Iceland, located on the mid-Atlantic ridge, is a country with many volcanoes and frequent geological activities. The inland is mainly plain landform, with sandy land, cooled lava plains and glaciers distributed in the territory. Although Iceland is located on the edge of the Arctic Circle, it has a suitable climate influenced by the North Atlantic Warm Current.
According to the Book of Colony, the history of European settlers can be traced back to 874 AD. The Viking Inge Janason and his party were the earliest permanent settlers in Iceland, and other earlier settlers only spent the winter in Iceland. In the following centuries, Scandinavians settled in Iceland, and they also brought Gaelic slaves. 1262- 19 18 Iceland became a part of Norway and later came under the Danish royal family. 19 18 Iceland declared its independence and established the Republic in 1944.
Iceland is a highly developed capitalist country, and its citizens have Nordic welfare systems such as health insurance and higher education provided by the state. In 20 14, Iceland was ranked 13 in the United Nations human development index. Iceland is a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with the smallest population and the only country without a standing army. Only the Coast Guard undertakes national defense tasks. 20 19 February, 20 18 global happiness index was released, and Iceland ranked fourth. ? [2]?
Chinese name
* * * Republic of Iceland
foreign name
The Republic of Iceland
abbreviation
Iceland
Belonging continent
Europe
capital
Reykjavik
Major city
Kireri, hafner Vyodur, etc.
national day
1June 944 17
national anthem
Ode to the Millennium
country code
ISL
official language
Icelandic
money
Icelandic krona
time zone
UTC
political system
Parliamentary system * * * and system
National leader
Goodney Johanesson (President), Kathleen Jacob Sdottir (Prime Minister)
population size
366,700 (July 2020)? [3]?
population density
3.4 people/km2 (2020)? [ 12]?
Major ethnic groups
Icelander
Major religions
Lutheranism (Christianity)
Land area
103000 km? [3]?
water rates
2.7%
Gross GDP
$23 billion (2020)? [3]?
Per capita GDP
67,240 dollars? [3]?
international telephone code
354
International domain abbreviation
.is
Road traffic
Drive on the right
national bird
Puffin
national flower
pansy
Independence Day
1 February1day (19 18 years)
The largest city
Reykjavik
Major universities
University of Iceland
In 874, Viking Inge Anason led a group of people to settle in Iceland.
Before Scandinavians and Celts immigrated to Iceland in the 9th-/Kloc-0th century, Iceland was the last uninhabited big island in the world except New Zealand.
In 930, the world's earliest parliament was established (Icelandic: Al? Ingi) and established the Free State of Iceland, although this parliament did not run long after that. Some written evidence shows that Irish monks once lived in Iceland before the arrival of northerners, but there is no archaeological evidence to prove this inference. Iceland has maintained its independence for 300 years.
After a period of civil strife, Iceland joined the rule of Norway in the13rd century. 1397 The establishment of the Kalmar Union unified the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark and Sweden. Therefore, Iceland joined the alliance with Norway and accepted Danish rule after Sweden left the alliance in 1523. For Denmark, Iceland is a distant semi-colonial territory, and Denmark lacks institutions and infrastructure in Iceland. ? [4]?
Around the middle of16th century, as part of the Protestant Reformation, King Christian III of Denmark began to impose Lutheranism on all his subjects. The last Catholic bishop, Jón Arason, and his two sons were beheaded in 1550. Since then, Lutheranism has been the dominant religion in Iceland. ? [4]?
In the 17 and 18 centuries, Denmark imposed strict trade restrictions on Iceland. Natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions and diseases, led to population decline. Pirates from several countries, including the coast of Babari, attacked its coastal settlements and kidnapped people into slavery. /kloc-A smallpox epidemic in the 0/8th century killed about one third of people. 1783, laki volcano erupted, which had a devastating impact. In the years after the outbreak, people called it "Fog Difficult" (English: The Mist Hardships Icelandic: Mó? uhar? indin）。 More than half of the livestock died, and about a quarter of the population died in the subsequent famine. ? [4]?
In the middle of the18th century, Iceland was also influenced by the Enlightenment, which produced scientific pioneers such as eggert Olavsson, Biani palsson and Svein palsson. 1786, Reykjavik was founded with the support of wool industry founded by Scuri magnuson.
During the Napoleonic Wars, because Denmark joined the French side, the British navy blocked Iceland's air routes and seized ships, making Iceland poor again. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, Iceland's struggle for independence came into being. ? [4]? 18 14 Iceland was a colony of the king of Norway before the partition of Denmark and the United Kingdom of Norway according to the treaty of Kiel, and later became a dependency of Denmark. 1874, the Danish government granted Iceland limited autonomy. 19 18, Denmark signed a joint bill with Iceland, and Denmark recognized the Kingdom of Iceland as a sovereign state attached to the Kingdom of Denmark. Since then, Iceland has further gained independence and sovereignty similar to that of a protectorate in internal affairs, while Denmark still retains power in foreign affairs and national defense.
1940, Nazi Germany occupied Denmark during World War II, and the Icelandic parliament announced that the Icelandic government had taken back the power of Iceland's foreign affairs and other affairs from the Danish king. In the same year, Britain occupied neutral Iceland, and the following year, American troops took over from British troops and stationed in Iceland. The Danish king continued to rule by law.
1944 Iceland was founded. The new Republic of China is a member of NATO and signed an agreement with the United States to defend Iceland in 1949. According to this agreement, the United States set up a military base in Kiev Lavic until the end of September 2006, when the United States unilaterally withdrew. So far, Iceland does not have its own army.
For decades after the war, Iceland's economy relied on fishing, and there were several conflicts with neighboring countries because of this resource, including the famous "Cod War" with Britain. In recent years, due to a large amount of investment in heavy industry, Iceland's economy has gradually diversified, aluminum smelting has developed, and the economy has been liberalized and privatized. The financial crisis occurred in Iceland in 2008, which triggered a series of political movements and changes. Iceland became a member of the European Economic Area through EEA, but did not join the European Union. On July 17, 2009, the Icelandic government formally applied to Sweden, which holds the rotating presidency of the European Union, and the European Commission in Brussels, Belgium, but the negotiations on joining the European Union have been suspended.