According to the different lifestyles and forms of aquatic plants, they are generally divided into the following categories: emergent plants, floating plants and submerged plants. Aquatic plants Arundo donax's emergent plants include: Lotus, Lychnophora Lychnophora, Acorus calamus, Acorus calamus, Allium fistulosum, Thalictrum nigrum, Barragmites australis, Typha Typha, Alisma orientalis, Eclipta prostrata, Phragmites australis and so on. Floating plants are: water lilies, Eichhornia crassipes, Polygonum cuspidatum, water turtle, Tian Ziping and so on. Submerged plants include: black algae, Ceratophyllum japonicum, POTAMOGETON POTAMOGETON, VALLISNELLIA, POTAMOGETON crispus, etc. Emergent aquatic plants Emergent aquatic plants are tall and colorful, and most of them have stems and leaves. Stand upright, the lower part or base is submerged in water, the roots or stems are plunged into the mud to grow and develop, and the upper plants stand out of the water. There are many kinds of emergent plants, such as lotus, iris flavescens, Lychnophora, Acorus calamus, Typha Typha, Sagittarius sagittarius and so on. Floating-leaf aquatic plants Floating-leaf aquatic plants have well-developed rhizomes, large flowers and bright colors, and no obvious aboveground stems or weak stems, but they usually store a lot of gas in their bodies, so that leaves or plants can float on the water. Common species are Wang Lian, water lilies, Pterocarya papyrifera, Euryale ferox, shepherd's purse and so on. Floating aquatic plants There are few species of floating aquatic plants. The roots of these plants are not born in mud, but the plants float on the water surface, drifting around with the water, lotus flowers and wind and waves, and most of them are mainly leaf-watching, providing decoration and shade for the pool water. And because they can not only absorb minerals in water, but also shield sunlight from the water, they can also inhibit the growth of algae. Floating plants grow very fast, which can provide covering decoration on the water surface more quickly. However, some varieties, such as water hyacinth, grow and multiply particularly rapidly and may become a pest in the water. So you need to fish out some regularly with a net. Otherwise they will cover the whole water surface. In addition, don't introduce such plants into large ponds, because it will be very difficult to remove such plants from large ponds. Submerged aquatic plants The roots of submerged aquatic plants are born in mud, and the whole plant sinks into water, and the ventilation tissue is particularly developed, which is conducive to gas exchange in an environment where air in water is extremely scarce. Most of the leaves are long and narrow or filiform, and all parts of the plant can absorb nutrients in the water, and can grow and develop normally under the condition of weak light underwater. There are certain requirements for water quality, because water quality will affect its utilization of weak light. Flowers are small and short-lived, mainly for leaf viewing. They can produce oxygen during the day, which is beneficial to balance the chemical composition in water and promote the growth of fish. Hydrophytes, such as plants, grow near the pool, and can grow from the depth of 23cm to the mud near the pool. There are many species of waterside plants, which mainly play an ornamental role. Waterfront plants planted beside small wildlife pools can provide hiding places for waterfowl and other moving lotus plants that patronize the pools. Waterfront plants that grow in natural conditions may spread in pieces. However, after transplanting to small pools, as long as they are pruned frequently, there will be no problem in controlling the spread of roots with cultivation pots. Some prefabricated pools have shallow water areas, which are specially prepared for waterside plants. Of course, plants can also be planted in flat-bottomed cultivation pots and placed directly in shallow water. Hygrophilic plants are plants that grow in moist soil near pools or streams, but their roots cannot be submerged in water. Humidity-loving plants are not really aquatic plants, but they like to grow and live where there is water. Only when the roots are kept moist for a long time can they flourish. Common plants are primrose, Hosta and Astilbe, as well as woody plants such as willow. Edit this paragraph to summarize the planting methods. Aquatic plants should be planted according to the habits of different species or varieties. In landscape construction, there are two different technical ways to plant aquatic plants: one is to build a planting tank at the bottom of the pool, spread a culture soil with a thickness of at least 15 cm, and plant aquatic plants in the soil; The second is to plant aquatic plants in a container and then sink the container into the water. The two methods introduced above have their own advantages and disadvantages. The method of planting aquatic plants in containers and then sinking them into the water is more common, because it is convenient to move. For example, in winter in the north, the containers must be taken out to prevent severe cold; When changing soil, adding fertilizer and dividing plants in spring, the operation is also more flexible and labor-saving. Moreover, this method can keep the pool water clear, and it is convenient to clean the bottom of the pool and change the water. When the planter pool is built, the planting tank should be built in a suitable depth of water, and the humus-rich culture soil should be added. Generally, wooden cases, bamboo baskets, wicker baskets, etc. are selected as planters, which will not rot within one year. When selecting, attention should be paid to the fact that after being planted with soil, it will not be dumped in the water or overturned by wind and waves. Generally, there is no need for a container with holes, because the cultivated soil and its fertilizer efficiency are easily lost into the water and even pollute the water quality. Different aquatic plants have different requirements for water depth, and the containers are placed in