Chinese dwarf cherry seed

Alias Shanmeizi and Xiaoliren. It is the seed of prunus humilis bunge, a Rosaceae plant.

2. Deciduous shrub, height1~1.5m. Bark grayish brown, branchlets pilose. Leaves alternate, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5 ~ 5 cm long and1~ 2 cm wide, with sharp apex, shallow serrations on the edge and scattered pubescence along the main vein below; Stipules linear, caducous. Flowers and leaves are open at the same time, solitary or 2 flowers are combined, and pedicels are sparsely pubescent; Sepals 5, reflexed after anthesis; Petals 5, white or pink; Stamens are numerous; Carpels 1. Drupe is nearly spherical, about 1.5cm in diameter, bright red when ripe, flowering in April-May and fruiting in May-June.

Born on barren hills or sand hills. Location: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei and Shandong.

3. A shrub species of Prunus of Rosaceae endemic to China, which is mainly distributed in Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia in the central and western regions.

And northeast China. As the professional name of this plant, the name Prunus humilis was named by Mr. Chen Rong, a plant taxonomist.

In the study of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit), it was found that Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) contains various mineral elements beneficial to human body, especially

The content of calcium is higher than that of ordinary fruits, and in order to highlight its high calcium content, its trade name "calcium fruit" was born.

. The fruit of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) used to be a "tribute" in history, and Emperor Kangxi had a soft spot for eating Prunus humilis since childhood. Even once

Send personnel to plant specially for the palace.

First, the economic value of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is extremely high. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is widely used. The pulp is edible and the kernel can be used as medicine.

Stem can be used as feed and weaving material, and its development and utilization prospect is very broad. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is red, glittering and translucent and lovely, and the fruit

It is oblate, round, jujube-shaped and pointed-pile-shaped, with thick and sweaty meat, moderate sweet and sour taste, unique taste and rich nutrition.

There are many kinds of vegetables with high content, which is superior to walnut fruits such as cherry, plum, apricot and peach. Among them, vitamin A, vitamin b2, vitamine

B 12, vitamin C, vitamin E and trace elements such as potassium, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc, magnesium and selenium are abundant.

Most of them are several times to dozens of times higher than the above fruits, and contain 18 amino acids including lysine, and the sugar content of mature fruits is as high as.

14%— 19%。 The contents of calcium and iron per hundred grams of fresh fruit are 7-10 times and 6-10 times that of apples, reaching 60-90 mg and1.5-

2.5 mg; Fruit trees have special effects in greening and beautifying the environment, controlling barren hills and deserts, and preventing soil erosion.

The industry bureau is listed as an excellent tree species of ecological forest, and its development and utilization value is mainly manifested in the following six aspects.

1. As a new fruit cultivation and edible Prunus humilis (calcium fruit), there are many biological groups and fruit types, and it is a valuable breeding material.

Material. Prunus humilis (Caenocarpus humilis) can be cultivated as a "grassland orchard" because of its short plant, fast growth and strong fruit-bearing ability, and it can be cultivated by using ridges.

Planting in the corner is very beneficial. Can also be used as a general tree orchard intercropping planting, generally flowering and fruiting in the same year, the yield per mu can be

Up to 100 kg, the yield per mu can reach 300 to 500 kg in the second year and 1000 to 1500 kg in the third year; Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

The market price is relatively high, reaching 10 per kilogram to 20 yuan, and the income per mu can reach several thousand yuan or even ten thousand yuan. If greenhouse cultivation is used

, can realize the annual listing, and the benefits are higher. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has red, yellow and purple fruits, which are bright and attractive and delicious.

Mouth is the best choice for high-grade fruit in the city. The calcium contained in Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is natural active calcium, which is easy to absorb and has high utilization rate.

The best fruit for people and children to supplement calcium.

2. deep processing and comprehensive utilization of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has been used as a tribute for the royal family in history. especially

The content of calcium ranks first among all fruits. According to the determination, every100g of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) contains protein1.5g and vitamin C 47g.

360 mg of calcium and 58 mg of iron. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is also rich in sugar, vitamin B, various trace elements necessary for human body and 17.

