Also known as banana pear, a British variety, is a natural seedling. It is the most widely cultivated variety of western pear in the world. It is widely cultivated in China International Travel University, Yantai, Qingdao, Zhengzhou and the old course of the Yellow River, and there are also a few in Kunming and Guiyang.

The fruits are large, most of them are thick-necked gourd-shaped, and the average single fruit weight is 2 17g. The peel is yellow-green or yellow, and occasionally there is a slight blush on the sunny side. The fruit surface is uneven, but shiny, and the fruit points are small and numerous, which is not obvious. The middle of the stem is thick, shallow and narrow, with grooves and rust, and often protrudes to one side. Sepals of medium size, persistent or residual sepals; Calyx depression is shallow and narrow, with wrinkles. The core is small with five ventricles. The pulp is milky white with fine texture and few stone cells. After 7- 10 days of ripening, it became soft and soluble, juicy, sweet and sour, and rich in aroma. It contains soluble solids 12.6%- 15.2%, soluble sugar 7.9 1%, and titratable acid 0.25%. The quality is extremely high. Fruit is not storable, and can be stored for more than 120 days under cold storage conditions.

Young trees are vigorous, upright, strong in germination and weak in branching ability. Generally, it begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years, and short fruit branches and fruiting branches are the main branches in 3-5 years, with high yield and good stability. It is easy to age after the full fruit period.

Strong adaptability, like fertile sandy loam. The cold resistance is weak, and it is severely frozen at -25℃; Disease resistance is also weak, especially easy to rot. The main reasons for short life span are too many fruits, weak growth of trees, illness and death. Strong wind resistance, scab resistance and rust resistance.

Hubali pear was bred with Bali natural seedlings by Wuwei Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, and Jinxiang pear was bred by Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The United States uses Bali as its parent to cultivate eggplant pears.

2. Chetou pear (2n=34)

Also known as Korean pear, it was introduced from Korea, such as the hybrid of western pear and sand pear, which was introduced and planted in most provinces and regions of China.

The fruit is medium-sized and nearly round, with an average single fruit weight of about 170g and the largest fruit of 400—500g. The peel is yellow-green, the positive membrane is striped and flushed, the fruit surface is smooth and shiny, the fruit point is small and medium, and there are white halo around the fruit point. Pedicel is longer; The stem is shallow and wide, with grooves. Sepals persistent or deciduous; Calyx depression is shallow and wide, with wrinkles. The core is equal in size and has five ventricles. The flesh is white and the texture is fine and crisp; After 5-7 days, it becomes soft, juicy and sour. It contains soluble solids 10%- 14.8%, soluble sugar 6.0 1%-7.02% and titratable acid 0.21%-0.25%; The quality is above average. Fruit is not resistant to storage. Besides fresh food, canned sugar water can also be processed.

Plants thrive and branches open. Strong germination and medium branching ability. It begins to bear fruit in about 4-5 years, mainly short branches, with high and stable yield. If the management is not good, there will be the phenomenon of bearing fruit every other year between individual plants. Judging from the whole orchard group, it is stable.

Chetou pear has strong adaptability, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, strong cold resistance, low temperature tolerance of -27-30℃, salt tolerance and strong pest resistance.

A new variety bred from this variety is Ai Xiang.

3. Apple pear (2n=34)

Originated in Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province. At present, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other places are the main areas, with a small amount of cultivation in Xinjiang and Tibet.

The fruit is large, irregular, oblate and looks like an apple; The average fruit weight is 2 1 1-250g. The peel is yellow-green, the sunscreen mask is red, and the fruit point is small. The fruit stalk is long, deep and narrow, wrinkled and rusty. Sepals persistent, large and erect; Calyx depressed wide, medium depth, wrinkled and raised. The core is very small. The flesh is white, the meat is crisp and there are few stone cells; Fruit juice, sweet and sour; It contains soluble solids 12%- 13.8%, soluble sugar 8.99% and titratable acid 0.3 1%. After storage, the acidity is reduced and the quality is better. Fruits are extremely resistant to storage and can generally be stored until May of the following year.

