Pleurotus ostreatus is a healthy food with high protein and low fat, with tender meat, delicious taste and rich nutrition. Pleurotus ostreatus grows vigorously and has strong adaptability It is one of the largest cultivated edible fungi in the world, mainly produced in China, Japanese and Italian. Except Qinghai and Tibet, it is cultivated in other provinces and cities in China, especially in the northern provinces in recent years. Pleurotus ostreatus has a strong ability to decompose cellulose, so its cultivation materials are extensive. In artificial cultivation, the waste of agricultural and sideline products such as cottonseed hull, straw and corncob can be used as culture material. Northeast China is a grain-producing area in China, and there are a lot of crop straws, 90% of which are burned, causing environmental pollution. Using these wastes to cultivate Pleurotus ostreatus has the advantages of fast growth and high yield. It takes 20 days and 3 months from planting to harvesting. At present, China can produce 70 ~ 100 kg of fresh mushrooms per 100 ~ 65438+. Pleurotus ostreatus is the easiest mushroom to cultivate among edible fungi. The cultivation method is simple and diverse, with low cost and simple operation. By controlling a certain ratio of carbon to nitrogen and environmental conditions, the rapid growth of Pleurotus ostreatus can be promoted and miscellaneous bacteria can be inhibited. The ground, bedstead, plastic bag, box and basket of Pleurotus ostreatus can be used for annual production and cultivation. The technology of cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus in plastic bags is summarized as follows: Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as Pleurotus ostreatus, belongs to Basidiomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Agaricus and Pleurotus. 1 schedule 65438+February 20th, tube introduction or tissue separation, 65438+ 10/0/0/0/0, tube transfer, 65438+10. Note: strains and cultivation bags are made once a month (2000 ~ 5000 bags). 2. Seed production 2. 1 mother seed adopts PDA medium formula: potato (peeled) 200g, agar 20g, glucose 18 ~ 20g, water 1000ml, natural PH 2. 1. 1, mother seed medium. The size of tampons should be moderate. The compactness of the original seed medium should be consistent. 2. 1.2 Sterilized mother medium should be sterilized immediately after preparation and subpackaging; The medium of original seed and cultivated seed should be sterilized in the pot within 2 hours after preparation. After 30 minutes of sterilization, the mother culture medium was 0.11MPa-0.12 MPa, the sawdust culture medium and forage culture medium were 0. 14mpa-0. 15mpa, 1h, and the grain culture medium and feces were used. When the loading capacity is large, the sterilization time should be appropriately extended. Blood pressure should be lowered naturally after sterilization, not forcibly. During sterilization, the tampon should be prevented from getting wet by condensed water. 2. 1.3 inspection of sterilization effect: the mother medium was incubated at 28℃, and the original medium was inoculated into the nutrient broth medium specified in 4.8 of GB 4789.28- 1994 after aseptic operation, and then incubated at 28℃. After 48h, the sterilization is qualified. 2. 1.4 The cooling chamber shall be cleaned and dusted before use. After laying the sterilized plastic film on the ground, put the sterilized stock solution bottle into a cooling room at 25℃ and cool it to a suitable temperature. 2. 1.5 Inoculation 2. 1.5. 1 The basic treatment procedure of inoculation room (box) is cleaning → moving inoculum and inoculum → disinfecting inoculation room (box). 2. 1.5.2 The disinfection method of the inoculation room (box) is to disinfect with 10 ml formaldehyde, 6 g potassium permanganate or aerosol disinfectant, and irradiate with ultraviolet lamp. 2. 1.5.3 The disinfection method of the purification workbench is to wipe the disinfected surface with 75% alcohol or Komeiling solution, and then pre-clean it for 20 minutes. Label it in time after inoculation. 2. 1.5.5 post-treatment of inoculation room (box) The inoculation room should be cleaned in time after each use to eliminate waste gas and waste, and the table top should be wiped and disinfected with 75% alcohol or bromogeramine solution. 2. 1.6 culture room treatment: two days before the use of the culture room, use drugs for disinfection. 2. 1.7 culture conditions according to the different growth requirements of the culture, give it a suitable culture temperature (mostly at 22℃-28℃), keep the relative humidity of the air at about 70%, and keep it ventilated and dark. 2. 1.8 culture period inspection: During the culture period, the strains at all levels shall be inspected regularly, and the unqualified strains shall be picked out in time. 2. 1.9 The strains that have been put into storage and cultivated shall be registered in time. 2. 1. 10 Records All links in production should be recorded in detail. 2. 1. 165438+ 3 original seed 3. 1 formula 3. 1. 1. 1 corncob 82% (crushing diameter 0.8 ~ 1 cm), wheat bran 15% and lime 1%. 3. 1. 1.3 98% of corn kernels and 2% of gypsum are the same as the mother seed from sterilization to sample retention. 4. Cultivation bag 4. 1 formula 4. 1. 1 corn stalk 88% (broken 1 wheat bran 18%, lime 2%, gypsum1%4./kloc-0. The cultivation bag (50kg dry material and 60kg water) is made of low-pressure high-density polyethylene, which should not be too wide in summer. Use 17 ~ 20× 45 ~ 50 ㎝ plastic bags, and tie one end of the bag with a rope when loading. The amount of culture material loaded by the bagging machine is about 2/3 of the bag height, which makes the material tight and loose, and the surface is smooth. The bag mouth is tied with rope and framed. 4.3 Sterilization and inoculation 4.3. 