With this amino acid, the edible rate of fruit can reach over 90%, the juice yield is about 80%, and the soluble solids are10%-15%. Sweet and sour flavor

The fruit has a strong aroma and can be processed into fruit juice, fruit wine, fruit vinegar, fruit milk, canned food, preserved fruit and other foods. Branches can be woven into various types.

handicrafts

3. Greening and beautifying the environment. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has small clusters and dense flowers, which is very beautiful. Using Prunus humilis with different colors (

Calcium fruit), planting flower beds or hedges in courtyards, parks, streets, expressway and other places can form flower viewing in spring and summer.

The environmental effect of enjoying leaves and fruit in autumn gives people a beautiful enjoyment. Used as ornamental plant cultivation: Prunus humilis (calcareous fruit) is short.

, flowers, very beautiful. Various colors, flower shapes similar to cherry blossoms, similar flowering period, and its shrub-like and arbor-like cherry blossoms.

It can form a patchwork and complementary ornamental effect, so some people call it "China Cherry Blossom" and use Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) as a bonsai.

Its plant type is compact, and its fruit is gorgeous and dazzling, which can be both ornamental and edible, killing two birds with one stone. Gardens can be used as shrub flower belts and shrub balls.

Configuration. It has a wide range of adaptation and a high survival rate, and is a rising star of shrubs that need to be popularized urgently in barren hills greening and urban landscaping.

4. The stems and leaves of Prunus humilis (Caenomeles) used as feed for cattle and sheep have high nutritional value, which not only contains sugar and eggs needed by the growth and development of cattle and sheep.

White matter and other general nutrients are an important source of calcium supplementation for bone development of cattle and sheep. The development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) can be considered with animal husbandry.

Combination to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of planting.

5. Medicinal function Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is the main original plant of traditional Chinese medicine Prunus humilis kernel, which has the effect of clearing away heat and benefiting water.

The price per kilogram is nearly 100 yuan. Plum kernel is a commonly used Chinese medicine, which has been used for more than 2000 years. "Yu Liren contains Li glycoside.

Prunuside, amygdalin, fatty oil. It is flat in nature, pungent and bitter in taste, and can moisten the intestines to relieve constipation, induce diuresis and reduce swelling; Used for constipation.

, dysuria, edema. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has diuretic and laxative effects; Prunus mume tincture has obvious antihypertensive effect; Plumoside

It has obvious purgative effect. The root of Prunus humilis is used in folk remedies to treat varicose veins and vasculitis, which has a good treatment.

Function.

6. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) used for the development of ecological soil and water conservation function is a powerful economy for the country to choose ecological function in suitable place

Requirements of tree species; It is farmers who increase their income under poor site conditions and can make important contributions to ecological construction and economic construction.

A good project. Cerasus humilis (Cerasus humilis) is an extremely drought-resistant and pest-resistant shrub tree species with strong adaptability and low temperature of -35℃.

It has a strong role in soil consolidation and water conservation. It can be planted in areas with ph below 8 on flat land and hillside, or between trees and fruit trees.

Planting on the edge of terraces. Cerasus humilis (Cerasus humilis) is a rare tree species for greening barren hills and controlling soil erosion in a short time.

The popularization of planting in northwest, north and northeast China will certainly make an important contribution to the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas of China.

Prunus humilis (Cerasus humilis) has special drought resistance and is suitable for planting in arid areas. This characteristic comes from itself, and it is also a ring for many years.

The result of environmental changes.

(1). The physiological characteristics of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) are that it can avoid drought in drought and accumulate water in rainy season. In the dry spring, Prunus humilis

(Calcium fruit) not only has high water content in leaves, but also has strong water retention capacity. Prunus humilis leaves are small and thick, although the stomatal density is large, but

Small pores, less water loss. In the dry season, the growth rate of aboveground parts slows down, and a large number of basal buds are produced at the base of soil plants, which

Buds don't germinate, but once they are exposed to rain, they can form underground stems to elongate in the soil, form rhizomes or sprout out of the surface to form new ones.

Plants. This physiological characteristic is the internal factor of drought resistance of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit).

(2) The fruit of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) also has the characteristics of drought tolerance. In the early spring of dry season, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) can also blossom and sit.

Fruit, but the fruit basically stops growing, and it will not drop. When the rainy season comes, the huge root system quickly absorbs rainwater and supplies it centrally.

