Enshi Prefecture, the full name of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, has 29 nationalities including Tujia, Miao, Dong, Han, Hui, Mongolian, Yi, Naxi and Zhuang. Among them, Tujia and Tujia culture occupy an important position in Enshi.
Tujia nationality has a long history and is a descendant of far Cubans. Ba people first lived in Jianghan Plain. Later, the Chu people became powerful, Pakistan and Chu fought, and the Ba people failed.
The Ba people retreated to Qingjiang River, and their power reached the east of Sichuan. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Ba people established the first slave vassal state-Bazi State, but it was quickly destroyed by Qin State. Some Ba people retreated to Wuling area and merged with other local tribes to form Tujia nationality.
In the long river of history, after the Ba people migrated to form Tujia nationality, they opened the toast system and toast culture and established the toast city.
There is an antique Tusi City in the northwest of Enshi City, covering an area of 2 15 mu, including the gatehouse, east Yufeng Bridge, Linjun Temple, school compound, Tujia residence, Tusi Palace, Jinjiutang, city wall, bell tower, drum tower, Baihua Garden, white tiger statue, Crouching Tiger Iron Bridge and other buildings. It is the only largest and most magnificent project in China.
At first sight, I thought of Moda Building in Xuanen County. Although the scale is not very grand, the shape is very similar. Moda architecture not only has the traditional architectural cultural factors of Tujia nationality, but also has the historical and cultural imprint of Southern Tusi.
Enshi City also has Tusi City with this cultural factor and imprint, but its scale, engineering and style are the largest and only in China. According to local friends, Tusi City is modeled after the ruins of Tangya Tusi City.
It is worth mentioning that the Tangya Tusi City site is the third batch of world cultural heritage in Hubei Province, but it is very low-key and many people have never heard of it.
Although, I have never witnessed the grand scale of Tangya Tusi City site with my own eyes, enshi tusi castle in front of me makes up for a little regret.
The Tusi Tower is 25m high and12m wide. It is a wooden structure with pure tenon and mortise structure, which shows its preciousness. It not only shows the cultural elements of Tusi architecture, but also permeates the traditional crafts of ancient buildings in China. Such a project was not built in a day.
Looking up, the doors and windows of the gatehouse are composed of 200 doors and 189 carved patterns. There is a bat arch at the top, holding an ancient coin, which means "happiness is in sight". Bats praying together are also common in Chinese culture.
Walking through this gatehouse, you enter Tusi City, put on Tujia costumes and start a time trip.
Tusi system is a political organization system established by the central feudal dynasty, which belongs to the central government and is a political management system of power autonomy. Tusi should pay tribute to the central feudal dynasty regularly, and the central dynasty gave Tusi titles and granted autonomy.
This has been going on for more than 450 years from Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty Yongzheng 13. With the implementation of "changing soil into flow" in Qing Dynasty, the toast system was abolished.
Although the local chieftain paid tribute to the central feudal dynasty, the central feudal dynasty did not pay attention to it. Tusi land is not included in the territory of the feudal central dynasty, and the population is not included in the household registration of the feudal central dynasty. Life and death are in the hands of the dominant party, and the toast king is a local tyrant.
Tusi Wang handles the government affairs of Tusi City every day, including daily life, and consists of government offices, institutions, public security teams and grass-roots political power. Tusi City is like a palace. It is magnificent and has the reputation of "Small Forbidden City in Hubei".
Among them, Wang Fu Jinjiutang is the core of the whole Tusi City, consisting of 333 pillars, 333 stone pillars, 330 doors, more than 90 windows, thousands of carved wooden windows, thousands of purlins and tens of thousands of rafters.
Looking up, the layers are stacked, and the corners of pavilions are flying, high and low, and scattered, which is majestic, majestic and magnificent. Jiujintang is actually the most important Tusi imperial city in Tusi City.
In addition, there is such a seemingly insignificant but very important building in enshi tusi castle, which is Lin Jun Temple.
Lin Jun Temple worships Lin Jun, the ancestor of Tujia nationality, who later became a white tiger, so the white tiger became one of the totems worshipped by Tujia people.
Linjun Temple is a three-story, three-step and double-eaved corridor building, standing on the mountainside in the east-west direction, with magnificent momentum. According to legend, Lin Jun is a son named Ba Wuxiang. Because the day is about to drop to Sri Lanka, Bawu Township became the leader of the Ba people and led them to create another inheritance.
Passing through a place called Yangyan, she was attracted by a local saltwater goddess, who worshipped the August 5th Elephant and hoped that he could stay in Yangyan to open up wasteland. However, Bawu Township thinks that the salt sunny land is small, and it is not a place where Ba people live for a long time, so they have to live up to the goddess' wishes and insist on leaving.
The goddess was furious, and she used countless flying insects to block the way of Bawuxiang. Eight-five incense learned from a painful experience and an arrow hit the goddess.
Later, Bawu Township led the Ba people to settle in Enshi, which was called Yicheng in ancient times, established the Ba country, was honored as a monarch, and turned into a white tiger after his death. Since then, Lin Jun has become the god of life revered by Ba people and Tujia descendants for generations.
For the legendary spoony goddess of salt water, it is said that she and Lin Jun are a pair. Later generations felt the kindness of the goddess cooking salt to save the world, so they also made a statue of the goddess to accompany Lin Jun, calling the goddess the goddess of virtue.
About their story deduction, there is a performance in Tenglongdong, Lichuan City. The actor's handling of the role and the stage effect show the historical legend, which is touching. The ending of "Lin Jun and the Goddess of Salt Water" teaches people that "the meaning is difficult to be flat".