The tree is strong, medium in growth, strong in germination and medium in branching. Generally, the results begin in 4-5 years. Adult trees mainly bear short fruit branches on 3-5-year-old branches, which are prolific.

Strong adaptability, cold resistance and low temperature of -30℃. Strong drought and waterlogging resistance, strong ability to resist black heart disease. However, the ability of wind resistance and drug resistance is poor, and it is also easy to be infected and rotted. When cultivated in sandy land, small brown cork tissue is easy to appear in the pulp, which affects the fruit quality.

The new pear varieties bred with this variety as parents include Pingxiang pear, Dali pear, Zaosu pear and Jinfeng pear.

4. Yali pear

China ancient variety, native to Hebei Province. It is cultivated in North China, Liaoning, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Xinjiang.

The fruit is medium-sized, nearly short gourd-shaped, and one side of the fruit stalk often has a duckbill-shaped protrusion with rust; Single fruit weight160-190g. The peel is greenish yellow and turns yellow after storage. The fruit surface is smooth, waxy and small. The fruit stalk is long and the base is fleshy; Subsessile depression. Sepals deciduous, calyx deep. The core is very small. The flesh is white, thin and crisp; A lot of fruit juice, light and sweet, slightly fragrant; Soluble solid content 12.2%- 13.8%, soluble sugar 8.54%, titratable acid 0.20%. Excellent quality. Fruits are resistant to storage, and can generally be stored until February-March of the following year.

The tree shape is scattered and round, with medium germination and weak branching ability. Results the age is early, and the results usually begin at the age of four. Adult trees are mainly borne by short fruit branches on the mother branches of 3-5 years old, and some axillary buds bear fruit. High yield, but poor management, easy to form the phenomenon of fruit hanging every other year.

New varieties bred with Yali pear as parents include Wujiuxiang and Jinsu pear.

5. Pear (2n=34)

Also known as Rosa roxburghii, Laiyang Rosa roxburghii. Originated in chiping, Mu Ping and Laiyang, Shandong, it is one of the ancient fine varieties. Shandong is widely cultivated, and it is also cultivated in North China, Jiangsu, western Liaoning, Shaanxi and Xinjiang.

The fruit is large, irregular spindle-shaped, and the shoulders often protrude to one side; The average fruit weight is 204-250g. The pericarp is yellow-green, and turns yellow-green after storage. The fruit point is large and prominent, the fruit surface is rough, the fruit stalk is very long, the sepals fall off or remain, the calyx is shallow, and the fruit core is equal in length. The flesh is light green, yellow and white, crisp, juicy, sweet and slightly fragrant; Soluble solids 13%- 15.3%, soluble sugar 10.54%, titratable acid 0. 18%, with excellent quality. Fruits are resistant to storage, and can generally be stored until February-March of the following year.

The tree body is stout, the young trees are upright, the germination ability is moderate, and the fruit bearing age is late, and it begins to bear fruit in 5-6 years.

Suitable for sandy loam cultivation, drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance, weak cold resistance, weak resistance to black heart disease, fruit eating, phytotoxicity and wind damage.

Jinfengli is a new variety bred with Qili pear as the male parent, and Qinfengli is a new variety bred with Qili pear as the female parent.

6. Dangshan crisp pear (2n=34)

Also known as Crispy Pear and dangshan pear. Originated in Dangshan, Anhui. At present, Shandong, Shanxi, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Xinjiang and Yunnan all have a large number of plants.

The fruit is large, nearly cylindrical and slightly wide at the top; The average fruit weight is 239-370g. The pericarp is yellow-green, light yellow after storage, with small and dense fruit points, long pedicels, shallow and narrow pedicels, wide and wide pedicels, and stripe rust or flake rust. Sepals often fall off, and calyx is deep and wide. The core is very small. The pulp is white, medium thickness, crisp, juicy, sweet and slightly fragrant; Soluble solids 1 1%- 14%, soluble sugar 9.09%, titratable acid 0. 14%, excellent quality. Fruits can be stored, generally until April-May of the following year.

The tree has great potential, strong germination and medium branching ability. It begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years, with high yield.

Strong adaptability, cold resistance, moderate resistance to pests and diseases, weak resistance to scab, but stronger than Yali pear.

