Shooting is a famous sport, which can be interpreted as firing a gun. Firearms shooting is a process in which the shooter accurately shoots with a gun and hits a given target.

First, aiming refers to the action of giving the axis of the fire body (the main body of the shooting weapon) a certain direction and high and low angles in the horizontal and vertical planes in order to make the projectile hit the target when shooting. The action of giving the axis position of the fire body on the horizontal plane is called directional aiming. The action of giving the axis position of the fire body on the vertical plane is called high-low aiming. Correct aiming means that the shooter looks through the gap and crosshair with his eyes, so that the crosshair tip is located in the center or center of the gap and points to the target flush with the upper edge.

(A) Characteristics

Aiming is easier said than done. Anyone with a little knowledge of shooting knows the truth of "three points and one line". That is, a line of sight is formed along the center point of the notch, along the center point of the line of sight and the target point. It is generally believed that only with good eyesight can we see the target clearly and aim accurately. People were surprised when they heard that Olympic champions Xu Haifeng and Wang Yifu only had primary eye vision of 0.4 and 0.3. Good eyesight is of course a superior condition for accurate shooting, but it is not an absolute condition. Good eyesight is very important for the aiming of fixed and supported shooting, but it is obviously not a very important condition for unsupported close-range shooting. The cooperation of visual supervision, firing timing, good posture and action stability is the most critical. This is the difficulty to keep correct aiming when shooting live ammunition, and it is also an important feature of aiming. Therefore, gun aiming needs visual supervision, that is, correct aiming and muscle control, that is, muscle coordination and exertion; Third, mentality adjustment, that is, psychological skills penetrate into technical movements.

(2) Problems that should be paid attention to when aiming.

1. Keep the crosshair gap aligned. The alignment of the crosshair gap means that the upper edge of the crosshair is located in the middle of the upper edge of the gap and remains flush when aiming. Aim is that key action of accurate shooting, and aim gap is the key of aiming. Aiming error mainly refers to the error caused by incorrect clearance of leveling sight. A slight deviation of the sight in the gap will lead to a relatively large projectile deviation, which is likely to be "a millimeter difference, a thousand miles away." Because this is an angular deviation. The deviation is directly related to the shooting distance of X gun and the length of aiming baseline. When shooting, the aiming deviation and impact deviation are in the same direction. D means high vision and great influence; Look to the left and bounce to the left; Conversely, the greater the deviation of D-line of sight tip in the gap between Dallas and the auditorium, the greater the impact deviation.

2. The focus is on the relationship between sight and gap. When aiming the gun, the sight and gap are close to the shooter's eyes, about 0.6__l meters, while the target is far away from the shooter. A shooter can't see the sight, the gap and the target clearly at the same time. If you look at the sight and the gap clearly, the target will be blurred; If the target is clearly seen, the line of sight and the gap will be blurred. This is due to the physiological structure characteristics of human eyes. People's eyes can't make objects at different distances form a focus on the retina at the same time, and they can only see objects at a certain distance at a certain moment. This is very similar to the photos taken by the camera. The clarity of an object image mainly depends on whether the focal length is accurate. If the focal length of the camera is adjusted to L meters, the image of the object around L meters will be clearer, while the image of the object beyond 3-5 meters will be extremely blurred, and vice versa. Therefore, we can only choose to focus on important objects. The correct aiming situation when shooting is that the relationship between the scope and the gap should be clearly seen, while the target should be blurred. So why do many shooters seem to be unable to see the gap between the sight and the target when aiming? This is because the shooter's brain is directing his eyes to constantly change the focal length, so that he can see near for a while, far for a while, and shift repeatedly, as if he could see two objects at different distances. In fact, while seeing the distant target clearly, we can't see the positive correlation between the gap and the line of sight. What we emphasize is the reasonable distribution of vision, which is often called "vision recovery", "energy backward", "keeping a close eye on the line of sight gap" and "having a real goal" In the process of aiming, the field of vision needs to be adjusted repeatedly before and after, but it is not evenly distributed. The main focus should be on the gap between sight and rights. If we focus on the relationship between the sight and the target, it will disturb the relationship between the three. Because the target is fuzzy, the aiming point is inaccurate and the deviation is relatively small. Is the distance from the actual aiming point to the correct aiming point. But if you can't keep the sight aligned with the gap because you can't see clearly, the projectile deviation will be much larger when shooting.

