1. Avoid long-term consumption of high cholesterol food hypertensive patients to control cholesterol-rich animal fats and other foods (such as egg yolks, animal offal, fish roe, shrimp, crab roe, cuttlefish, etc.), this is because:
(1) after animal experiments and human dietary habits of the investigation, sure that high cholesterol food and atherosclerosis has a relationship with the onset and development of atherosclerosis.
(2) The amount of food eaten can directly affect the level of cholesterol in the blood. When cholesterol in the blood increases, it is easily deposited into the walls of blood vessels and atherosclerosis occurs.
However, if you are a young hypertensive patient with mild symptoms, your blood cholesterol level is not too high on several occasions, and you are not too obese, you do not need to limit your intake of fatty foods. But hypertensive patients over 40 years of age, even if the blood cholesterol number is not high, there is no complication of atherosclerosis, but still should abandon cholesterol-rich foods.
Meat and fish food (food containing animal fat) are more or less cholesterol-containing, which is not suitable for patients with hypertension, especially atherosclerosis. But do not have to regard as a "tiger", the whole taboo, and should be based on the level of blood cholesterol content and whether there is atherosclerosis and other conditions, appropriate to control. Generally should choose every 100 grams of food containing cholesterol in 100 mg of food for the better.
2. Avoid eating all kinds of egg yolks all kinds of egg yolks in the higher value of cholesterol is necessary to pay attention to. Cholesterol invades the walls of blood vessels and adheres to them, causing atherosclerosis on the tissues, the result of which is an increased risk of myocardial infarction.
It is true that lately people have been eating a variety of eggs such as eggs, duck eggs, goose eggs and other foods more often, and the likelihood of myocardial infarction has increased in comparison with cerebral hemorrhage (stroke).
In any case, the yolks of various egg types should not be eaten.
3. Avoid eating and drinking too much nutrients that the human body needs to rely on diet to obtain. Therefore, to maintain a good diet is very necessary. However, long-term satiety is not a good diet, long-term satiety is not beneficial to human health.
Modern medicine believes that frequent satiety will increase the burden on the stomach and intestines, make the supply of digestive juices insufficient, and even cause indigestion.
Every meal is too full, too much blood concentrated in the stomach and intestines, so that the heart, the brain and other important organs of the corresponding blood supply is insufficient to cause people to feel sleepy, work efficiency decline, coronary heart disease patients are also prone to angina attacks.
Long-term satiety, intake of nutrients more than the body's needs, not only will there be too much fat storage in the body, and sugar and protein will also be converted into fat storage in the body, most of these fat storage in the subcutaneous, liver, abdominal wall and abdominal cavity of the greater omentum and the mesentery, which will result in increased abdominal pressure, the abdominal wall muscle flaccidity, the abdomen protrudes outward. This not only makes it difficult to walk, but also makes you short of breath when you move around a little. The more fat that accumulates in the body, the more difficult it is to move around.
Medical research suggests that long-term continuous satiety is not only detrimental to human health, but also makes people old before they are old, shortens life, and induces cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, diabetes, especially on the brain workers, the negative impact of the greater.
Therefore, the diet should be scientific, should not eat too much for a long time.
4. Avoid excessive consumption of fat meat some people like to eat fat meat, the reason is that the fat meat, good chewing, however, eat more fat meat is not good for people's health.
Because fatty meat is containing saturated fatty acid animal fat, eat too much will make the blood cholesterol content increases, cholesterol deposition in the arterial lining can be caused by atherosclerosis, such as coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction; cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral ischemia can cause dizziness, headache; arterial thrombosis or rupture, cerebral vascular overflow can be caused by blood, is that we often say When arterial thrombosis or rupture occurs, it can cause cerebrovascular hemorrhage, which is what we often refer to as stroke; renal arteriosclerosis, which can cause intractable hypertension; and arteriosclerosis of the extremities, which can cause necrosis of limbs. In addition, excessive consumption of animal fats can also cause cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis and other diseases. Elderly people are prone to the formation of atherosclerosis, if you especially like to eat fatty meat, more accelerate the progress of atherosclerosis, at the same time, poor digestive function, is not suitable for over-eating greasy.
