North-South Hub
Huaihai core
In China, there is such a magical place. Northerners regard her as the south, while southerners regard her as the north. The location is neither south nor north, nor east nor west, and the climate is neither dry nor humid.
She is surrounded by mountains, one vein enters the city, two rivers embrace each other, and four lakes reflect the city.
She enjoys the convenience of postal logistics and the heating in winter.
Her dialect is not Wunong soft language in the south of the province, but Lu Yu accent closer to the north.
Satang and Diguo Chicken here are the tip of the tongue in northern Anhui, southern Shandong and Su Beiren.
The railway station advertisements here are all "hardcore": steel structure, hydraulic parts, excavators ... She is from Xuzhou.
Xuzhou, located in the northernmost part of Jiangsu Province, is located at the junction of Shandong, Anhui, Henan and Jiangsu provinces. It "borders the sea in the east, the Central Plains in the west, Jianghuai in the south and Qilu in the north".
The Great Plain, which accounts for more than 90% of the total area, is the main theme of Xuzhou, and Dadongshan, which is only 36 1 m above sea level, is the highest peak in Xuzhou. Many rivers originating in southern Shandong flow to Xuzhou Plain, which constitutes a rich water system in Xuzhou.
Yellow river era
Before the Yellow River captured the Huaihe River, Xuzhou's water transportation mainly used natural water system.
Gullies opened in succession during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period connected the water systems around Xuzhou. During the Tang Gaozong period, Jiangnan oil tanker set sail from Yangzhou, passed the Huaihe River, entered Xuzhou Bianshui, and then turned to Luoshui, which could reach Luoyang directly. Xuzhou connects the north and south, runs through the east and west, and becomes a water transport hub from Jianghuai to Luoyang in the Central Plains.
According to Historical Records, the first recorded flood in Xuzhou of the Yellow River occurred in the third year of Yuanguang (BC 132). Since the Western Han Dynasty, the Yellow River burst its banks 1.500 times, changed its course 26 times, and Xuzhou suffered disasters 1.32 times. The moodiness of the Yellow River has forged the spirit of Xuzhou people who are not afraid of difficulties. They are indomitable, not afraid of difficulties, and can chew hard bones.
1 194 The Yellow River burst and diverted to Shandong 1855. During this period, the Yellow River carried a lot of sediment and invaded Yishui, Shushui and Surabaya for many times. Yishui accumulated on the west side of Maling Mountain, forming Roman Lake. The Shuhe River changes its course and flows eastward into the sea; Surabaya stopped moving between Jining and Xuzhou, forming Nansi Lake. In the Tang Dynasty, the scene of "Surabaya flowing, Bianshui flowing, flowing to Guazhou ancient ferry" no longer existed. Relying on the natural water system, water transport slowly declined and artificial canals rose.
Canal age
In the Yuan Dynasty, Jeju River and Huitong River were dug one after another, and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, which runs through the north and south of China, was opened. Xuzhou has once again become the hub of grain transportation. According to statistics, there are as many as 12000 grain ships going north through Xuzhou every year, carrying as many as 4 million stones. At this time, Xuzhou was the economic lifeline of the empire.
After the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, it abolished shipping and land transportation. The north-south traffic almost depends on the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and the geographical advantage of Xuzhou is more prominent. Starting from Xuzhou, you can reach Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Anhui and Hebei provinces through the Grand Canal, so it has the reputation of "thoroughfare of five provinces".
The Grand Canal has promoted the economic prosperity of Xuzhou, and many market towns along the river have developed into material distribution centers, among which Yaowan Town is the star. Surrounded by water on three sides, the ancient town is known as "little shanghai in northern Jiangsu" and "Golden Waterway Golden Triangle". During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the population of this town was as high as 80,000. 18 businessmen in the province set up chambers of commerce here, and missionaries and businessmen from more than 10 countries do business here.
In the fifth year of Xianfeng in Qing dynasty (1855), the north of the Yellow River moved, and the riverbank of the Grand Canal was washed away. Sea transportation and land transportation are replacing water transportation. In the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1900), the Taierzhuang-Huaiyin Canal almost lost its navigation capacity, and the water transportation stopped. The Grand Canal was no longer the main traffic line between north and south, and Xuzhou lost its advantages as a water transportation hub.
Railway era
Xuzhou once again stood on the stage of the times, or because of traffic, but this time it is no longer a canal, but a railway.
