Disulfiram-like reaction can be explained by normal alcohol metabolism. After alcohol enters the body, it is first converted into acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver, then converted into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and acetic acid enters the citric acid cycle, and finally converted into water and carbon dioxide. These two enzymes play an important role in alcohol metabolism.
Cephalosporins, especially the methylthiotetrazole group (MTT) contained in the third-generation cephalosporins, can inhibit the activity of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, make acetaldehyde unable to degrade, and cause acetaldehyde poisoning, which is called disulfiram-like reaction. This will lead to blushing, increased heart rate, low blood pressure and other manifestations. In severe cases, it can cause respiratory depression, myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, convulsion and death.
Extended data
Cephalosporin is a kind of antibiotics which is semi-synthetic modified by the side chain of natural cephalosporin C cultivated by cephalosporin.
There are about 30 kinds in common use, which can be divided into the first generation, the second generation, the third generation and the fourth generation according to the different invention time and antibacterial performance. Never use it before or after drinking. It is easy to have shock and syncope, and the elderly may even be in danger.
Cephalosporins occupy a large share in the antibiotic market, and their related intermediates also show considerable market potential. Ceftriaxone sodium, cefazolin sodium, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone and cefuroxime (ester) are the most commonly used cephalosporins, and the corresponding intermediates are 7-ACA, 7-ADCA, GCLE, aminohydroxamic acid, AE- active ester, triazine ring, tetrazole acetic acid, methimazole tetrazole and HO-EPCP.
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