Fruit. In just 10-20 days, the fruit will expand to 8- 10 times the original. After the fruit is ripe, because the fruit stalks and branches, fruit stalks and fruits

No delamination will occur, even if it is dry, it will not drop fruit lightly. It can be seen that compared with other fruit trees, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has no abscission of fruit stalk.

The long-term evolution process of Prunus humilis (Calycarpus humilis) is due to the characteristics of Tao and the superb high-efficiency water use ability of avoiding drought in dry season and collecting water in rainy season.

, a perfect combination with nature.

(3) Cerasus humilis (Cerasus humilis) has the characteristics of rhizomes and rhizomes, and has tenacious vitality. The unique resistance of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

Drought is also characterized by its habit of "no distinction between roots and stems". Generally, the roots of plants have a fixed absorption function, while the stems have a supporting and transporting function.

During the rhizome growth and development of Prunus humilis (Cerasus humilis), different conditions produce different results because of the need to adapt to drought. Zaiji

Under the condition of moderate drought, the branches and leaves on the ground stop growing, but in the topsoil, the basal buds can be formed at the base of the plants without germination.

(4) Huge reticular root system. Prunus humilis (Cerasus humilis) is a strong tillering root system, and its huge root system is intertwined, with the ratio of root to shoot.

9.17:1,which is 7.84 times larger than that of apple and 1.6 times larger than that of apricot, which is one of the inherent characteristics of its strong drought resistance. Due to the root system

Criss-crossing, concentrated in the soil layer of 20-40 cm, the deepest can reach 1.5-2 m, forming a network structure with dense topsoil.

The soil in the 20 cm deep soil layer is tightly wrapped. In addition, the lush foliage greatly reduces the erosion of the surface by rain. Can effectively block the table

Layer soil is blown away by wind and washed away by rain. It shows a strong function of water and soil conservation, especially in places with large slope and strong light.

The soil consolidation effect is stronger and the effect is more obvious.

(5) Prunus humilis (Caenocarpus humilis) has strong natural regeneration ability, short life cycle, fast propagation speed and no tall plants on the ground. exist

In the investigation, the root distribution and growth process can be observed by digging the profile, and it can be seen that the root distribution is mainly horizontal roots, with a large number and vertical roots.

There are few taproot systems, and we can see that the basic branches (newly sprouted branches) grow vigorously. Generally, the next year, 80% of the total number of bearing branches is

In fact, branches with more than 2 years old account for 15-20%, and few branches with more than 3 years old bear fruit. At the same time, the horizontal root system has strong ability to sprout new branches and a large number.

It laid the foundation for breeding offspring and adapting to the arid environment. After sowing, the seedlings can form flower buds in that year, bear fruit in the next year, and thirdly.

Enter the full fruit period in. Its childhood is very short, and it takes only 16 months from sowing seeds to forming new seeds, which is not common in natural fruit trees.

Have the characteristics of preparation. It is also a special feature of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) for its short life cycle, rapid reproduction, long-term adaptation to drought and survival of the fittest.

Extraordinary skills. It is also the main reason why Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is widely distributed naturally.

(6). After planting, it grows quickly and covers a large area. Because of the above characteristics, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) generally grows in a shape.

In addition, root tiller seedlings and stem root sprouting seedlings can spread and grow rapidly to form a piece. It is reported that the surface runoff experiment in arid mountainous area

The results show that the surface runoff and sediment can be greatly reduced in the second year after planting Prunus humilis (Cerasus humilis), which is mainly due to dense branches and surface leaves.

The superposition of sheets increases the resistance to rainwater runoff, and most of the water penetrates into the soil layer, thus conserving water. After 3 years, it can reach ordinary trees 10.

Effect of soil consolidation and water conservation in. In the three northern regions of China, there are the most sandstorms, and the soil types are mostly loess and limestone soil, which is very suitable for Europe.

Plum (calcareous fruit) grows, so this tree is the best ecological tree species in the north, especially in areas with long spring drought and concentrated rainy season. exist

Planting in arid areas can not only survive, but also make use of concentrated rainy season to obtain high yield, and at the same time obtain three major effects of ecology, economy and society

Benefit.

Second, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has strong adaptability and can be widely cultivated in China. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is a shrub fruit tree because of its

The root system is huge, the basic branches and tillers are developed and the resistance is strong. Therefore, the survival is easy, the pruning is simple, and the requirements for management technology are not high.

