Cultivation techniques and pest control of the Chinese herbal medicine Bletilla and

A, General

For the orchid family Bletilla genus Bletilla dry rhizome. Alias: Lianhe grass, sweet root, white to, Zhu Lan, purple orchid. It is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine with the functions of tonifying the lungs, stopping bleeding, eliminating swelling and generating muscle. It can be used to treat tuberculosis, coughing up blood, bronchial dilatation and hemoptysis, gastric ulcer and vomiting blood, blood in urine and stool, etc. It can also be used externally to treat bleeding from wounds, burns, cracked hands and feet, etc. It can also be used to stop bleeding in the lungs. Bletilla hemostatic effect is very good, now with Bletilla made of adhesive film block, used for liver and spleen surgery pasted at the incision, instead of blood clamps, the effect is very good. With rapid blood clotting effect, can be used for surgery instead of plasma. Mainly produced in sichuan, yunnan, shaanxi, gansu and other provinces, there are cultivated throughout the country.

Two, morphological characteristics

Perennial herbs. The plant is 30-60 centimeters tall. Tuber fleshy, white, with 2-3 forks in rhombic shape, with fibrous roots, often concurrent, racemes terminal, often with 3-8 flowers; flowers light purplish-red, petals not neat. Capsule cylindrical, with 6 longitudinal ribs, slightly pointed at both ends. Seeds tiny, numerous. Flowering in April-May, fruiting in July-August. There are two kinds of hyacinth, there is another kind of yellowish-white flowers, leaves striped lanceolate, for narrow-leaved hyacinth. In the purple safflower, and there are large species, small species, of which the large species of tubers are more productive.

Three, growth characteristics

Like warm, cool and shady environment; not cold. Require fertile, loose and well-drained sandy loam or humus loam. Requires cultivation on shady slopes or more shady and humid plots.

Four, cultivation techniques

1. Selection of land preparation; choose loose and fertile sandy loam and humus loam, warm, slightly shady and humid environment, not hardy. Well-drained mountain planting, it is appropriate to choose the shady slopes of the raw wasteland planting. Turn the soil more than 20 cm, stable manure and compost, 1000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, no farmyard manure can be sprinkled with 50 kg of three yuan compound fertilizer. Then turn the ground to make the soil and fertilizer mix evenly. Before planting a shallow plowing, the soil is fine, harrowing, make a wide 130-150 cm raised bed.

2. propagation method; hyacinth seed sowing is more difficult, sub-tuber propagation is easier. 9 - early November hyacinth dug out, choose the size of the medium, more bud eyes, disease-free tubers, each with 1 - 2 buds, dipped in cinders, after planting. Open ditch ditch spacing 20 - 25 cm, 5 - 6 cm deep, according to the plant spacing 10 - 12 cm to put a tuber, buds upward, filling, compaction, watering, mulching, often keep wet, March - April seedlings. Mu with seedlings 100 kilograms,

3. field management

(1) plowing weeding Bletilla in the field management weeding requirements are very strict, planting a good spray ethofumesate closed, Bletilla seedling out of the flush. 5 - June Bletilla growth is very vigorous, weeds also grow quickly, weeding. Weeding combined with cradling loose beds, weeding should be shallow hoeing, lest it hurt the roots.

(2) Fertilizer hyacinth is a plant that likes fertilizer, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or dilute human and animal feces and urine once a month, stopping growth in July---August into the dormant, but to prevent the weeds from overgrowing.

(3) irrigation and drainage Bletilla hyacinthus likes shade, often keep wet, watering in drought, watering once in the morning and evening in July to September. Bletilla and afraid of waterlogging, heavy rain timely drainage to avoid injury to the roots.

4. Pest control

(1) Root rot disease occurs in the south in the spring and summer rainy season. Prevention and control methods: pay attention to flooding and waterproofing, digging deep drainage ditches.

