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What is the explanation of Niangjiao and chan chan?
"Sister Niang" refers to the descendants of Chinese and Malays, usually women, and men are called Chan.

Chan Nyangnya, a native Chinese, is a descendant of Chinese who settled in Malaya (present-day Malaysia) at the beginning of15th century, including Manraja (Malacca), Mamboboyi (Indonesia) and Sri Lanka (Singapore). It is a descendant of the ancient immigrants from China who married the indigenous Malays in Southeast Asia.

Colonial era

Due to the British colonial rule in Malaya, most local Chinese received English education and knew three languages, so they could contact China, Malays and British at the same time. In addition, because they know three languages, during the British government's rule, most China people were engaged in state administration and civil service positions. Due to the long-term contact with the British, many China native converted to Christianity.

Gradually, native Chinese became an influential group in the Straits Colonies (Penang, Malacca, Singapore), and they were also called "the King's China people" (the King's China people), loyal to the Queen of England. As the "native" status of native Chinese has been valued by the British government and their lives have basically become rich, Chinese and Chinese workers who arrive late are classified as new visitors.