Doing a good job in aquaculture production is of great significance to promoting economic development, improving people's lives, increasing export materials and enhancing national unity. The following industries are suitable for rural agriculture:
1, breeding pig:
As an early large-scale animal husbandry, pig industry has played an active role in China's agricultural development. With the continuous development of economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the market demand for pork is also growing steadily.
In the daily consumption structure of China residents, food accounts for a large proportion. In the future development process, the demand of pork market will not change much, but the demand for pork quality will be higher and higher.
2, cultured lobster:
Lobster culture refers to the cultivation of lobsters for profit, and shrimp habitats, such as rubble, bricks, stones, nets, old tires, grass dragons, etc., are set up in the culture waters. As a nest for shrimps, they can hide and defend against enemies.
The pond should have good water intake and drainage facilities. The pond is built into a ditch, with a water area of 4 meters wide and a dike of 3 meters wide. Lobsters are monogamous. The depth of the hole they dug is 1- 1.5 meters ... Around the whole pond, a 50 cm high escape wall should be surrounded by bamboo sheets and nets.
Aquatic plants such as water hyacinth, water peanut, water hyacinth and water bamboo are planted around the pond, and the coverage is generally 1/3 of the water surface of the pond, which is beneficial for lobster to shade and breed plankton that lobsters like to eat.
Generally, newly-built lobster ponds can be cleaned with quicklime water, with an area of 100 kg per mu. If lobsters are raised in old ponds or lakes, they should be dredged, trimmed and exposed to the sun 65,438+00-65,438+05 days before their release, and disinfected with 50 kilograms of quicklime per mu in dry ponds. At the same time, the predatory wild enemies such as catfish, loach, snakehead, snake and rat in the pond will be completely eliminated.
3. Breeding chickens:
In recent years, raising chickens in rural areas has developed rapidly and become a good way for farmers to get rich. Raising chickens is to raise chickens in sheds on hillsides, orchards, yards and fish ponds. Free-range chickens are generally sold for more than 100 days old. Chicken is compact, delicious, fresh and tender, with local flavor, and the market prospect is promising.
The feed conversion rate of broilers is the highest in the aquaculture industry, and the general feed-to-weight ratio is about 2: 1. Because the cost of feed accounts for about 65%-70% of the total cost, it is necessary to arrange the production and slaughter of broilers reasonably according to the law of feed transformation and considering the market situation and feed price at that time to maximize economic benefits.
Chicken should be raised in natural grasslands, natural mountains, orchards, fields and other places with superior ecological environment. It is required that there is no major pollution source within 5km around the storage yard, and there are abundant forage materials, streams and mountain springs are the best, the mountain slope is no more than 25, the leeward is sunny, the trees are shaded, the water source is abundant, and it is convenient to take water.
Large-scale farming also needs the guarantee of road traffic and power supply, which is convenient for the transportation and processing of feed and products. The size design standard of chicken coop and playground is generally 0. 1 m2 per chicken and 0 1 m2 per chicken. It is best to enclose the playground with bamboo fences and plastic nets.
4. Breeding cattle:
The feed for beef cattle is mainly green and coarse, and it is grazed in summer. The grazing period is generally 5-L0, and the house feeding period is 1 1 to April of the following year. During grazing, the grass harvesting time should be guaranteed to be 8- 10 hours every day. Grazing personnel should follow the cattle and pay attention to the grazing, estrus and mental state of the cattle. Mainly supplement minerals and salt, and appropriately supplement a small amount of concentrate. Add 1 kg concentrate every day during grazing period and 2 kg concentrate every day during house feeding period.
Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of bovine epidemic disease. In addition to vaccination according to local immunization procedures, deworming should be carried out twice a year, and ivermectin preparation can be injected, which has a good effect on preventing and controlling parasites in and out of the body. The purpose of building a barn is to create a suitable living environment for cattle and ensure the normal operation of their health and growth. Spend less capital, feed, energy and labor, and get more livestock products and higher economic benefits.
The form of cowshed depends on the scale and mode of feeding. The construction of cowshed should be convenient for feeding management, lighting, heatstroke prevention in summer, cold prevention and epidemic prevention in winter. When building multiple cowsheds, the long axes should be arranged in parallel. When there are more than four cowsheds, they can be arranged in two rows in parallel, aligned back and forth, and the spacing is greater than10m.
The production area mainly includes cowshed, playground, manure field, etc. This is the core of beef cattle farm. It should be located at a lower position in the field, which can control off-site personnel and vehicles so that they cannot directly enter the production area. It should be the safest and quietest. The cowshed should be kept at an appropriate distance, neatly arranged and convenient for epidemic prevention and fire prevention. However, it is also necessary to concentrate properly, save water and electricity lines and pipelines, shorten the transportation distance of forage and manure, and facilitate scientific management.
The auxiliary production area includes feed warehouse, feed processing workshop, silage pool, mechanical vehicle depot, semen collection and insemination room, liquid nitrogen production workshop, hay shed, etc. Feed depot, hay shed, processing workshop and silage pool should be close to the cowshed and located in a moderate position, which is convenient for vehicles to transport forage and reduce labor intensity. However, it is necessary to prevent cowshed and playground from polluting forage due to sewage infiltration. Therefore, they should generally be built on higher ground.
5. Breeding sheep:
Mutton has high nutritional value, which is in line with the development direction of high protein and low fat in food structure in the world today. Mutton sheep is an efficient food-saving livestock, and its development conforms to the national conditions and public opinion; Breeding mutton sheep has the advantages of less investment and quick effect, which can not only effectively develop and utilize the resources of grass hill and slope, but also make full use of the high-quality pasture planted in leisure land and returning farmland.
Traditional goat breeding is mainly based on grazing, and in some places, the ecological balance is destroyed because of overgrazing. At present, sheep house feeding has become a major feeding method chosen by sheep farmers.