stroke, bruises and other conditions. At present, the wild leech resources are getting less and less, and Japan has to import thousands of tons of leeches from China every year
, resulting in rising prices. Leech farming is low-cost and fast-acting. Now briefly introduced
leech rice paddy ecological farming technology, for reference.
1. Paddy field conditions Requirements Adequate water supply, convenient drainage and irrigation, good water quality, good water retention, surface
accumulation of 667 ~ 1334 square meters is appropriate.
2. Main facilities ① ditch. In the field around the ditch, 1.2 meters deep, 2.0 meters wide, another
in the field dug a number of 0.4 to 0.5 meters deep, 0.6 to 0.8 meters wide road and ditch connection,
into the "well", "Feng" shape. The ditch area accounts for about 25% of the total area of the field. ② dike. Dike surface width of 1 meter,
high 0.6 meters. ③Escape wall and inlet and outlet. The field is surrounded by a 0.3-meter-high fence
walled with plastic film, and the inlet and outlet are equipped with nylon nets to prevent leeches from escaping.
3. The rice planting Select long fertility, hard stalks, resistance to diseases and insects, tillering strong rice
stocks planting.
4. leech seed stocking leech seed stocking 10 days before each 667 square meters of 300 kg
rotten organic fertilizer, while putting rotunda black algae, aquatic plants such as peanuts, cultivate micro-organisms and aquatic plants,
to ensure that a stocking leech seed can be allowed to eat the bait of the right taste. Leeches can be purchased from farms or
trapped from natural waters in spring and summer with grass handles soaked in pig's blood and stocked with 800 to 1
000 tails per square meter of water.
5. Usual management ①Baiting. Leeches are omnivorous and animal feeders, feeding on microorganisms,
floating algae in the water, eating snails and mussels, pig liver, and sucking animal blood. Artificial feeding can be mixed with animal blood
feed or grass powder, meat and vegetables. You can also put mussels or snails in the ditch and let them reproduce naturally for
leeches to feed on. Feeding should pay attention to the "four fixed". "Timing", every day in the morning and afternoon each cast once; "positioning",
fields in shallow water; "quality", fresh bait, timely removal of residual bait; "quantitative", the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh, the bait is fresh. "Quantitative", according to the water temperature and other conditions
Adjust the amount of feeding, eat until full. ② fertilization. Paddy field one-time application of organic fertilizer, 667 square meters of
3000 kg. Fertility decline can be applied to rapeseed cake powder, 667 square meters of 10 kg, both supplemental
bait for leeches and for fertilizer, a small number of times. ③Pharmaceuticals. Due to the leech disease resistance plus the ecological role of the paddy field
, so rice and leeches are very few diseases. Generally do not need to use drugs. ④Water quality. Normally
the water layer is maintained at about 20 centimeters, and new water is refilled every 5 to 7 days. ⑤Escape prevention. Every day diligently inspect the pond,
found that the embankment, escape wall, inlet and outlet facilities have problems, timely maintenance.
6. Processing and sales After half a year of feeding leeches can reach the commercial specifications, after the rice harvest can
capture processing, capture large and leave small. The leeches will be put into a container with 5% to 10% salt water,
so that all of them will die, and then rinsed with clean water and spread on bamboo curtains or mats to dry in the sun to be sold. The standard for superior
quality dried leeches is: neat specification, no impurities, and water content below 20%.
(A) feeding management of medical leeches
(1) Use fresh clotted blood of pigs and cows, put in the pool at 5-6 o'clock in the afternoon, half of the clots are immersed in the water, and half of them are left on the shore, so that the medical leeches can be lured to suck and prevent the pollution of water. The remaining blood clots should be removed in time to prevent mold and deterioration caused by pollution. Feeding every 5 days.
(2) When the water is polluted and stinks, change the water in time. Don't change a large amount or all of the water in case the temperature difference is big, which affects the digestive ability of the medical leech or triggers other diseases, but change the water in a small amount and gradually, release a small amount of the old water first, then inject a small amount of fresh water.
The medical leech is a small individual with little feeding value for use in traditional Chinese medicine, so its breeding methods are not introduced much. The following will focus on the feeding management and precautions of wide-bodied golden leeches.
(2) Wide-bodied golden leech feeding management
(1) The water quality requires fertilizer, live, clear, and sufficient oxygen. When the water is not fertile enough, a small amount of cow dung or chicken manure can be fermented and spread into the bottom of the pool, which ensures the fertility of the water and keeps the bottom of the pool soft. However, the water can not be over-fertilized, when over-fertilized, it is easy to lack of oxygen. When water quality deterioration is found, it should be replaced gradually in time to partially purify the water. In order to prevent the deterioration of water quality, normal breeding, water injection and water out of the water at an even rate, so that the pool water is in a state of very slight flow.
(2) Feed food. Seedling period, that is, from mid-April to late May each year, splash pig's blood or cow's blood on the water surface for small leeches to feed on, and put live mussels or snails into the pool for leeches to feed on after late May. Every 667 square meters of water put 250 grams of mussels about 100. Putting less, not enough leeches to suck, put more, easy to lead to lack of oxygen or compete with the leeches for space, half a month to the surface of the water to splash pig's blood or cow's blood for leeches or mussels to suck or mussels to filter food, every 2 months to re-invest the mussels 30.
(3) The temperature of the pool water should be maintained at 15 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, below 10 ℃ to stop feeding, higher than 35 ℃, the performance of irritability or escape. When the water temperature is high, the water level can be raised by appropriate amount of water injection to regulate the water temperature, or increase the amount of water exchange.
(4) Prevention and control of pesticides, fertilizers and water pollution. Wide-bodied golden thread leech's pollution resistance and drug resistance are poor, pool water containing 0.28 × 10-6 concentration of mercuric acid or 0.14 × 10-6 concentration of copper sulfate can kill it, so leech farming pool around the farmland is best not to hit the drug and use less fertilizer. At the same time, do not have domestic sewage or organic wastewater seepage and discharge into the breeding pool.
(5) Pay attention to escape prevention. When conditions are not favorable, leeches will escape. To frequent pond inspections, found to escape leeches to catch back in time and take appropriate measures to prevent escape. Into the quicklime ditch death of individuals should be promptly picked up cool dry, ready for medicinal purposes. In cloudy or rainy days, pay attention to patrol around the pool to prevent a large number of leeches escape.
(6) Set up a fence to prevent frogs, snakes, rodents predation. To prevent predation by birds, especially waterfowl, set up 1 or 2 scarecrows around the pool to terrorize.
(7) Keep the soil around the water moist. Especially in April to May, leeches are in the breeding season, we should often spray water on the bank to keep the soil moist and prevent the soil from drying out and sloughing off to create good conditions for leeches to mate and lay eggs.
(8) During the winter overwintering period, leeches should be prevented from freezing. Leeches mostly overwinter in shallow soil or under dead grass and leaves, and are easily killed by sudden changes in cold weather due to freezing. For this reason, when wintering in the pool near the water covered with some grass thatch or corn stalks, etc., and moderately increase the water level of the pool.
Generally after six months of growth, early spring stocking of seedlings to October can grow into the same size as the adult body, and then can be caught and processed. When you need to keep the seed, choose the individual larger, strong growth to keep the seed, generally per 667 square meters to keep the seed 15 to 20 kg can be. Will leave the leech seed concentrated into the breeding pool overwintering, before wintering to drain the water, pool surface and pool around the straw or straw cover to prevent freezing and keep the soil wet. You can also overwinter with ice, but be sure to deepen the pool water appropriately to prevent complete icing and freezing.