According to its viewpoint, pictograph, signifier, knowing and pictophonetic sound are four ways of word-formation, while transliteration and borrowing are two ways of word-formation. The latter two books are written in Chinese characters.

1. Collect the explanations of the language and ideological content of the same ancient book by various scholars to help readers understand it. 2. Combine "Jing" and "Chuan",

Central Plains Rhyme:

Central Plains Rhyme is the earliest musical work in China. It was written by Zhou Deqing in Yuan Dynasty (1277 ~) He had a deep understanding of the creation and singing of Beiqu, which was very popular in Yuan Dynasty. He felt that people who composed and sang songs at that time didn't pay much attention to meter, and there were many chaotic phenomena in the art world. He thought that in order to make Beiqu play a higher artistic effect, it was necessary to make its system, meter and language clearly standardized, especially the phonetic standardization. So he made a theoretical summary based on his own personal experience. Completed this epoch-making work.

The content of "Central Plains Rhyme" is divided into two parts: the first part is to classify 5866 words commonly used as rhymes in lyrics according to their pronunciations. Compile a rhyme spectrum of Quyun. The rhyme spectrum is divided into 19 rhymes: Dongzhong, Jiangyang, Zhisi, Qiwei, Fish Model, Gelai, Zhenwen, Hanshan, Huanhuan, Congenital, Xiaohao, Gege, Jiama, Chezhe, Gengqing, Youhou, Xunxun, Jianxian and Lianxian. Each rhyme is divided into Pingyin and Lianxian. * * * There are 1586 groups. The second part is called "Examples of Orthodoxy Writing Words", which is an explanation of the compiling style of rhymes, the principle of judging sounds, and the discussion of the system, temperament, language and writing methods of northern songs.

Explaining words:

Explaining words, Shuowen is referred to as Shuowen for short. The author is Xu Shen, a Confucian scholar and philologist in the Eastern Han Dynasty (dedicated to Emperor Han). Shuowen Jiezi was written from the 12th year of Emperor Yong Yuan (1 years) to the first year of Jian Guang (121 years) of Emperor An. Shuowen Jiezi is the first dictionary arranged by radicals in China.

Shuowen Jiezi is a photocopy by Zhonghua Book Company. The 9353 words are classified into 54 parts respectively, and 54 parts are combined into 14 categories according to their shapes and systems. According to these 14 categories, the dictionary text is divided into 14 articles, with one heading at the end of the volume, and the whole book has 15 articles. Shuowen Jiezi has 15 volumes, including 1 preface. Xu Shen systematically expounded the creation of Chinese characters in Shuowen Jiezi.