3. The best time for vision The best time to complete aiming vision is when the optic nerve is highly excited and the retinal imaging is clearest. When we focus on a certain point, the image of an object will go through a process of blurring, gradually becoming clear, clear and gradually blurring in our eyes. The clear stage in this process is the best time for vision. In general, when you look at an object without blinking, the beginning of 1 second is blurred. L-2 seconds gradually clear, the clearest about 3-7 seconds. If the shooter can make good use of this time to aim and complete the firing, it will undoubtedly achieve the best effect. In addition, the aiming time should not be too long. Some shooters play high rings; However, some shooters lack self-confidence and always suspect that their aiming is not good enough: the aiming time is often prolonged, which leads to eye fatigue and blurred vision, which affects the hit of the projectile. When the eyes are blurred, stop aiming, close your eyes for a few seconds or blink several times in a row, look far away for a few seconds, and then continue aiming after your vision returns to normal.

4. The use of binocular aiming. When it comes to aiming, people will naturally think of the formula "with the left eye closed and the right eye open, look at the sight through the gap and point to the aiming point". Some shooters are worried that their left eyes can't be closed when aiming, so they might as well learn to aim with their eyes open, because the human eye has the function of image fusion. When people use the same organ of the body, the department is dominated by the strong and supplemented by the weak. Usually, a person's right hand is more flexible than his left hand, so when using both hands in life, the right hand is the main one, and the left hand is the auxiliary one. So is aiming with two eyes. When we aim with the right eye, our vision is mainly focused on the right eye. Opening the left eye can make the visibility clearer, the field of vision wider and the depth vision better.

Second, the aiming area (1) What is the aiming area?

Theoretically speaking, aiming should point to a point, which is the aiming point. In fact, when shooting without support, it is difficult for the shooter to stabilize the leveled aiming gap at a small aiming point, but to shake regularly in a certain area around the aiming point, which is called the aiming area. Although the lO ring on the target paper is small, it is also a small area. The center of this aiming area is the most ideal center-1o ring.

(2) Why choose the aiming area?

X-ray gun shooting is usually carried out with unsupported single arm, and its shaking degree is greater than that with supported two arms. Some shooters are often confused by the big shaking of the gun, and make the mistake of pulling the trigger suddenly when the gap of the sight reaches the aiming point, which makes the strength of the hand suddenly change, leading to the deformation of the action and the separation of aiming and firing; When aiming, some shooters think too much about firing timing and shooting effect, which distracts their energy and causes wrong actions such as blinking, shrugging and wrist pressing. Some shooters are too strict with the aiming point, which is beyond their technical level. The performance is: if you aim badly, you won't dare to buckle, but if you aim well, you will buckle quickly. The above phenomena, such as muzzle shaking, jerking the trigger and demanding aiming, will destroy the mood at the moment of aiming and firing, disrupt the whole set of action rules and increase the gun shaking. These shakes are generally carried out around a point, but the amplitude varies according to the shooter's technical level. Because of the inevitability and scope of this shaking, I think the aiming area should be selected for hand X-ray shooting. If the shooter is required by the standard of aiming point, there will be demand.

The contradiction between reality and reality. Therefore, properly relaxing the scale of the number of rings, expanding the aiming point of the shooting target to the aiming area, and making the aiming line shake in the aiming area can not only keep the shooter's main energy on the straight gap of the aiming star, but also reduce the shooter's psychological pressure, ensure the correct firing action, and achieve the perfect cooperation between aiming and smashing.

(3) How to choose the aiming area

The size of the selected aiming area depends on the distance and size of the shooting target, the shaking degree of the gun arm, the shooting environment and the technical level of the shooter. Shooter can choose his own aiming area according to subjective and objective conditions. For beginners, the diameter of the aiming area can be 30 cm (8-ring aiming area) at a distance of 25 meters (chest ring target). When the shooting distance is short and the target is large, the diameter of the aiming area can be 10 cm (10 circular aiming area) or 20 cm (9 circular aiming area), and vice versa. When the shooter shakes a lot in the direction of X-port, the aiming area can be set as an ellipse, but the maximum range of the aiming area cannot be greater than the height and width of the target. After systematic training, the stability of the shooter's gun is gradually strengthened, and the aiming area can be relatively small after the shaking area is reduced accordingly. Princess: Select the aiming area of the 1O ring. To cultivate the awareness that the aiming line points to the aiming area, we should boldly pre-install the trigger, fire naturally when aiming, and develop the habit of shooting with the aiming area. As long as the line of sight fires in the aiming area, it can hit the target. When shooting, the closer the aiming line is to the center of the aiming area, the higher the hit accuracy.

