The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the largest local war in Europe after the Second World War. In the war, the three clans used nearly 2000 cannons, 600 tanks, 600 armored vehicles and some fighter planes. Of the more than 4.3 million people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 278,000 died and more than 2 million became refugees. More than 85% of the country's economic facilities were destroyed, resulting in direct economic losses of more than $45 billion. The five-nation contact group composed of the United Nations, the United States, Britain, France, Germany and Russia tried many times to mediate the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but all failed. The process of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was accompanied by military intervention and armed intervention by external forces, especially NATO's military intervention, which had a great impact on the outcome of the war.

During the war, the United Nations Security Council successively passed resolutions such as arms embargo, establishment of safe zone and no-fly zone, but they did not stop the war. Finally, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking NATO to use air strikes to stop the war. From the initial military threat to Serbia's military intervention, NATO gave full play to its air superiority, attacked Serbian positions, and cooperated with the ground attack of Muslim-Croatian Coalition forces, finally forcing Serbs to sign the Dayton Agreement. After the war, the International Court of Justice in The Hague issued a wanted order for Serbian war criminals who committed war and genocide, and arrested them on a global scale. And made a request to the former Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro and later Serbia) to cooperate with the International Criminal Court to arrest and extradite war criminals as a necessary condition for joining the EU. Milosevic, Karadzic and other senior officials of the former Yugoslavia were eventually arrested by Serbian authorities.