Shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated with either wood segments or substitute materials. The former's dried mushrooms are of good quality, but are limited by forest resources, while the latter's available materials are abundant. Such as straw, corn cobs, cottonseed hulls, sugarcane bagasse, broad-leaf branches, wood shavings, etc. The above-mentioned raw materials can be used as substitute materials (wood substitutes) to cultivate various edible fungi such as shiitake mushrooms, fungus, tremella, enoki mushrooms, hericium, oyster mushrooms, and Grifola frondosa.

Cultivation of shiitake mushrooms with substitute materials has the characteristics of rich sources of raw materials, short production cycle, and easy control of the cultivation environment, which is conducive to the industrialization of shiitake mushroom production, high output, and good benefits. In the late 1980s, my country's annual output of shiitake mushrooms ranked first in the world, and the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms with substitute materials has made great contributions. However, there are certain risks in cultivating shiitake mushrooms with substitute materials, and there are reports of large amounts of pollution and almost no harvests.

Why are bag-grown mushrooms easily contaminated? Because bag-grown shiitake mushrooms actually produce mushrooms on shiitake mushroom strains. In order to produce mushrooms smoothly that year, the seed production season happens to be in the summer with high temperature and high humidity, which is relatively easy to contaminate. In order to reduce the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria and improve the yield of bag-grown shiitake mushrooms, on the basis of following the general requirements for strain production, the following points must also be paid attention to:

(1) Select polyethylene with better quality Or polypropylene plastic tube bags for filling; (2) Sawdust, bran, rice bran, etc. are sieved first (holes 6 to 8 mm × 6 to 8 mm), and then the ingredients are mixed and bagged; (3) Filling and sterilization During operations such as inoculation, inoculation, and transportation, necessary measures should be taken to minimize damage; (4) Strictly select bacterial strains and conduct strict aseptic inoculation; (5) Control the culture bag culture temperature within the range of 23 to 24°C.

Generally speaking, the first four points are easier to achieve as long as you pay attention to them mentally and operate carefully. The fifth point is more difficult to achieve and is the most relevant. Most malignant contamination is caused by red bread mold (Alternaria), Trichoderma and other bacteria that like high temperature and high humidity. For this reason, it is advisable to choose a cooler place for the bacterial culture room. On this basis, artificial cooling (by placing ice bricks indoors, installing air conditioners, etc.) is carried out when high temperatures (≥28°C) arrive to inhibit the occurrence of harmful bacteria. When miscellaneous bacteria occur sporadically, they should be dealt with promptly to control losses to a minimum.