(4) the method of entering the aiming area

Aim the aiming line directly at the aiming area; Second, the upper side of the aiming area is just above the aiming gap, and then the gun is transported to the center of the aiming area from top to bottom; Third, level the aiming gap directly below the aiming area, and then transport the gun to the center of the aiming area from bottom to top. Aim the aiming line directly at the aiming area, and the muzzle sway o: motion and high and low sway are both large. The shooter easily grabs the aiming point and forms a slam trigger. Enter the aiming area from top to bottom, and the direction of gravity is consistent with the direction of gun transport. Under the action of inertia, in order to keep the gun speed, the shooter will inevitably strengthen the control of the gun arm, causing muscle tension, easily causing the muzzle direction to shake and increase, destroying the balance and aiming correctly. The way of entering the aiming area from bottom to top is more in line with the law of the shooter's backward gun transport, which can effectively control the direction of the muzzle shaking. Generally, the vertical direction of most targets is greater than the horizontal direction, which is convenient for the shooter to aim and control the shooting opportunity correctly. Therefore, X-gun shooting training generally adopts the method of entering the aiming area from bottom to top. If the shooter can master the characteristics of the other two ways of transporting guns and carry out targeted training, he can also master them. When the shooting skill reaches a certain level, the aiming line should be aimed directly at the aiming area, because the police are required to shoot quickly and play the first shot in a gun battle. In the end, the police should master the skills of aiming at the target directly and shooting accurately.

When entering the aiming area, you should also pay attention to the following two points:

1. When transporting guns, keep a straight line perpendicular to the vertical line of the target center. Gun transport speed is fast first, then slow. When the muzzle approaches the target, slow down and smoothly enter the aiming area, and the shooting is completed when the aiming line points to the center of the aiming area. If the gun is transported at a uniform speed into the aiming area and the gun is pointed directly at the aiming area smoothly and harmoniously, there is no obvious deceleration. This form of gun transport has a relatively simple action structure and relatively fast gun transport speed, but the coordination between aiming and firing is high and it is difficult to master. It is difficult to grasp the speed of gun transport by using the method of fast gun at both ends, that is, the initial speed of gun is not fast, and it gradually accelerates from slow to slow.

2. In the process of muzzle slowing down and entering the aiming area smoothly, attention should be paid to the recovery of vision, keeping the gap balance of the sight, preloading the trigger with the index finger standing upright evenly, and gradually increasing the pressure on the trigger with the progress of aiming, and stopping and ringing after entering the aiming area.

(5) adopt the training method of aiming at the area.

1. white paper goal exercise. The purpose is to shape the basic posture of the gun, master the actions of leveling the crosshair gap and shooting vertically when the muzzle shakes in the aiming area, and strengthen the idea of focusing on leveling the crosshair gap at the moment of shooting. The practice of aiming and firing a white paper target belongs to basic training. To train high-level X-gun shooters, it is necessary to practice the white paper target and the cross around the target, and strengthen the feeling of correct aiming.

2. Practice in the aiming area. The purpose is to train the shooter to control the shaking of the gun within a certain range and learn to master the timing and skills of shooting. The practice of gradually narrowing the aiming area from large to small can be carried out step by step. First, practice the aiming area of the eighth ring, control the muzzle to shake within a certain range, and then practice the aiming area from the ninth ring to the 1O ring. Practice shooting, aiming and shooting in a small aiming area.

3. Practical chest ring target practice. The purpose is to apply the shooting method with aiming area to the actual shooting target. Learn to determine the position and size of the aiming area on the chest ring target and experience the action essentials of shooting.

In a word, aiming is a link in the basic technical structure of shooting, which is interdependent, interrelated and restricted with gun and firing. Correct aiming is the premise of effective shooting.

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