Compared with other cities with declining canals, Xuzhou is undoubtedly lucky. From the early days of the birth of China Railway, Xuzhou boarded this steel "monster". Jin-Pu Railway 19 1 year, Longhai Railway 1935. Two east-west and north-south railways, the Longhai Line and the Jinpu Line, meet in Xuzhou, just like the Yellow River and the Canal met, and Xuzhou ushered in a new life.
Railways invested, designed and operated by foreigners began to enter China in the late Qing Dynasty. The Jinpu Railway was jointly built by Britain and Germany, and the Longhai Railway was initiated by fellow initiates in Belgium and the Netherlands. Miscellaneous "main" leads to different railway parameters, which greatly affects the traffic capacity. When the Jinpu Railway was opened, the speed of passenger cars was only 22 kilometers per hour, and the Longhai Railway was only 23.7 kilometers.
Even modern people think that the "Turtle Speed" railway has brought unprecedented changes to Xuzhou. Railways have replaced most land and water transportation, improved traffic speed and carrying capacity, and promoted urbanization and industrialization. The city extends in a strip along the railway trunk line to the north, south, east and west, and Xuzhou city has begun to grow for nearly a hundred years.
A hundred years later, Xuzhou once again caught up with the starting lineup of China's high-speed rail era. Xuzhou East Station is 692 kilometers away from Beijing South Railway Station and 626 kilometers away from Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station. Xuzhou is connected with the political and economic center of China by the central C position. The east-west Zhengzhou-Xuke Station and Xulianke Station were completed and opened to traffic on 20 14. Xuzhou has become the crossroads of China's high-speed railway with four verticals and four horizontals and one of the hubs of China's high-speed railway network.
"Xuzhou is the Tianjin of the north and the south, and the security of the counties and cities is also sent.
It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and hundreds of miles to the west.
The Western Expedition of Liang and Song made the Chu people switch to stop the enemy.
If you really make water from the house. "
-Su Shi
Su Shi, who once worked in Xuzhou, pointed out the characteristics of Xuzhou: the south gate, the north lock key and the throat of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, which have been battlegrounds for military strategists since ancient times.
During the reign of Emperor Yao, Peng Zu established Dapeng State here, which was the earliest city in Jiangsu. As one of China's former Kyushu, although the geographical concept has changed, the name Xuzhou has remained. On February 28th, 65438 BC, a baby boy named Liu Bang was born in Fengxian County, Xuzhou, which opened the most brilliant Han Dynasty in China's historical spectrum.
In the era of melee, Xuzhou, a thoroughfare of five provinces, is particularly important. If the northern regime holds Xuzhou, it will always spy on Huainan and Jiangnan, and the south will not feel at ease; If the southern regime holds Xuzhou, it can reach the northern provinces with the convenience of transshipment by boat, and the north is not at ease. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, due to such an important geographical position, Liu Bang divided 36 counties around Xuzhou into Chu States and gave them to his trusted brother Liu Jiao. During the 407 years of the Han Dynasty, Xuzhou was always the heart of the empire.
"Looking at Xuzhou from the culture of Han Dynasty" is not just a slogan floating in the air, but something visible. The popularity of thick burial in the Han Dynasty also led to "ten tombs in the Han Dynasty and nine tombs in the Han Dynasty". As for other influential Han tombs in China, such as Mawangdui Han Tomb, Mancheng Han Tomb, Nanyue Wang Han Tomb and Haiyue Hou Han Tomb, although the unearthed cultural relics are rich, they are all single.
Xuzhou not only has large-scale and numerous Han tombs, 16 Chu (queen) tombs and 1000 small and medium-sized Han tombs, but also unearthed a large number of Han stone reliefs, terracotta warriors, pottery, bronzes and jade articles. They are now on display in Xuzhou Museum, showing the underground life of emperors and generals in the Han Dynasty, and becoming Xuzhou in the Han Dynasty that we can see.
Because of the north-south throat, Xuzhou often has wars. According to statistics, there have been more than 400 battles in Xuzhou history. Xiang Yu led 30,000 troops to defeat Liu 500,000 troops who attacked Pengcheng and recaptured Pengcheng. This classic battle of winning more with less-the battle of Pengcheng has been recorded in the history of war. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lu Bu, Cao Cao, Liu Bei and others fought for Xuzhou, and "Liu Bei promised Xuzhou three times" and "Tuntu Mountain Ring agreed on three things" became the classics of the story of the Three Kingdoms.
At the beginning of 1938, in order to connect the battlefields in North China and Central China, the Japanese army urgently needed to open the Jin-Pu Railway. China's army launched a battle against aggression in Xuzhou, in which Taierzhuang was the most famous victory, and * * * annihilated more than 10,000 enemy troops.