5. Avoid blind weight loss medical profession generally overweight and obesity recognized as one of the important causes of hypertension. Although not all obese people have high blood pressure, but on the whole, the greater the weight, the higher the average blood pressure, and obesity itself and high blood pressure, as well as the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease is a risk factor. Therefore, weight control has become an important way to lower blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
According to statistics, for every kilogram of body weight lost, blood pressure drops by 1 to 2 millimeters of mercury. This is undoubtedly a boon for obese people with hypertension -- if they can reduce their body weight by 10 kilograms in a row, there is hope that their blood pressure will return to normal.
Generally speaking, obesity and diet have a close relationship, for this reason, some people in order to reduce blood pressure and weight loss, and in order to lose weight and blindly control the diet. Unbeknownst to them, this is not good for the body. Because once malnutrition, not only blood pressure can not be reduced, but will cause other problems. The fact is that the company's products and services are not only for the benefit of the customers, but also for the benefit of the customers.
In fact, in addition to diet control, weight loss (heavy) there are three major treasures: physical exercise, a certain amount of work pressure and appropriate sleep time. These methods are non-toxic side effects, spend less, as long as long-term persistence, the same can also play a weight loss effect. Experts advocate physical exercise 3 times a week, each time 20 ~ 30 minutes, to physical endurance and micro-sweat appropriate. For those who usually do not exercise should be gradual. Do not once overworked, halfway, because it is easy to cause a rebound.
6. Avoid drinking too much alcohol a large number of research facts show that drinking too much alcohol (according to foreign standards refers to more than 30 ml of alcohol per day, equivalent to 600 ml of beer, 200 ml of wine or 75 ml of standard whisky) can make the blood pressure and coronary heart disease, stroke morbidity and mortality rate increased.
Research has shown that the reason for the increase in blood pressure due to alcohol consumption is related to alcohol-induced sympathetic excitation, increased cardiac output, and indirectly increased release of other vasoconstrictor substances such as renin. At the same time, alcohol can make blood vessels to a variety of blood pressure-raising substances and increased sensitivity, which leads to increased blood pressure.
Another study found that long-term heavy drinking will also cause damage to cardiomyocytes, so that the heart enlargement and the development of cardiomyopathy; can also induce alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver, and accelerate atherosclerosis. Therefore, patients with hypertension or other cardiovascular diseases must avoid alcohol. However, traditional medicine believes that a small amount of alcohol can dilate blood vessels, blood circulation, help medicine, increase appetite, eliminate fatigue. At the same time, some disease-specific medicinal wine can be consumed in small quantities, especially post-stroke and coronary heart disease patients may be appropriate to choose a certain kind of medicinal wine to drink, but the amount should be kept to a minimum. Adults who already have the habit of drinking alcohol should limit the amount of alcohol consumed, and it is best not to exceed 50 grams of white wine per day.
7. Avoid excessive salt after salt restriction can reduce blood volume, reduce the sodium content of the blood vessel wall, reduce the small arteries on the vasoconstriction of the material reactivity, reduce peripheral vascular resistance, so that the systolic and diastolic blood pressure are down.
Experimental studies have shown that salt intake is positively correlated with the average blood pressure, and salt intake is reduced by 3.5 grams per day, and systolic blood pressure can be reduced by 3~4 mmHg (0.4~0.5 kPa). This effect is especially pronounced in older hypertensive patients and those with higher blood pressure.
Salt restriction not only lowers blood pressure, but also reduces the amount of antihypertensive drugs accordingly. It is generally advocated that daily salt consumption should be controlled at about 5 grams. At the same time, we should also pay attention to reduce the amount of soy sauce, monosodium glutamate and other sodium-containing foods.
8. Avoid drinking too much or too little water is an essential nutrient. For hypertensive patients, water has a special and vital role.