But in order to obtain high yield and high quality, we must pay attention to the following management techniques.

1. Land selection and soil preparation: Garden can be built separately on flat land and sloping land, and ridge and field edge can also be planted, in trees and fruit trees with good ventilation and light transmission.

Intercropping can also be done between rows. The flat land can be made into a small ridge with a ridge width of 0.3m and a ridge width of1.2m.. The sloping land can be turned over according to the contour line, and the ridge is high and wide.

It can be flexibly grasped according to different slopes, and the contour spacing should be 1.0- 1.5 meters. Before the flat land is deeply turned, the organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be laid flat on the ground.

Watch, when turning the ground, pay attention to breaking the dung and clods, and mix them evenly, the depth can be controlled at about 40 cm. Slope according to contour line

When fertilizing and digging trenches, we must pay attention to using deep soil as a ridge, and step on it firmly to reduce surface runoff and ensure long-term water storage.

. Planting on sloping land, it is best to choose semi-sunny slope and sunny slope plots.

2. Planting time: Bare-rooted seedlings can be planted in spring and autumn. Spring planting, it is best to plant before the spring buds expand, in the northern region.

It is usually planted in early March. Green seedlings in nutrient pots can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, but the earlier the better, the latest in autumn.

Sometimes, it should be able to make the seedlings grow for another month after planting, which can generally ensure the normal overwintering of the seedlings.

3. Plant row spacing: The flat land can be planted at a density of 0.5m× 0.5m.. In order to make full use of land, convenient management and more early

Income.

4. Water topdressing: Although Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) is drought-resistant and barren-resistant, because of its large yield, sufficient water and fertilizer can ensure Prunus humilis.

High and stable yield of (calcium fruit). Therefore, where conditions permit, it is still necessary to water and topdressing. Generally, topdressing three times a year will do.

Before flowering, during fruit expansion and after harvest. It is better to apply fruit tree compound fertilizer to the roots. And adding 5- 10 kg into the fertilizer.

Ferrous sulfate (black alum). Generally, it is about 60 kg per mu each time, and the effect of applying it in straight furrow is better than that of spreading it, and each topdressing should be combined with watering.

Water. At the later stage of fruit expansion, foliar topdressing should be done for more than two times, and foliar spraying can choose urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and organic iron fertilizer.

In order to make up for the urgent need for nutrients in fruit development. The watering time and frequency can depend on the water shortage in the soil, and the number of times in spring should be less than each time.

Full, which is conducive to raising the ground temperature. It is best not to water during flowering to prevent wet and rotten flowers. Before the land is frozen, it should be well watered with sufficient freezing water.

In order to help the root system to resist freezing and alleviate the drought in early spring next year.

5. Pruning: after planting, the seedlings should be properly cut short above the ground, and the branches with the thickness less than 1 mm should be thoroughly thinned out, and the branches should be longer than.

When the branches of 30cm are cut short to 25-30cm, the trunk of the seedlings generally remains 30-40cm, and the development of the top end is about 5- 10cm.

Cut off the area. Generally, 1 root bud sprouting from underground part is reserved in the first year, and it is better to stay away from the mother plant, and l-2 buds are reserved in the second year, and then.

Seedlings are determined according to the development of main clumps. Generally, the main branches are completely renewed in 3-5 years, and the new main branches are mainly new roots.

After culture, the fruiting branches can bear fruit at will or be cut short to 15-20cm, depending on the thickness of the branches.

6. Thinning flowers and fruits: For the big seedlings of more than one year, they should be appropriately cut short in early spring. Branches whose base thickness is less than 1 mm should be completely penetrated.

In addition to thinning the bottom, the branches that are too long can be cut short to less than 30 cm, and the trunk of the seedlings is generally maintained at 30-40 cm, and the top is about 5- 10.

Branches of cm are generally underdeveloped and should be cut off. Generally, there are 1-2 basal branches and tillers sprouting underground every year for the first three years.

If too much is reserved, the original main branches will soon weaken. How much to keep or not depends on the development of the front main cluster branches. Every future

In 2008, some weak upper branches should be updated and pruned, and the perennial main stems can be shortened by short shearing to make them reach a single cluster.