different positions. Generally, a stone platform is built in water, and the container is placed on the jacking of the platform to make it safe and reliable. Another method is to bind the container with two water-resistant ropes, and then fix the ropes on the shore and press them under the stone. If the water level is close to the shore and there are scattered rocks on the shore, the rope should be hidden, otherwise the landscape effect will be affected. The soil can be carefully screened with clean garden soil to remove twigs, weeds, dead leaves, etc., and try to avoid using mud in the pond to avoid mixing seeds of aquatic weeds or other harmful organisms. Taking this as the main material, a small amount of coarse bone meal and some slow-release nitrogen fertilizer are added. The management of aquatic plants is generally simple. After planting, in addition to daily management, the following points should be paid attention to: (1) Check whether there are pests and diseases; (2) Check whether the plants are crowded, and generally divide them once every three to four years; Aquatic plants (3) regularly apply topdressing; (4) Remove weeds from the water, and change the water or clean it thoroughly when the bottom of the pool or the water is too dirty. When planting aquatic plants, we must master some principles to make them grow well. 1.sunshine: most aquatic plants need sufficient sunshine, especially in the growing period, that is, between April and October every year. If the sunlight is insufficient, they will grow in vain, their leaves will be small and thin, and they will not bloom. 2. Soil: Except for floating plants, planting other kinds of aquatic plants should use organic clay soil such as field soil and pond mud as the bottom soil, and cover the surface with coarse sand with a diameter of one to two centimeters to prevent water turbidity caused by irrigation or vibration. When planting at home, in order to prevent odor and breeding mosquitoes, pots containing soil can be placed outdoors, and plants with good growth can be selected and placed in water containers for indoor viewing and replacement at any time. Waterside plants can be planted with field soil and broken water moss. 3. Fertilization: Take the jade fertilizer of oil meal and bone meal as the base fertilizer, and put about four or five jade fertilizers in the corner of the container, and the waterside plants do not need the base fertilizer. Top dressing uses chemical fertilizer instead of organic fertilizer to avoid polluting water quality, and the dosage is ten times thinner than that of ordinary plants. 4. Water level: Aquatic plants have different requirements for water depth according to their different growth habits. Floating plants are the simplest, and only need enough water depth to float them; For submerged plants, the water height must exceed that of the plants, so that the stems and leaves can stretch naturally. Waterside plants keep the soil moist and slightly waterlogged. Emergent plants have to maintain a water depth of about 50 cm to 1 meter because their stems and leaves will protrude out of the water. Floating plants are troublesome, and the water level should be adjusted according to the length of stems, so that the leaves float on the water in a natural state. 5. Dredging: If all kinds of aquatic plants are planted in the same pool, the species with rapid reproduction, such as duckweed and daping, must be regularly thinned to avoid covering the water surface and affecting the growth of water lilies or other submerged plants; When floating plants are too large and their leaves cover each other, they must also be divided into plants. 6. Water change: In order to avoid mosquito breeding or water quality deterioration, water must be changed when water is turbid, and the number of water changes must be increased in summer. 2. Aegilops Taiwan Province is very fertile, and their roots are very thick and hard, like cow bones, which the Japanese call river bones. 3. Water hibiscus Water hibiscus is a common name derived from its flower-like shape. Its official name is Daping. It belongs to a perennial floating plant of Araceae. It is native to tropical and subtropical waters and likes sunny and warm climate. In winter, Daping, who is afraid of cold, will wither and must move indoors. The plants planted indoors for many years are small and exquisite because of insufficient sunshine, and can be cultivated in pottery bowls, glass jars and stone plates. Second, the weeds in the summer pool1Daping Daping's flowers are very inconspicuous in the axillary leaves, and are often mistaken for newly sprouted tender leaves. If the growth environment is suitable, the reproductive ability of Daping is amazing. Mature plants will sprout many stems, and each stem will sprout a seedling, so picking up a Daping will implicate a bunch of Daping families! Daping breeds rapidly, often occupying most of the water surface in the limited planting space, which hinders the growth of other aquatic plants. Excess plants must be removed from time to time, given away or dried, and never thrown into rivers or ponds to avoid serious weed problems. 2. In addition to Daping, there are other plants floating on the water surface, such as Daping, Sophora japonica and duckweed. Among them, the sight of the group of Daping lotus is breathtaking. However, the most dazzling bag lotus in the summer pool was crowned as "evil grass". Bag-lily, which originated in South America and belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae, has a yellow spot and a deep purple-blue halo in the center of the upper petal, which is like water hyacinth, so it is also called water hyacinth. There is an enlarged floating sac at the base of petiole, which makes the plant float and has strong reproductive ability. It often covers the water surface and blocks the channel, hence the name "evil grass". On the balcony, courtyard or top floor, it can be cultivated in pools, abandoned bathtubs, wooden barrels, pottery or glass aquariums, filled with fertile soil or alluvial soil, filled with clear water, and thrown into the bag lotus for branching. 