Fennel flower
One. The efficacy of fennel
Fennel is spicy, sweet and warm. It has the functions of invigorating stomach, dispelling cold and relieving pain. Foeniculum can be fried, cold, steamed stuffed bun and jiaozi, and it has its own fragrance. Tao Hongjing said: Boil bad meat, add a little, there is no odor, and the smelly sauce is fragrant at the end, so it is called fennel. Li Shizhen said, vulgar people tend to chew with bitterness, fearing the name of fragrance, or take it as such.
The main components of fennel are protein, fat, dietary fiber, anethole, fennel ketone, anisaldehyde and so on. Its aroma mainly comes from anethole. Aromatic substances such as anisaldehyde. Foeniculum vulgare can stimulate gastrointestinal nerve and blood vessels, promote the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, stimulate appetite and help digestion. Fennel is pungent and warm, and has the effects of warming liver and kidney, warming stomach and dispelling cold in medicine.
Foeniculum vulgare L. is the mature fruit of Foeniculum vulgare L., and after laying the fruit in autumn, impurities are removed for medicinal use. Fennel is pungent and warm, and belongs to liver, kidney, spleen and stomach meridians. It has the effects of dispelling cold, relieving pain, regulating qi and regulating stomach. Foeniculum vulgare can dispel cold, enter liver and kidney, warm kidney and liver, promote qi circulation and relieve pain, which is an important medicine for clinical treatment of cold hernia and abdominal pain. The pungent and warm fennel can warm the middle energizer, dispel cold and relieve pain, and regulate the qi of spleen and stomach to stimulate appetite and stop vomiting, which has a good curative effect on the syndrome of stagnation of qi in middle energizer and deficiency-cold gastropathy.
Second, the role of fennel
Fennel is pungent and warm, and has the effects of dispelling cold and relieving pain, regulating stomach and regulating qi. Modern pharmacological research shows that fennel also has anti-ulcer, analgesic and sex hormone-like effects, and fennel oil has different degrees of antibacterial effects.
Fennel planting
Third, fennel planting season
Fennel cultivation mainly includes early maturity cultivation in spring dew, cultivation in spring dew, cultivation in autumn dew and cultivation in protected field after autumn.
(1) Early-maturing cultivation in spring open field should be planted in greenhouse or small plastic arch shed from February to March, fennel should be harvested in April to May, and fennel should be harvested in the first half of May to supply the market.
(2) Foeniculum vulgare L. is cultivated in spring open field by direct seeding, with the sowing date from March to April and harvesting from May to June; Bulb fennel/kloc-0 ~ 2 months in greenhouse, divided into small arches in March, planted in the open field from late March to early April, and harvested in June ~ July.
(3) Most fennel varieties and corm fennel varieties are selected for cultivation in the open field in autumn, and fennel and fennel are directly planted in the open field from July to August and harvested in September ~1October; Bulb fennel seedlings were raised in the first half of July, planted in the second half of August, and harvested at10 ~11month.
(4) Cultivation in protected field is postponed in autumn, and fennel and fennel are directly broadcast in greenhouse or greenhouse in10 ~1month, and harvested in1~ February the following year; Bulb fennel was sown in September, planted in greenhouse or greenhouse10 ~1month, and harvested in February-March of the following year.
fennel
Four, fennel cultivation techniques
1. Seeding method
① There are two kinds of sowing methods: winter sowing (egg wrapping) and spring sowing. In winter sowing, the seeds are sown in the frozen farmland with suitable moisture content before the winter of last year (Kashi Reclamation Area 1 1 25th of the month ~15th of February, and the ground temperature of 3cm can also be used as an indicator to be lower than 5℃), and the crops are harvested in the second year. Spring sowing is sown, managed and harvested in the spring of that year (there is a non-linear positive correlation between the advance of spring sowing time and the yield of fennel harvested). ② Intercropping takes advantage of the short growth period of fennel, and interplanting fennel in wide rows after sowing crops with wide and narrow rows of plastic film in spring. It is suitable for interplanting before April 12 or when the ground temperature of 5cm is not higher than 15℃.
2. Variety selection
Shache fennel with strong branching ability, high yield, lodging resistance, purification and rejuvenation, and full screened seeds should be selected.
3. Sowing requirements
There are two kinds of fennel: hole sowing and drill sowing. Winter sowing is mainly hole sowing (row spacing is 20 ~ 30cm, hole spacing is 9 ~12cm), and spring sowing is mainly strip sowing (row spacing is 30cm, plant spacing is 5 ~ 8cm). Interplanting uses hole sowing. Sowing depth1.5 ~ 2.5cm, and suppression after sowing. The seed consumption per hectare is 22.5 ~ 30 kg (1000-grain weight1.3 ~1.8 g). 300,000 ~ 500,000 holes per hectare, seedling protection1400,000 ~ 2,000,000 plants, and seedling protection by drilling1500 ~1800,000 plants.
Step 4 manage
① In early spring, the field pipe is centered on increasing temperature and preserving soil moisture. It is advisable to carry out shallow harrow suppression before sowing fennel, harrow the ground in time in case of rain before sowing, and break the hardening, so as to protect soil moisture and sprout early. The direction of shallow harrow is perpendicular to the sowing direction, the depth of harrow is not more than 2 cm, and it is equipped with a soil crushing ballast.
② The field management at seedling stage is mainly chemical adjustment, supplemented by manual weeding and seedling spacing. Spraying foliar fertilizer 1 time (1%~ 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate+0.5% ~1%urea) at 2 ~ 4 leaf stages of fennel seedlings. At the stage of 5-8 leaves of seedlings, 0.15% ~ 0.3% mepiquat chloride was sprayed locally on the overgrown field, so as to enhance the internode thickness at the base of the overgrown seedlings, reduce the plant height and prevent lodging in the later stage.
(3) field management in the flower and fruit period should focus on preventing accumulated rain and flooding, and keep roots and leaves, promote grain fruiting and increase grain weight. Foeniculum vulgare is drought-tolerant but not waterlogging-tolerant. In case of rain from May to June, if the field is waterlogged for more than 8 hours, it will form flooding damage, resulting in plant death or even no harvest. Therefore, in case of moderate to heavy rain, timely drainage. Although fennel flower and fruit period does not require high water and fertilizer, it has a long overlapping period. Abnormal climate and soil drought will have adverse effects on flowering, fertilization and yield, and 0.2% ~ 0.4% boron and zinc micro-fertilizers can be sprayed on the leaves to improve the seed setting rate. In the middle and late stage of fennel growth, there are spots with early senescence (yellow leaves), and1.5% ~ 3% urea leaf fertilizer can be sprayed to improve the ability of roots and leaves to absorb nutrients and promote the normal ripening of fruits. 0.2% ~ 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the spots with dark green leaves and a tendency of being greedy for green and late ripening, so as to increase the 1000-grain weight and achieve the same overall harvest period.
Five, fennel timely harvest
Under the same production conditions, winter sowing fennel ripens 7 ~12 days earlier than spring sowing fennel, and direct sowing ripens 3 ~ 7 days earlier than interplanting. Morphological standard of suitable harvest: 70% ~ 80% fennel in the field has orange leaves and yellowish skin. Early harvest is not mature enough, and too late fruit seeds are easy to fall and cause losses. Harvesting usually adopts manual pulling and centralized drying, mechanical impurity removal and cleaning after rolling, bagging and storage to prevent moisture.