Hypertensive patients are very easy to lose elasticity of blood vessels caused by the thickening of the blood vessel wall, narrowing of the inner lumen of the blood vessels, resulting in poor blood circulation phenomenon. At the same time, the blood of some elderly patients becomes different from that of young people, with a higher ratio of solid components such as red blood cells and autoclaves, and poor excretion of metabolites such as urea and uric acid, resulting in an increase in the viscosity of the blood.
Blood with increased viscosity can barely pass through the lumen of atherosclerotic blood vessels, which can easily lead to blood vessel blockage and the formation of cerebral thrombosis, resulting in cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction.
Medicine believes that blood is composed of 45% of red blood cells and white blood cells and 55% of serum liquid containing proteins, sugars, fats and minerals. In addition to the increase in the ratio of red blood cells and white blood cells causes an increase in blood viscosity, the increase in lipids in the blood will also increase blood viscosity, affecting blood circulation. Excess fat plastered on the walls of blood vessels is very likely to cause atherosclerosis.
But it takes time to reduce excess fat, and hypertensive patients can not effectively avoid atherosclerosis, the only change that can be made is to try to keep the blood flowing and improve blood circulation.
Research has shown that supplemental water is an effective way to improve blood circulation, because water can dilute the blood, so that the blood to restore the smooth state; on the other hand, if you can't supplemental water in a timely manner, it will further promote the increase in blood viscosity, which can cause blood pressure, and even the formation of cerebral thrombosis. At the same time, the lack of water in the body will also make the stool dry, easy to cause constipation, which is also an important cause of elevated blood pressure.
However, drinking too much water at one time can easily increase the amount of blood circulation in a short period of time, which can cause a momentary rise in blood pressure, so hypertensive patients should drink a few more times during the day, and each time drink a little less, and the total amount of drinking water for a day totaled about 1,000 to 1,800 milliliters is the best.
9. avoid drinking caffeine hypertensive patients should stay away from caffeine, especially in times of emotional stress, because stress plus caffeine has a multiplying effect on high blood pressure.
According to a report published in the American Journal of Hypertension, caffeine can push blood pressure to unhealthy levels during stressful emotional situations.
Researchers said in the report that caffeine alone can raise blood pressure, and that caffeine coupled with emotional stress creates a dangerous multiplier effect.
People with a family history of high blood pressure, known as the high-risk group, had the greatest rise in blood pressure after ingesting caffeine, they said.
In general, caffeine alone can raise blood pressure by 5-15 mm Hg. For example, a person whose blood pressure is 120/60 may see a rise to 135/75 after caffeine intake, and blood pressure above 140/90 can have adverse health effects.
The researchers also said that some people drink coffee when they are emotionally stressed, which is actually the wrong thing to do. Risk groups for high blood pressure should especially avoid drinking caffeinated beverages during stressful times at work.
Some people who have been drinking coffee for years think they are immune to the effects of caffeine, but that's not the case, as one study showed that blood pressure can rise for up to 12 hours after a cup of coffee.
10. Avoid calories without control of domestic and foreign nutrition through a large number of studies found that too much intake of certain nutrients, will reduce the resistance of sick patients, and make the disease worse. Our body is composed of tens of billions of cells of the organism, each cell is like the use of nutrients and oxygen to produce energy chemical plant, but also like different forms of energy conversion station, such as muscle cells can be converted into mechanical energy, so that people produce the power to do the work. However, under normal circumstances, the body's caloric needs are compatible with the appetite, when the normal appetite is satisfied, its caloric needs can generally be satisfied, weight can be maintained. If the calorie supply is excessive, it will cause weight gain. From this aspect alone, hypertensive patients should not ignore the control of calorie intake in their daily diet.
Studies have shown that cardiovascular morbidity is more prevalent in those who consume animal fats indiscriminately. As a person who has suffered or has a tendency to develop hypertension, the body's adipose tissue has gradually increased, while other active tissues are correspondingly reduced, the whole body's metabolic level is reduced, coupled with the majority of hypertensive patients are high in age, physical activity tends to be less, the consumption of calories is also relatively reduced. Therefore, hypertensive patients should pay attention to control calorie intake.