During the Huaihai Campaign, Xuzhou became the focus of civil war. According to the guiding ideology put forward by Bai Chongxi, Du intends to defend Xuzhou. The People's Liberation Army annihilated most of the elite of Huangpu Department and occupied the Jianghuai area. Xuzhou once again stood in the front line of China's fate.
Frequent wars have created the strong martial character of Xuzhou people and bred Xuzhou martial arts culture. Xuzhou people love martial arts, and boxers from all over the country gather to teach boxing, which makes Xuzhou have many kinds of boxing and martial arts schools.
The debate about "Southern Jiangsu and Northern Jiangsu" has never stopped. Although there is no Jiangsu city farther north than Xuzhou, there is sometimes no Xuzhou in this discussion. Xuzhou is too north, and many people in southern Jiangsu feel as far away as Shandong and Hebei.
Xuzhou is in charge of hard-core industries, and those places in southern Jiangsu can set their minds at rest to engage in other industries and tertiary industries. For Jiangsu as a whole, only with the heavy burden of Xuzhou can the years in the south of the Yangtze River be quiet.
The stalk of "the capital of Huaihai Province" seems to be a kind of ridicule, but it also tells the current situation of Xuzhou. In Jiangsu Province, the total GDP of Xuzhou ranks sixth with more than 7 1 0 billion, which is only 37% of that of Suzhou, and the per capita GDP even falls to ninth in Jiangsu. But from Huaihai Economic Zone, Xuzhou's economy is the first of all cities. In 20 18, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Development Plan of Huaihe Ecological Economic Belt, which made it clear that Xuzhou was a regional central city. In the work report of Xuzhou Municipal Government in 2020, Huaihai Economic Zone was mentioned 10 times.
Xuzhou's mineral resources are second to none in Jiangsu. Relying on Xuzhou's convenient railway facilities, coal is transported to the whole country, which promotes Xuzhou's social development and drives Xuzhou to become a heavy industry city in northern Jiangsu.
Xuzhou is the "construction machinery capital of China" in China, and the total economic output of construction machinery accounts for 80% of Jiangsu's industry and 20% of the total sales revenue of the national industry.
Education and medical care in Xuzhou are very developed. The number of universities and students in Jiangsu is second only to Nanjing. Other residents of neighboring provinces don't have to go to the provincial capital, but come to Xuzhou.
Xuzhou has the largest food city in East China, Huaihai Food City.
Xuzhou has the largest railway freight yard and Tongshan freight yard in East China.
Xuzhou has Weiwei Group, the largest soybean milk enterprise in China.
Xuzhou owns Xugong Group, the largest construction machinery enterprise in China.
Xuzhou has China University of Mining and Technology, the earliest mining college founded in China.
Xuzhou has the first underwater Terracotta Warriors Museum in China, Xuzhou Underwater Terracotta Warriors Museum. ...
In recent years, the economic development of Xuzhou, an old industrial city, is facing many "internal troubles and foreign invasion". On the one hand, resources are exhausted, on the other hand, competition in twin cities is becoming more and more fierce.
In the list of the third batch of 25 resource-exhausted cities in China, Xuzhou jiawang district became the first national resource-exhausted area in Jiangsu Province. The GDP of Jining and Linyi is almost equal to that of Xuzhou; Shangqiu strives to build a "regional central city in the border area of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui"; Fuyang, Huainan and Bengbu jointly developed.
Xuzhou is like a robot cat "any door", with a unique geographical position and access to the world. The east-west Longhai Line and the north-south Beijing-Shanghai Line cross in Xuzhou, which is the second largest railway hub in China. Five expressways run through the city, and it is one of the first 13 important highway hub cities in China. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal passes through the territory, and there are ports and docks 133.
Xuzhou is like a stage with China as the background. In the 6000-year history of civilization and the 2600-year history of city building, various forces appeared in turn. This is Peng Zu's hometown, Liu Bang's hometown and Xiang Yu's hometown, which is called "the hometown of emperors".
This is Xuzhou, an important energy town, a heavy industry base, a city in northern Jiangsu, and the C position of Huaihai Economic Zone.
-End-
Wen Zhen ZZZ
Photo Editor | Tao Zi
Map editor | Wu Pan
It is forbidden to reprint at will without the authorization of the account.
reference data
Research on the Optimization of Xuzhou Urban Spatial Structure Driven by Ren Yadong's Industrial Transformation
Dai Peichao's Study on the Changes of Water Environment and the Rise and Fall of Xuzhou City in Historical Period
Meng's research on the historical and geographical characteristics and regional cultural characteristics of Xuzhou.