1. Introduction; 2. Basic knowledge of drawing; 3. Basic knowledge of projection; 4. Basic principles of projection; 5. Projection transformation; 6. Projection of planar architectural forms; 7. Projection of curved architectural forms; 8. Expression of architectural forms; 9. Axonometric projection; 10. Architectural construction drawings; 11. Structural construction drawings; 12. Shadows in orthographic projection; 13. Perspective projection; 14. Expanded Projection; 15. Water Supply and Drainage Engineering; 16. Fundamentals of AutoCAD Drawing.

Get step-by-step answers in the course starting today.

1.1 Architectural Literacy and Quantity Calculation (P151)

I. Architectural Literacy

1, the basic concepts

State regulations, a project should go through: (1) the planning and preliminary design stage; (2) review and expansion of the preliminary design; (3) after the review of the construction drawings design, also known as technical design.

2, the role of construction drawings: guide the construction, technical basis; guide the settlement, the basis for payment of progress; guide the final account, the basis for the settlement of the project.

A complete set of construction drawings should be:

A, the first page of the chart: from the construction of 01-, junction of 01-, water 01-, electricity 01- (also divided into strong electricity, weak electricity, hearing 01-), Dentsu 01-.

Standard drawings

General description of the design, including: engineering design basis (approvals, sources of funding, ground survey data, etc.), floor area, cost. Design standards (building standards, structural load rating, seismic requirements, heating and ventilation requirements, lighting standards, fire rating, etc.). Construction requirements (technology and materials) project ± 0.000 relative to the absolute elevation of the general plan, indoor and outdoor materials, strength level.

Decoration table

Doors and windows table

B, building construction drawings (referred to as building construction)

1, indicating the internal layout of the building, the external shape, decoration, construction, construction requirements, etc., including: longitudinal and transverse wall layout, doors, windows, stairs and public **** facilities (such as restrooms, water boiler room, etc.).

2, general plan, plan, elevation, section and each construction details (including wall sections, stairs, doors and windows, toilets, bathrooms, corridors, balconies and other construction and detailed practices, dimensions).

3, text description, drawing notes.

C, structural construction drawings (referred to as junction construction)

1, indicating the arrangement of load-bearing structure, component types, size, construction practices.

2, structural description, foundation (including pile arrangement, depth of burial), structural layout of each floor and structural details of each component (including columns, beams, slabs, staircases, canopies, roofs, etc.).

D, equipment construction drawings (referred to as facilities)

1, water supply and drainage, heating and ventilation, electrical lighting instructions, pipe network layout, direction, elevation.

2, plan layout, system axonometry, detailed installation requirements, wiring principle.

Two, the essentials of reading construction drawings (P156)

1, master the principle of projection and the form of the various methods of expression, please read P153, 94 A residential preliminary design.

2. Familiarize yourself with and master the basic provisions of the national standards for architectural drawing and the method of access.

such as common legends, symbols, line patterns, dimensions and proportions.

3, basic grasp and understanding of the composition of the house structure.

Reading construction drawings steps

Reading construction drawings and project budget, there is no shortcut to go, must be step by step, systematic reading, cross-referencing, repeated familiarity with, in order not to omit.

1, first read the manual, the first page of the map (catalog), and then look at the construction, construction, facilities.

2, each map, first icon, text, then drawings.

3, look at the construction, first construction, then construction, facilities.

4, the construction of the first look at the flat, vertical, sectional, and then detailed drawings.

5, knot Shi first look at the foundation, structural layout plan, and then look at the component details.

6, facilities first look at the plane, and then look at the system, installation details.

The reality of the construction drawings due to the lack of self-examination of the design unit, mutual review, work review, the chief gatekeeper (especially local design institutes) a series of audit system, so the size does not match, axis does not match, structure does not match, material does not match, does not match the description, does not match, the figure says that does not match, the components do not match, the details do not match, and so on and so on and so forth. Engage in pre-budgeting, final accounts should pay particular attention to, not good enough to lose a millimeter, the difference between the thousands of miles!

Three, explaining the general layout of the building (P163)

General drawing of the size of the label, always in M (meters) as a unit, which reflects the proposed houses, structures, etc., the plane shape, location and orientation, outdoor sites, roads, landscaping and other arrangements, topography, geomorphology, elevation, as well as the relationship with the original environment and neighboring conditions.

For positioning, construction sampling, earthwork and drawing water, electricity, sanitation, heating, gas, communications, cable television general plan and construction of the basis of the general plan.

Four, interpretation of building plans (P164)

1, read the name of the map, knowledge of the shape, see the direction; 2, read the name, understand the layout, combination; 3, according to the axis, location, knowledge of the openings, depths; 4, grasp the special representation, read the staircase; 5, read the dimensions, set the area, see the height, counting indicators; 6, see the legend, knowledge of the details, recognizing the code of the doors and windows; 7, according to the index symbols, can know the relationship between the general and detailed drawings. Can know the relationship between general and detailed drawings.