According to the international recommended standard, the calorie requirement of a normal person aged 20-39 years as a base, with age, the calorie requirement of the human body should be reduced sequentially, i.e., the person aged 40-49 years should be reduced by 5%, the person aged 50-59 years should be reduced by 10%, the person aged 60-69 years should be reduced by 20%, and the person aged 70 years or above should be reduced by 30%. Under normal circumstances, hypertensive patients can also be used as a reference. In addition, according to research results show that normal healthy people, the reasonable distribution of three meals a day program is: breakfast accounted for 309/6 ~ 40% of the total calories of the day; lunch accounted for 40% ~ 50%; dinner accounted for 20% ~ 30%. Hypertensive patients should also be based on this standard to rationalize the dietary structure.
11. Avoid dietary potassium deficiency recently, from the United States of America in Monterey, California, the American Cardiology Symposium report pointed out that hypertension is typically characterized by thickening of the arterial wall, but when given a sufficient amount of potassium, the arterial wall is no longer thickened, which is mainly potassium on the blood vessels have a protective effect on the arterial wall can be prevented from the mechanical damage of the blood pressure, which reduces the incidence of hypertension and stroke. .
Many scholars in other countries have also studied the relationship between potassium and blood pressure, and found that urinary potassium is negatively correlated with blood pressure. Even more interesting is the fact that the more primitive populations in some regions use "grass ash" (containing potassium chloride) instead of salt, and these populations have very low blood pressure due to the adoption of a low-sodium, high-potassium diet. The blacks in the southeastern United States have a low-potassium diet, and their incidence of stroke is 18 times higher than the national average, which confirms the close relationship between potassium and blood pressure.
This shows that it is beneficial for hypertensive patients to increase their potassium intake appropriately. It is worth noting that some hypertensive patients, due to the continuous use of diuretics, antihypertensive drugs, so that increased urination, potassium and subsequent discharge, the occurrence of low-potassium tendency is more likely to occur, so patients taking such drugs for treatment should pay more attention to potassium supplementation. Potassium supplementation is mainly divided into two categories: drug supplementation and dietary supplementation.
Potassium chloride is often preferred as the drug of choice for potassium supplementation, which is mainly applicable to patients treated with diuretics and antihypertensive drugs, while dietary supplementation is applicable to all hypertensive patients, including those with mild hypertension, who have not yet taken antihypertensive drugs for treatment.
Food supplementation of potassium is mainly to eat more potassium-rich foods, mainly lean meat, beef, fish and other seafood, cabbage, greens, cucumbers, tomatoes, potatoes, oranges, bananas, peaches, raisins and other vegetables and fruits.
According to the American Society for Hypertension Research, clinical trials have proved that potassium ions can promote metabolism, promote the discharge of sodium ions, expand blood vessels, and reduce blood pressure. High-potassium foods have the effect of lowering blood pressure to prevent arterial cholesterol deposition, preventing cerebral hemorrhage and protecting kidneys and heart.
12. Avoid dietary calcium calcium and hypertension are also negatively correlated. Diet if the lack of calcium can contribute to increased blood pressure. Research data show that the average daily calcium intake of 450 to 500 mg, the risk of hypertension is 1400 to 1500 mg daily calcium intake twice. Research data also proved that daily calcium supplementation 1000 ~ 1400 mg can reduce blood pressure, and can make mild hypertension patients blood pressure back to normal.
Calcium supplementation can increase sodium excretion, which can reduce sodium retention. Calcium supplementation can help prevent the elevating effect of sodium on blood pressure.
Calcium intake in the diet of our residents is lower than that of Western diets. About 2/3 of the region, per capita daily intake of calcium is less than 600 mg, resulting in an increase in the incidence of hypertension. This is mainly because of our dietary animal foods, especially milk and milk products, and cereals. Every 100 grams of milk contains 120 mg of calcium, while every 100 grams of cereal contains 10-30 mg of calcium.