Sugarcane is planted when the average daily temperature is stabilized through 5°C, with sunny days. It is usually planted in mid to late February to early March.
How is sugarcane planted? Sugarcane planting and field management methods
1, cane field preparation
Tillage: before and after the winter solstice, y turn over the * layer of 25 ㎝ -30cm, the whole land of the sun, the whole land of the deep ditch and high beds, fine ground preparation.
Making beds: the beds are suitable for north-south direction, made into tortoise-back shape, *surface leveling, bed width 2.5m-2.6m, ditch width 0.3m-0.4m, depth 0.3m.
Opening planting ditches: planting ditches are 20cm deep, and the distance between ditches (row spacing) is 1.4m-1.5m.
2, sugar cane seed preparation
Seeds: it is preferable to choose thin-skinned, thick-stemmed, crispy meat, Long internode, more water, moderate sweetness, good taste, high yielding varieties. Select full buds, fresh bud scales, close to the cane stem, with obvious bud grooves, no insect injuries, no lesions of the thick cane stem for cane seed. If you are in a position to do so, use detoxified cane seedlings.
Seed amputation: peel off the leaf sheath, put the seed stalk on a hard wooden board, buds to the sides, with a flat sharp knife or guillotine chopper, an accurate cut off, cut off the flat, do not rupture, do not hurt the buds. Seedling section of the lower part of the section left 2/3 internodes, the upper part of the section left 1/3 internodes, cut into each section containing 3-4 sprouts.
Disinfection of seed soaking: 50% thiophanate-methyl 800 times liquid seed soaking 2h, drying spare.
3, under the seed
Basic fertilizer: before the fruit cane under the seed, according to the principle of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer with the application of organic fertilizers, in the application of organic fertilizers at the same time, heavy application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Generally apply 300-500㎏ of commercial organic fertilizer and 20-30㎏/666.7㎡ of non-chlorine compound fertilizer (N:P:K content 3-4.5kg), and cover the soil with furrow. If you don't apply commercial organic fertilizer, apply Cuimu granular water-soluble fertilizer in the middle of the bed.
Time: When the average daily temperature is stabilized at 5℃, the seeds are planted on sunny days. Generally in mid to late February to early March under the seed.
Density: plant two rows per bed, linear single rows of seeds, cane seed flat, cane buds to the sides, cane buds in close contact with the soil.
Covering seeds: the thickness of the soil covered with cane seeds is 3㎝, and the thickness is even and consistent. The soil should be fine, loose and soft.
Weed removal: before covering the mulch, wait for the topsoil of the border to be wet, use 90% ethofumesate 40ml plus 40% pachymetryn 20g in 30㎏ of water per 666.7 square meters to evenly spray on the soil surface to seal the weeds.
Membrane cover: cover the whole bed with membrane after planting, and pull it tightly to cover tightly.
4, field management
Seedling perforation: from late March to early April, when the seedlings come out, check diligently and break the film manually in time to help the seedlings to perforate the film, and the film-breaking hole should be small. In case of high temperatures, once a day artificial film breaking. Seedlings perforated out of the membrane, with fine mud to seal the mouth, to prevent the membrane under the high temperature injury to seedlings.
Checking and replenishing seedlings: when seedlings are found to be missing on broken ridges, replant them with pre-planted seedlings or move them to make up for the sparse ones.
Setting seedlings: remove excess tillers, remove small stems, weak stems, pest stems, and leave 3500-4000 seedlings/666.7 square meters.
Uncovering the membrane and cultivating the soil at one time: from mid-May to early June, the membrane is uncovered at the end of the tillering period and taken out of the field. After removing the film, the number of seedlings reaches 3500-4000 plants/666.7 square meters, so that the distribution of cane plants is uniform. After inter-seedling, cultivate the soil, and the height of cultivation is 10㎝-15㎝.
Leaf stripping and secondary soil cultivation: in the middle to end of July, when the cane stems are 3-5 nodes after pulling out the nodes, the leaves are stripped from the base of the cane, excess tillers are removed, and wet soil cultivation is carried out once, with a height of 10㎝-15㎝, to enhance the ability of resistance to fall.
Fertilizer: Combined with one cultivation, apply 60-75㎏/666.7㎡ of non-chlorine compound fertilizer or 100㎏ of rapeseed cake fertilizer plus 40-50㎏/666.7㎡ of non-chlorine compound fertilizer.
Irrigation and drainage: keep the field soil moist without stagnant water in the seedling period. Elongation of the long term water demand, the requirements of the soil water holding capacity to maintain about 80%, so that sunny day mud wet, rainy days without water. Pay attention to irrigation and drainage in the late growth period to keep the soil moist.
Leaf stripping: in the middle and late stage of elongation, strip the withered leaves, yellow leaves, old leaves and diseased leaves every one month or more, and take the stripped leaves out of the field
5. Harvesting
Harvesting: in the mid-October when the sugarcane becomes mature, it can be harvested for market, and harvesting is completed before the frost, when the lowest temperature is 3℃-5℃. When harvesting, dig up from the original seed, remove the mud attached to the root, and cut off the cane tip leaves.