1 Sterilized culture medium should be put into the pot for sterilization within 3 hours after preparation. Sawdust culture medium and forage culture medium should be sterilized at 0. 12 MPa, 2.5h or 0. 14 MPa-0. 15 MPa for 2h. When the loading capacity is large, the sterilization time should be appropriately extended 1 hour. Blood pressure should be lowered naturally after sterilization, not forcibly. When the culture bag is sterilized at atmospheric pressure, the temperature in the sterilization room reaches 100℃ within 4h, and it is kept at 12h-l8h, and then it is naturally cooled to 80℃ and immediately taken out of the pot and moved to the cooling room. Inoculate when the temperature drops below 30℃. 4.3.2 Before inoculation, the inoculation room or inoculation box should be disinfected for 30 minutes. Wash the outer wall of the selected cultivated species with alcohol cotton balls. It is more suitable for two people to cooperate, one holding a bottle and the other vaccinating. When inoculating, remove the cotton plug, burn bottle mouth and inoculation tool, remove the cotton plug after the tool cools, and peel off the bacterial skin on the surface of the original seed. Scrape the strains to the size of soybeans, and the two people cooperate to quickly access and tie the mouth (don't scrape too many strains to germinate quickly), and inoculate at both ends. Repeat this operation to complete the culture bag. Each bottle can be transferred to 30 bags. 4.4 Fungal growth management Move the connected fungus bags into the culture room and stack them neatly, with no more than 10 layer, and carry out fungal growth management in strict accordance with the culture requirements. The temperature of the culture room should be controlled at 20 ~ 26℃, with the lowest not lower than 18℃ and the highest not higher than 30℃. Always check the temperature in the reactor. Once you have a fever, disperse the reactor in time to cool down. During the growth of bacteria, the relative humidity of air is about 70%. If it is too low, it is easy to separate and dry, and if it is too high, it is easy to pollute miscellaneous bacteria. The culture room should always keep the air fresh and be ventilated 1 ~ 2 times a day. Ventilation should be done in the morning and evening when the temperature is high, and at noon when the temperature is high. Found contaminated bags should be taken out in time to avoid large-scale pollution. 5.5 fruiting management: after the mycelium is full of bags 1 week, the mushrooms can be bagged. Inoculation at both ends should be wall-mounted, and mushrooms should grow at both ends. Lay a brick on the ground or make the ground ridge-shaped. It is advisable to stack the bags layer by layer until the operation is convenient, untie the rope at the bag mouth and straighten the remaining 1/3 bag mouth. 5.5. 1 Temperature During the fruiting period, the temperature in the mushroom house should be controlled at 15 ~ 28℃. When the temperature exceeds 30℃, the fruiting body is thin and the yield is low, which affects the quality of fruiting body and loses its commercial value. The growth is slow below 15℃, which affects the production cycle. 5.5.2 Humidity During the fruiting period, the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house is kept at 90 ~ 95%, and the absolute humidity is kept above 85%. In summer, in order to reduce the evaporation of water in the culture bag, grass roots or linen sheets can be hung in the mushroom room and sprayed upward every day, which can not only improve the moisturizing effect, but also avoid the direct damage of water spraying to mycelium. (You can spray 1 ~ 3 times to the mouth of the culture bag every day) 5.5.3 Ensure that there is enough fresh air in the mushroom room during the period of ventilation and fruiting. Poor ventilation, high carbon dioxide concentration accumulation, mushroom cover can not be carried out normally. Ventilation for 20 minutes every 4 hours can meet the growth requirements of Pleurotus ostreatus, and it cannot be directly blown on the culture bag during ventilation to prevent the young mushrooms from dehydration and death. 5.5.4 The differentiation of Pleurotus ostreatus under weak light is poor, and normal mushroom cap cannot be formed. When the bag is full of hyphae and the yellow secret appears on the bag wall and gradually increases, it is irradiated with 6 watts of light per square meter for 3-5 hours. After the mushroom cap is formed, it is irradiated with 65438+ every day to keep the natural color of the mushroom cap. 5.6 harvesting and tide changing 5.6. 1 timely harvesting can ensure both quality and yield. Generally, it is harvested when the mushroom cover is fully unfolded and the spores have not been ejected, but it is not harvested in time, and the edge of the mushroom cover is turned up, which makes the mushroom body lighter and affects the yield. When harvesting, gently twist the stem, cut off the brought-down culture materials, and clean up the dead mushrooms and rotten mushrooms at the bag mouth so as not to affect the growth of the damp mushrooms. 5.6.2 Tide management: After the Pleurotus ostreatus is harvested, clean the bag mouth, stop spraying water for 3-5 days, strengthen ventilation, and restore mycelium growth. After that, heavy water is sprayed several times continuously, so that the mouth of the bag is wet without water. According to the first tidal mushroom method, the second tidal mushroom can be harvested for about 10- 15 days, so that 4-5 tidal mushrooms can be harvested. 5.7 Prevention and control of pests and diseases The prevention and control of pests and diseases of cultivated edible fungi is mainly based on prevention and control. Once the root distance disease occurs, drug treatment can be carried out.