V. Interpretation of building elevation drawings (P168)

1, from the name of the map or axis numbering to understand the elevation drawings; 2, from the elevation drawings to understand the number of floors, length and height, the number and location of windows and doors, size; 3, elevation drawings are usually only elevation dimensions, and the structural elevation will be different; 4, elevation drawings on the labeling of the construction of each part of the decorative node detailing of the index symbols.

Sixth, building section of the reading (P169)

1, according to the name of the map, set the location, distinguish the section to see the parts; 2, read the ground, floor, roof shape, structure; 3, according to the elevation, dimensions, know the height and size; 4, according to the index symbols, diagrams, read the structure of the nodes.

Seven, architectural details (P176)

Detailed drawings are to express the detailed structure and node relationships, the structure and size of accessories, materials, practices.

Detailed drawings include: 1, stairs; 2, facade section; 3, balcony; 4, unit details; 5, windows and doors details.

Eight, structural construction drawings (P193)

Including: 1, structural design specification; 2, structural layout plan; 3, each load-bearing components (foundation, columns, walls, slabs, beams) details, sections, sections, node samples, local construction and other details.

Structural construction drawings, referred to as construction. With the construction, facilities to guide the construction, as the basis for the preparation of construction drawings to calculate.

Features:

1, along the moisture-proof layer of the horizontal section of the foundation plane.

2, along the horizontal section of the floor surface of each floor of the house indicates the corresponding floor structure of the floor plan, the standard layer set up a map, structural variations of the layers have.

3, along the roof of the horizontal section of the load-bearing level of structural layout.

4, with a single member of the orthographic projection of the expression of the member details, the member of the flat, elevation and the corresponding section of the drawing of the details, material details. Some also need to make the template map, to bury the map.

5, component details, scale enlargement, clear expression of the details of the node.

6, components of the elevation, section gallery line more than medium or fine solid line, while the configuration of the steel bar, with a thick solid line or black garden point.

Structural construction drawings reading method points (P195)

First look at the text description, from the foundation plan, to the foundation structure details.

Then read the floor structural arrangement plan, roof structural arrangement plan.

In conjunction with elevations and sections, vertical system drawings.

Finally read the component detail drawings, look at the name, look at the elevation, look at the section, look at the reinforcing steel diagrams and reinforcing steel table

Because of the end of the construction is the basis for calculating the amount of work, the preparation of pre-final accounts to avoid omissions and errors, often to familiarize themselves with a number of times, each other, excerpts from the main points, understanding of the shape of the space, the component part of the location, and repeatedly check the number of material in order to strive for excellence.

Industrial plant construction drawings (P187)

Industrial plant construction drawings and civil building construction drawings **** the same: 1, the principle of illustration, flat, vertical, sectional, detailed; 2, the method of reading the map, the first text after the map; 3, the content of drawings, construction, construction, set up; 4, the method of compilation, said, the general level, the total map, construction, construction, set up, detailed, section; 5, the drawing of the steps, from left to right, from bottom to top. .

Differences: 1, production process conditions; 2, the use of function; 3, practical requirements. Therefore, the map expressed on the legend symbols, specific content is different, the structure of the construction drawings on the complexity of some, the number is also more.

Read the x-university structural laboratory drawings, you can basically understand the main differences between the construction drawings of industrial buildings and civil building construction drawings:

One, from the plane and section you can know that this is a high and low two-span workshop, the high span of the depth of 15M, the low span of 5.6M, D ~ E axis of the expansion joints between the 410MM spacing to adapt to the deformation between the high and low spans need to be.

The workshop is equipped with a car-type crane, lifting capacity Q=10t, gauge Lk=13.5M, the crane is located in the I-beam steel concrete columns on the bull's leg. Workshop 5-6 axle room, B ~ C axle room open 3M, 3.6M two open door. Ramps and bulk water are provided.

Nine 2400×2000 steel windows are set up at the A axis, two 2400×2400 windows and one 3600×2400 window are set up at the east mountain wall.

ED axis (between workshop and auxiliary room) is set with 3 windows of 4200×1400, 3 windows of 3000×1400, 1 window of 2400×1400, and 7 double doors of 1500 wide inner opening.

F-axis C-6 window 2400×1500 counting 17, east and west sides of the 2100×2400 window 1, 4-5 axis of the north side of the 1500 wide side door 1.

The workshop is equipped with upper walkway (crane maintenance cost) and crane steel ladder.

Second, from the elevation drawings can be seen, the workshop outside the stucco horizontal compartmentalization line to the top of the window, window sill, vertical compartmentalization line to the axis position of the vertical compartmentalization line.

There are window sills and shades.

Organized drainage, downpipe location in 3, 9 axis (double line indicates).

Three, from the plan of the 1-1 section for the step section, see the interior and exterior, the top surface of the cattle leg, the track elevation, the bottom elevation of the thin web beams, the height of the doors, windows and the distance from the ground.

See the shape of the side of the column with bull legs, the crane beam resting position, the shape and resting method of the T-shaped crane beam, and the direction of travel.

See the section and running slope of large roof panels laid on I-beams with thin bellies, the nodes along the gutter, and the drainage pattern.