The new varieties bred from Dangshan crisp pear are Jinmi pear and Suqin pear.

7. Nanguo pear (2n=34)

Originated in Anshan, Liaoning Province, it is a natural seedling. Liaoning has a large amount of cultivation, and Jilin, Inner Mongolia and some northwestern provinces have a small amount of cultivation.

The fruit is small, round or oblate; The average fruit weight is 58g. The peel is yellow-green, with bright red halo on the sunny side; The fruit surface is smooth and shiny; The fruit point is small and has a faint halo. The fruit stalk is short and small, and there are often grooves around it. Sepals deciduous or persistent. The kernel is big and flat. The flesh is yellow and white, with few stone cells and good quality. It can be eaten after harvesting. Soluble solids 15.5%, titratable acid 0.56%; Excellent quality. It is resistant to transportation, but extremely resistant to storage, which can generally be stored for about 25 days.

The tree has moderate potential, strong germination and weak branching, and bears fruit in about 5 years.

Strong adaptability, resistance to scab, strong cold resistance, high grafting trees do not freeze at -37℃

Jinxiang pear is bred with Nanguo pear as the parent.

8. Jing Pak Lei

Also known as Beijing Pak Lei. Originated in the suburbs of Beijing, it is one of the better varieties. Now it is cultivated in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China.

The fruit is medium-sized, oblate and neat; Average fruit weight111g. The pericarp is yellow-green, and turns yellow-white after storage. The fruit surface is smooth and waxy, and the fruit point is small but not obvious. The fruit stalk is long, curved to one side, and the stalk is nearly concave, often with furrows. Sepals persistent; Calyx is shallow and wrinkled. The flesh is yellow and white, thick and crisp, and there are few stone cells. Soluble solids 13.0%- 17.0%, titratable acid 0.82%; Excellent quality. Not resistant to storage.

The tree has moderate potential, strong germination and weak branches; Generally, the fruit lasts about 7 years. Results The yield of young trees is low, and it can be high every year after the full fruit period.

Strong adaptability, like cold and cool, fertile sand, strong cold resistance and strong wind resistance; Scab and scale insects in pear orchards are more harmful.

Lemon yellow is a new variety bred with Beijing as the parent.

9.Nagshiro (2n=34)

Native to Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan, it is a seedling variety. Now it is cultivated in Hunan, Guizhou, Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other provinces.

The fruit is large, round or oblate; Average fruit weight 189g, with a maximum of 320g. The pericarp is green-brown or earth-brown, with large and dense fruit points and thick fruit surface. The fruit stalk is long, shallow and narrow, and the base is fleshy; Sepals persist, a few fall off, and calyx sag is shallow and wide. Large nucleus, milky white flesh, few stone cells and sweet juice; Soluble solids 10.2%- 13.8%, titratable acid 0.14%; The quality is above average. Slightly resistant to storage.

The tree is stout, semi-open, with strong germination and weak branches, and begins to bear fruit in 4-6 years; The yield is high, but the year is easy to appear.

Resistance to scab and rust, less pests and cold tolerance; Weak wind and drought resistance. Cuifu is a new variety bred with Changshilang as the parent.

10. Ergongbai

Produced in Japan, it is a hybrid of Yali pear and Zhenbo. It has a small distribution in Jiangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang and other provinces in China.

The fruit is large and oval; Average single fruit weight160g, yellow-green peel, smooth fruit surface, small and sparse fruit points and beautiful appearance. The fruit stalk is long and shallow and narrow. Sepals fall off, and calyx sag is shallow and wide. The nucleus is big, the flesh is white, the quality is tender and crisp, there are fewer stone cells and more juice; The soluble solid content is 10%- 13. 1%, and the taste and quality are sweet and sour. Poor storage resistance.

The tree is strong, the crown is open, the branches are strong and the fruit is early; Generally, the fruit is three years old, mainly with short branches; High fruit setting rate and high yield.

Wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, drought resistance, wind resistance, resistance to black spot, scab and poor waterlogging tolerance.

Zaocui is a new variety bred with Ergongbai as the male parent.