appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the fast-growing period of seedlings can prevent the seedlings from growing in vain and promote the seedlings to be fully lignified. In the later stage of seedling growth, topdressing should be stopped to promote the full lignification of seedlings and ensure the safe overwintering of seedlings.
(4) Intertillage and weeding: After all the seedlings have come out, loosen the soil and weed in time, and pull them out by hand as far as possible to prevent the seedlings from being damaged. During the seedling growth period, intertillage weeding is about 3 ~ 4 times throughout the year. Keep the soil loose and prevent weeds from competing with seedlings for water and nutrients. Amorpha fruticosa has few pests and diseases. Once they happen, pesticides and fungicides should be used to prevent them from spreading.
Amorpha fruticosa in Quan Min Green Garden has strong adaptability, drought resistance, barren resistance and cold resistance, and can grow in barren hills, sandy land, roadsides and water. It is a leguminous shrub with flowers and fallen leaves, and its height can reach more than 4 meters. Under normal circumstances, the planting year can grow more than one meter high. Branches and leaves can also be cut down to make green manure and feed. Amorpha fruticosa is an excellent fast-growing tree species for beautifying the environment and greening barren hills, and it is also one of the greening trees worthy of vigorous development.
Technical points:
1, harvest the seeds in time.
Amorpha fruticosa seeds matured and were picked in June+10, 5438. After harvesting, spread it in the sun to remove impurities, stir it several times a day, dry it in the sun for about 5 ~ 6 days, and then bag the clean seeds for preservation. There are 80,000 to 90,000 seeds per kilogram, and the general germination rate is only 50-70%.
2. Seed treatment
Seeds must be treated before sowing: because of the oil in pod skin, it can affect the seed expansion speed and germination rate. The seed treatment method can be treated with hot water. Put the seeds into a container, stir while pouring boiling water, and stir for five minutes. After soaking in cold water for a day and a night, take it out and put it in reeds, cover it with straw and water it every day. After a few days, most of the seeds were sown. Practice has proved that soaked seeds are unearthed 10 ~ 15 days earlier than those without soaked seeds. Another method is to soak in 6% urine or plant ash for 6-8 hours to remove the seed oil. Using this treatment, the seeds with skin can be unearthed about 10 days in advance when sowing in spring.
3. Sowing and raising seedlings
It is best to choose neutral loam with flat terrain, fertile soil, deep soil layer and convenient irrigation. When sandy land or cohesive soil is used as nursery land, organic fertilizer should be applied to improve the soil and increase fertility. Nursery land should be cultivated in winter, feet should be applied to the moon, and then ridges should be cultivated to make beds. It's best to wait until the rain is thorough before broadcasting for 2 ~ 3 days. Sowing time depends on climatic conditions: in the north, soil thawing is appropriate; Sowing should be carried out in the middle and late months of 1 month in the south. The sowing method is row sowing, the ditch depth is 3-4cm, the sowing width is 8 8- 10/0cm, and the row spacing is18-20cm. The sowing amount per mu is about 1.5 kg, and the seedling yield reaches 1 10,000 plants, and the sowing amount in some areas tends to increase. When sowing, cover the soil 1 ~ 1.5 cm, and emerge 8 ~ 10 days after sowing. After 10 ~ 15 days, the seedlings should be thinned once at a reasonable density.
4. Cutting
Amorpha fruticosa cuttings contain a lot of nutrients, and the survival rate of cuttings is very high. However, care should be taken to protect the buds from harm. It is best to use sand or half sand and half soil for seedbed. The boundary is turtle-backed, with ditches around it to facilitate drainage. Cuttings should be strong, and the survival rate of old branches or tender branches is low. Should be cut into 15cm long, inserted into the soil 7-8cm, plant spacing 8- 10cm, row spacing 20-25cm. Water it every day, keep the soil moist, and build a shade shed. After about a week, new roots will grow and sprout, indicating that the cuttings have survived.
Step 5 breed
According to the above site conditions, thick roots are selected for rooting and seedling raising in spring. The roots of Amorpha fruticosa have strong germination ability. When the soil is loose and moist, it is rich in humus, which can grow new roots and buds. So as long as the soil is cultivated a little and promoted to take root and sprout, it is simply a new seedling.
6. Strengthen management
In order to cultivate healthy seedlings of Amorpha fruticosa, weeding was carried out for 3 ~ 4 times at seedling stage, combined with formula fertilization. At the peak of seedling growth, fertilizers such as urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate should be sprayed outside the roots once every six months, and water should be sprayed evenly on the leaves. The best time to spray fertilizer is cloudy evening. At the same time, pest control should be carried out to prevent re-treatment.
Step 7 plant in the right place
Afforestation density should depend on the purpose of forest selection and soil and water conditions. If you harvest green manure and feed every year, it can be more dense; Poor soil and water conditions can also be densely planted, generally planting 300 ~ 400 plants per mu; For the purpose of sand fixation and soil conservation, it can be more than 1000 plants per mu. In order to improve the survival rate of trees and promote their germination, cuttings can be carried out at the position of 10 ~ 15 cm above the root neck, so that branches will grow faster.
8. Tending management
The management requirements of Amorpha fruticosa are not strict. Generally, after afforestation, young forests should be weeded and loosened 1 ~ 2 times a year, so they should be cut once every other year. After the first year of afforestation, the Amorpha fruticosa forest, which aims at harvesting green manure, can properly interplant grain between rows to promote seedling growth. In the second and third years, we should cultivate the soil in time, expand the root disk and strive for more shoots and buds. In mountainous areas with poor soil, cutting and ploughing should be suspended for one to two years after the first stubble leveling. For afforestation of Amorpha fruticosa in wind erosion and desertification land, more than 50% uneven stubble should be reserved for shelter forest and rotation cutting should be implemented. All uneven stubble can be reserved by 65,438+000% of the reserved land. The Amorpha fruticosa forest on the hillside and hillside should be separated along the horizontal contour line.
The seedlings were hurt by scarabs and weevils, but they were very light. Generally, 90% trichlorfon or 50% marathon emulsion with 500 times solution can be used to kill insects. The lack of pests and diseases of Amorpha fruticosa may be related to the special odor substances and tannin substances in its stems and leaves, which can inhibit the spread of pests and diseases, have the effect of expelling pests and diseases, and are of great significance for cultivating characteristic crops, implementing crop rotation and building mixed forests.