3. Hedyotis diffusa and Lilium davidii belong to the family Hedyotis, and they are native floating plants in Taiwan Province, with purple-blue flowers, two to twenty-one in a string, which usually bloom in the morning and wither in the afternoon. Although the life of flowers is short, the individual flowering time will be staggered, so it appears that the flowering period is very long and the ornamental value is extremely high; Compared with the gorgeous Eichhornia crassipes, Hedyotis diffusa is petite and lovely, which is very suitable for container planting. In a limited home space, its pocket size will not give people a complicated and abrupt feeling, so it is a native aquatic plant worth popularizing. Although the number of wild species has decreased a lot in recent years, groups of Hedyotis diffusa can still be found in ditches in rural fields. 4. Wild waterside plant species1.Wild arrowhead: commonly known as water taro, it is a perennial herb of Alismataceae, with a raceme of white flowers and three to five whorls, and often grows in shallow water or mud areas near fields. 2. Syringa oblata: commonly known as water banana, the capsule has a long cylindrical shape like a reduced banana, about 20 to 150 centimeters high, and it is a subshrub herb with yellow flowers and open all the year round, which is common in streams and pools. 3. Water dragon: commonly known as the river dragon, a herb of the family Salicaceae, with yellow flowers and axillary flowers. Its roots are planted on the shore and the stems and leaves float on the water. It looks like a floating plant, and it is often a place for fish to rest and nest in the stream. 4. Lobelia chinensis: Named for its flowers like Lobelia chinensis, it is about 40 cm high, and it has purplish red flowers in autumn, which can be seen all over Taiwan Province and often grows on the wet ground beside paddy fields. 5. Phyllostachys pubescens: an annual herb of Commelina, with a height of about 10 to 25 cm, narrowly lanceolate leaves that look like bamboo leaves. Flowers are solitary in the axils of the top leaves, pink, open all year round, and often grow on wet ridges, lawns or ditches. The fine roots of waterside plants are particularly developed, so it is necessary to use wide-mouth shallow pots when planting, and it is best to use impermeable plastic white pots, which can not only moisturize but also not absorb heat easily. If planting with ordinary earthen pots, it is best to attach impermeable pots to the outer layer; Every other year, you must change pots or divide plants once. Since 2000, the state has formulated and promulgated a series of policies to restore and protect wetlands, and the waterscape design close to nature and returning to nature in cities has also been loved and respected by people. These are the reasons that lead to the hot sales of aquatic plants. "This year, the aquatic plant market is too hot. In February and March, more than 10,000 aquatic flowers produced by people were ordered out, and more than 10 orders were pushed away. Some farmers have now begun to book orders for next year. " This is Zou Xiuwen, manager of Beijing Shuitian Horticulture Company. This is the case in the north. What about the aquatic market in the south? From Nanjing Yilianyuan, Ningbo Lianyuan and other enterprises, we know that the aquatic plants they produce, like Beijing, have been sold out at the beginning of the year. According to the insiders, lotus, water lily, water hyacinth, Lychnophora decumbens, barracuda, iris decumbens, calamus decumbens, reed decumbens, houttuynia decumbens and water candle are the top ten aquatic plant species that have been selling well in recent years. However, lotus, water lily, LYSIMACHIA crassipes, barracuda and Allium mosaic are the most widely used aquatic plants in greening projects in the north and south. In terms of market demand, large and medium-sized lotus flowers with deep water tolerance have always been in short supply. Most of the lotus flowers sold in the market are resistant to water depth of 0.8 to 1 m, but there are almost no deep-water varieties with water depth above 1.5 m. Wang Qichao, president of Lotus Branch of China Flower Association, said that wild deep-water lotus with water depth of 1.8 to 2 meters has been found in Northeast China and Yunnan, and some enterprises are conducting artificial breeding, which is believed to be available in the market in a few years. Deep-water lotus will be a new bright spot in the future aquatic plant market. Ding Yuesheng, chairman of Nanjing Yilianyuan, is more optimistic about the market of small water lilies, cut water lilies and cut water lilies. Now, the company is working on breeding the above varieties. Wang Zhengyin, manager of Beijing Huairou Junshen Garden, believes that miniature potted plants are the best way to broaden the sales of aquatic plants. A potted plant with floating leaves and emergent plants sold in Chencun, Guangzhou is very popular. He said: "Next year, people will try to launch 100 potted plants with different leaf colors." Wang Qichao said that breeding lotus varieties that can bloom all year round is a shortcut to enter the family market. The selected winter lotus series' Donghonghua',' Naoshuang' and' Xuelihonghua' can bloom all the year round in the south, with a flowering period of about one week. In the north, lotus flowers can also be seen on National Day, and the market prospect is very good. With the synchronous increase of production and usage, the price of aquatic plants has a downward trend. According to Zhang Qiujun, general manager of Ningbo Lianyuan, Allium fistulosum, Lychnophorum japonicum and Schizophyllum japonicum have dropped from tens of yuan/plant in previous years to one or two yuan/plant now, but the prices of German iris and Yujiuhua, which have good landscape effect and are not easy to reproduce, have been high. He believes that the price of aquatic plants with increased usage and production will inevitably fall. Under the market regulation, the price of aquatic plants is becoming more and more reasonable.