(2) tigress, golden needles can be artificially trapped and booby-trapped or mixed with poisonous soil, with the ground insects absolutely applied to the bed. Use 50% zinc sulfur phosphorus emulsion 700 times liquid watering bed. V. Harvesting and processing Bletilla hyacinthina planted 2 - 3 years later, 9 - October when the stems on the ground withered, digging tubers to remove the soil, processing. Take off the tubers individually, choose and keep the new stalks for seed, cut off the stalks, soak in water for 1 hour, wash the soil, put in boiling water and cook for 5-10 minutes, take out the kang to the whole dry. Remove the rough skin and roots and sift the impurities. Generally mu harvest 800-1000 kilograms of fresh products, can be processed 200-300 kilograms. Large, full, white, translucent, solid quality is preferred. Sixth, the active ingredients tuber contains starch, glucose, volatile oil; roots contain hyacinthine mannan.

Growing herbs weed control is generally used in chemical prevention and eradication methods.

I. Precautions

1, pay attention to the selectivity, specificity and timeliness of chemical herbicides, and do not misuse or misuse.

2, strictly grasp the limited dose. Herbicides should be used according to the specific soil quality, taking into account the microclimate of the farmland, strictly in accordance with the dosage range specified in the drug instructions, dosage concentration and dosage use.

3, reasonable mixing agents. When two or more herbicides are mixed, we should strictly control the proportion and application time and spraying technique, and consider whether there is any resistance or other side effects between them. A small amount of mixability test can be taken first, if there is precipitation, flocculation, stratification, floating and deterioration, indicating that its safety has changed, it can not be mixed. In addition, we must pay attention to the mixed agent synergistic function, such as killing grass Dan and enemy weeds mixed agent herbicidal efficacy than the sum of the single agent herbicidal efficacy to be greater, the use of mixed agent to reduce the amount of medicine (generally within half of the amount of single agent), to avoid the occurrence of drug damage, to ensure the safety of medicinal herbs.

4, pay attention to the isolation of the application of medicine and wind direction, the fog droplets are not fine, so as to avoid drift caused by the neighboring farmland by the drug damage, while paying attention to the impact of the next crop.

5, grasp the best time to apply herbicides and the technical operation of the essentials, properly preserved agents, to prevent misuse, and good cleaning of spraying equipment, so as to avoid misuse, so that other crops produce drug damage.

6, pay attention to the environmental conditions on the impact of herbicides, temperature and moisture, light, soil type, organic matter content, soil tillage and level of land preparation and other factors, will directly or indirectly affect the effect of herbicides.

7, flexible medication. Medicinal plants base drug soil method of drug application weed control, to be carried out in dew-free conditions, so as to avoid stem and leaf contact with the drug solution victimization. The crop seedling, germ sensitive agents, soil treatment should be applied after the seed cover before sowing, and try to improve the quality of sowing, and appropriately increase the amount of sowing. Some transplanted herbs, because of their large seedlings and young weeds, can be taken to the seedling belt (20-30 cm wide near the seedlings) to focus on the application of drugs. Resistant to poor selectivity or touch herbicide implementation of protective application, that is, the liquid directly sprayed or poured on the soil surface, as far as possible not to touch the herb seedlings, and can not be delayed until the seedling body is vigorous, green leaf area is large when the application. If the stubble allows, can be taken before the herb sowing and planting of dry watering, paddy field wetting and cover film induced measures, so that the weed sprouted in advance, and then kill the drug.

8, there is no herbicide on the market specifically for medicinal herbs, mostly borrowed from vegetables, fruit trees and other herbicides, so you must have practical experience in the experts or technicians under the guidance of the purchase of herbicides or implementation of weed control operations, so as not to cause economic losses and adverse consequences.

Two, the applicable pesticides

The common weeds in the field of medicine are mainly barnyard grass, dogweed, paintbrush, Matang grass, oxalis, look at Maidenhair, white grass, antirrhinoceros, amaranth, chickweed, polygonum quinoa, pig's woolly adelgid, one-way cabbage, shepherd's purse, peanut, gray ashwaggon, and the field of whirlpools, and so on. These weeds not only compete with herb plants for nutrients and water in the soil, but also deteriorate the environment, spread disease and pests, seriously affecting the yield and quality of Chinese herbs. In the process of weed control, for different weeds should be based on their different properties using different methods of prevention and control, the choice of chemical herbicides, not only to save money and labor, but also more thorough, can receive a better prevention and eradication effect.