There are 6-7 tillers and basic branches, and 20-30 annual robust branches. In order to obtain higher yield and larger fruit, it is generally every year.

A plant can keep about 200 fruits, which are distributed on 3-4 basic branches and about a dozen branches. The fruit thinning period can be when the fruit grows to

When soybeans are small.

7. Pest control: Prunus humilis (calcareous fruit) has fewer pests and diseases, and spraying a 3-degree lime-sulfur mixture before germination can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Health. When there is much rain and humidity, triadimefon can be used to control powdery mildew, streptomycin can be used to control leaf perforation, and intercropping with other fruit trees.

, should prevent and control the harm of fruit eaters, and choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue such as Kung Fu, Aifuding and Phoxim. In May-June,

Spray medicine within 2-3 days after the rain. Aphids can be controlled by imidacloprid. : "There is water under the hoe, and there is fire under the hoe", and it is possible to loosen the soil and weed frequently.

Very effectively reduce the competition between weeds and Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) for water and fertilizer, and increase ventilation and light transmission.

The popularization and development prospect of Prunus humilis (Calycarpus humilis) is good. Prunus humilis (Calacarpus humilis) is a unique wild economic plant in China.

The potential of industrial development, people's growing demand for calcium, iron and convenient green drinks is Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

Deep processing provides a very broad and possible development prospect, and provides unlimited business opportunities for medical care and food and beverage industry. Prunus humilis (

The consumption of fruit juice, fruit wine, preserved fruit, etc. will be popularized and will last for a long time; The kernel of calcium fruit has the functions of detumescence, diuresis and catharsis.

, is a very good medicinal material, the market price of medicinal materials is not unreasonable, and the pharmaceutical industry can also process it. Prunus humilis with high oil yield (

The high oleic acid content of calcium fruit oil dares to compete with olive oil; The natural pigment extracted from peel can form crystals, which will definitely become food additives.

The darling of the agent; The rich fragrance of fruit has long been valued by people in the spice processing industry.

The vast and cheap barren hills and slopes make it possible to plant Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) in a large area, which is easy to grow, live and bear fruit.

Its deep processing provides abundant raw materials for production, and the huge market demand has injected enough power into the processing industry. Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) should

Industrialization will become the knowledge of more and more people. The stems and leaves of calcium fruit can be fed to cattle, and can be driven by its large biomass.

The development of animal husbandry. Because this tree species is planted with a large amount of seedlings per mu, the general planting density can reach 1000-2000 plants, and it produces calcium fruits.

At the same time, it can also drive and promote the development of seedling production in various places. It is reported that the plant cologne technology invented by researcher Li Changxiao.

The rapid production of Prunus humilis seedlings on a large scale at low cost can lay a good foundation for the construction of industrial raw material base.

Good foundation, save the time of base construction and the cost of project investment. China's economic development and ecological protection often produce many.

Contradictions, government departments often have the feeling that they can't have both, which is very helpless. The majority of farmers consider more: hope is on the rise.

Developing economic trees to improve the ecology can bring high direct economic benefits to oneself. Most of the traditional economic trees are not only water

Soil conservation ability and stress resistance are poor, and in areas with poor environmental conditions, there is little room for developing economic forests, creating a higher economy.

The possibility of economic benefits is even smaller. In fact, it is difficult to give consideration to both economic benefits and ecological benefits. And the special of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit)

Sex and potential high efficiency can just help solve this problem. Therefore, in the vast areas of central, western, eastern and northeastern China today,

In the process of improving the ecology and guiding farmers to increase their income, Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) has great selectivity. I believe that China is

After the scale development of Prunus humilis (Caenocarpus humilis), it will form lines in Prunus humilis processing industry, pharmaceutical industry, animal husbandry and seedling industry.

The good situation of unified industrial development.

At present, the industrialization development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) market is still in a step-by-step stage in China, which is of great significance to governments, enterprises and enterprises in various regions

It is the best time for people of insight to invest in the project. With the deepening of the research and development of Prunus humilis (calcium fruit) and the guidance of the national forestry department.

The gradual establishment of a large-scale raw material base will promote the healthy development of Prunus humilis industry and promote the economic and industrial development of many provinces and regions in China.

It will have a great impact on the sustainable development of agricultural economy in mountainous areas of China and even the world.