According to our national mission plan for the construction of the space station, 11 missions will be carried out this year and next year, including three space station module launches, four cargo spacecraft launches, and four manned spacecraft launches, and it is expected that the construction of the space station in orbit will be completed in 2022, and the National Space Laboratory will be built.
The three astronauts arrived in space after a **** four tasks, the first task is the daily management of the core module, the remaining three are: two out of the cabin activities and off-board operations; to carry out space science experiments and technology experiments; astronauts own health management. The ultimate goal of these tasks is to verify the maturity of the space station's construction and operation technology. The company's mission is to provide the best possible service to its customers," he said.
The Shenzhou XII flight crew is made up of three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, and Tang Hongbo, with commander Nie Haisheng on his third mission. Nie Haisheng, the commander, was on his third flight, Liu Boming was on his second flight, and Tang Hongbo was on his first flight. China's first-generation astronaut Yang Liwei was only 38 years old when he left for space in 2003, while the three astronauts this time are all over 45 years old. This aspect shows that China's experience in training astronauts is much richer, and on the other hand, it shows that the comfort level of Shenzhou spacecraft is constantly improving, and the age requirement of astronauts is not so high!
We on the ground, in addition to refueling and congratulations, there is another issue that many partners are more concerned about, that is, what do astronauts eat in space? Do they eat ordinary food, or is it a special space package?
Space food has been developed for more than half a century, during which time it has been updated many times. The earliest first-generation space food is toothpaste food, which is characterized as easy to carry and eat. The second generation is a mouthful of food, because space food can not have crumbs, which is to prevent the astronauts inhaled into the lungs.
The third generation is dehydrated and rehydrated food, which is very close to the common food in our life and can satisfy the different tastes of astronauts. The fourth generation is space kitchen food, and because space stations now have access to refrigerators and heaters, this has led to frozen, refrigerated, and heat-stabilized space food.
Before entering the launch site, in order to ensure the safety of the astronauts' diet, every meal they eat, there is a special nutritionist for the deployment, generally warm ingredients, and there are also to the astronauts dedicated to the vegetables, milk, meat and eggs and other food, which have a strict safety monitoring provisions. The purpose is to allow astronauts to have an absolute dietary safety before entering the launch site.
Moving on to what the astronauts eat in the sky after their journey. Before our Shenzhou XI spacecraft, it is in more than a month of space flight, on board for the astronauts to prepare more than 100 kinds of food, including staple food, side dishes, ready to eat, drinks, condiments, and functional food and other six categories, it can be said that the astronauts 5 days of diet, meals are not the same, such as what the mushroom chicken nuggets, eight treasures of rice, rice dumplings, a whole range of things.
And this Shenzhou XII carrying three astronauts, Nie Haisheng, Liu Boming, Tang Hongbo, they have to stay in our space station days and core module for three months, which is also the longest time in orbit for our astronauts. This time the space station for the three astronauts to prepare more than 120 kinds of nutritionally balanced, rich varieties, good taste, long shelf life of space food. This includes fish and meat, Kung Pao chicken and so on.
In fact, as early as Shenzhou 10, the spacecraft has appeared on the "fish and meat" and "Kung Pao Chicken", plus Shenzhou 11 and this time the space station, why these two dishes every time to be selected to bring to space? These two dishes can be selected, delicious is one of the reasons, but in fact there is a more important factor, that is, they are not crumbs.
Because there is no gravity in space, some food with bones, dregs, and powder can easily float in the cabin, which is very difficult for astronauts to deal with, and there is also the possibility of damaging the precision instruments in the cabin, such as donkey rolls, peach cake, and this kind of food is not suitable. What's more, these two dishes are easy to make into room temperature cooking packs, and the flavor won't change too much. But some foods, like fresh vegetables, fish and meat, if heated for a long time will lose their original flavor, which simply means they are not very tasty.
How can we just have good food, we also need to have kitchen appliances, such as space air conditioning system, not only can regulate the temperature of the space station, filtering odors and particulate matter, the most important thing is that it can also produce oxygen; there are also space refrigerators that can use lasers and magnets to carry out ultra-low-temperature cooling of the atomic cloud to create an environment of absolute 0 degrees, which can not only store the daily food, but also save the scientific research samples.
In 2015, the Italian astronaut "Samantha" showed a space coffee machine on the International Space Station, and it became a hot topic. This time, we have moved the entire kitchen into space, our space station space kitchen has a microwave oven, water dispenser, folding table, refrigerator and everything. This allows our astronauts to eat hot fish and rice at any time!
In addition to diet, the living environment of our astronauts has also been greatly improved, if the previous Tiangong 1 is a "small single room", then this time the sky and the core capsule is a "three-room, one hall, one bathroom", the space from 15 cubic meters to 110 cubic meters. The space from 15 cubic meters directly up to 110 cubic meters. Each astronaut has their own independent space, and can also enjoy wrapped shower.
Shenzhou XII is a milestone in China's space industry. From here on, China's manned spacecraft will enter a real stage of mass production and normalized operation, and finally let us pay tribute to all the space heroes in front of and behind the stage!
1: China's first manned flight in space, Shenzhou 5 mission, October 15, 2003, astronaut Yang Liwei, on-orbit flight time of 21 hours 23 minutes, the Chinese nation's millennium flying dream come true.
2: China's second manned space flight, Shenzhou 6 mission, October 12, 2005, astronauts Fei Junlong, Nie Haisheng, 115 hours and 32 minutes of flight time in orbit.
3: China's third manned space flight, Shenzhou 7 mission, September 25, 2008, astronauts Zhai Zhigang, Liu Boming, Jing Haipeng, 67 hours and 51 minutes of on-orbit flight time, astronaut Zhai Zhigang completed the activities of the capsule, China has become the world's third country independently mastered the technology of the capsule.
4: China's fourth manned flight in space, Shenzhou 9 mission, June 16, 2012, astronauts Jing Haipeng, Liu Wang, Liu Yang (the first female astronauts involved in the flight), in orbit flight time of 13 days, Shen nine is China's first cosmic laboratory project 921-2 program components, this flight completed docking with the Tiangong 1, the first time to validate the hand-controlled rendezvous and docking The flight completed docking with Tiangong 1, the first verification of hand-controlled rendezvous and docking technology, and further verification of automatic rendezvous and docking technology.
5: China's fifth manned space flight, Shenzhou 10 mission, June 11, 2013, astronauts Nie Haisheng, Zhang Xiaoguang, Wang Yaping (female), in orbit for 15 days, this is China's first applied flight of manned spaceflight, carried out nearly 40 scientific experiments, and conducted the first space lectures.
6: China's sixth manned flight in space, Shenzhou 11 mission, October 17, 2016, astronauts Jing Haipeng, Chen Dong, 33 days in orbit is currently the longest duration of a manned flight.