Summer black grape originated in Japan, Europe and America, triploid seedless variety. The peel is purple-black or blue-black, with fast and consistent coloring, thick fruit powder and beautiful appearance; The flesh is hard and crisp, the fruit tastes sweet and delicious, slightly sour, and the skin is close to the flesh, so you don't spit the skin. It is one of the most delicious grape varieties in China market.
1, grape growth period 150 days-160 days (it takes about 30-40 days to raise seedlings), and the life span and economic cultivation period of grapes can generally reach 30 to 50 years.
2, the role of grapes: the grape fruit is bright in color and the juice is delicious; Nutrient-rich: its sugar content10 ~ 30%, organic acid 0.5 ~1.4%, protein 0.15 ~ 0.9%, inorganic salt 0.3 ~ 0.5%, and contains various vitamins and amino acids needed by human body; Wine-making: grapes can be used to make wine besides raisins and grape juice; Beautifying and shading: planting grapes on the platform of the top floor of the house can not only beautify the roof, but also shade it;
3. Planting season: It is suitable to plant in spring when the temperature is between 15-25℃, such as early March-April; The layering can start in early April; Such as early March-April; The layering can start in early April;
Second, the preparatory work:
1, Select improved varieties: There are many varieties of grapes, such as Kyoho, Fujiminori, Goldfinger, etc. They have early maturity and strong adaptability, so you can choose high-quality varieties according to the local weather and the use of fruits.
2. Soil layer selection: sandy loam with convenient transportation, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil layer and loose soil (with good air permeability and rapid ground temperature recovery) is the best soil.
3. Soil preparation: in the autumn and winter of the first year, soil is prepared by applying decomposed organic fertilizer and uniformly mixing it with the soil. Before soil preparation, about 1500 kg of decomposed fertilizer is applied to each mu, and at the same time, lOOkg superphosphate is added, and then the soil is deeply dug for about 30 cm, and the soil is hammered into a seedbed with a required ditch width of 0.8m and a depth of 0.4-0.6 m, so as to prepare for planting.
4. Selected frame: V-shaped frame, high-width vertical T-shaped frame and horizontal shed frame can be used as cultivation frame, but single-wall hedge frame is not suitable. Reasonable garden construction, material selection and erection according to the selected frame.
5. Reasonable planting: from the end of 1 1 month to March of the following year, select stout seedlings, and leave 2-3 full buds for short cutting before planting. After planting, it should be watered and covered with black plastic film to keep moisture and prevent weeds.
There are two kinds of cultivation frame: hedge frame and flat shed frame, and the corresponding planting density is generally 2.5m× 1.2m (double cross V-frame), 2.8-3x1m (T-frame with vertical height and width) and 4m× 1m (horizontal shed frame).
6. Advocate facility cultivation: In addition to open-air cultivation, summer black grapes can be cultivated in facilities if conditions permit. Greenhouse cultivation can mature early 10 to 15 days, increasing economic benefits. Rain-shelter cultivation can reduce the occurrence of diseases, although it can't be listed in advance.
Third, summer black grape planting techniques
1, soil selection. Black grape can grow normally in slightly acidic, neutral and slightly alkaline loam. Neutral and slightly alkaline sandy loam with loose soil and good drainage is the most suitable.
2, vine shaping. For the extracted secondary shoots, 1-2 leaves can be left as fruiting mother branches, and only 1-2 leaves are left for re-coring. Leave one ear fruit for each new shoot, and remove the secondary ear and ear tip when thinning flowers one week before flowering. Sparse the thin and deformed fruit after fruit setting. It is suggested to apply an antiseptic film to the trimming mouth to promote wound healing.
3. Water and fertilizer management. After the seedlings survive in that year, it is suggested to apply thin fertilizer regularly and add new high-fat film to enhance the utilization rate of fertilizer efficiency.
4. Disease control. Black pox and downy mildew with poor resistance should be prevented early. Targeted drugs such as carbendazim, tuijunte, fosfomite, toxic mildew and Tobuzin can be used in rotation to avoid drug resistance.
5. Cold-proof: After fruit picking, the whole garden is sprayed with tree protection generals to drive away pests and diseases and overwinter, and the cold-proof trees are safe to overwinter.
Harvest and storage of summer black grapes
Fresh grapes must be harvested in time to ensure their quality. Early harvest, low sugar content, high acidity, poor coloring, light aroma and poor flavor, but fully mature fruits, if delayed, are in danger of cracking and threshing, and affect the recovery of tree potential. The best time to harvest grapes is after the dew dries in the morning and after sunset in the afternoon. At this time, the temperature in the juice is reduced, which is not only fragrant, but also resistant to storage.
After harvesting, if a part can be stored and listed on New Year's Day or Spring Festival, a higher selling price can be obtained. Generally, grapes with higher maturity are more resistant to storage, so a small number of ears can be left on the tree to postpone harvesting. The harvested ear is sealed with wax on the cutting mouth of the ear shaft to reduce water evaporation, and the broken grains, small fruits and diseased grains are removed, and then placed in the shade for 1-2 days for pre-cooling and heat dissipation for storage. Wash and dry the jar, put three layers of paper inside, put grapes, put a tic-tac-toe lattice on it, put another layer of grapes, put a tic-tac-toe lattice and a layer of grapes until it is full, and cover the jar with paper. Weigh the cylinder into a cool room. When the weather gets colder, cover the cylinder mouth with grass, and surround the cylinder with grass to keep the indoor temperature at 0~2C. Stored until February-March of the following year, the fruit is still as fresh as ever.
Grape variety
Phoenix 5 1
Phoenix 5 1 is a Eurasian species, with a conical ear and an average weight of 422 grams. Its fruit grains are nearly round with an average weight of 7 grams, and the largest one is 15 grams. The fruit grains are rose red to dark red, with delicate, slightly crisp and sweet meat, and mature in early July.
6- 12
6- 12 is a Eurasian species, which belongs to the extremely early bud mutation of crimson grape. The average spike weight is 450g, the maximum spike weight is1000g, the fruit is nearly round, the average grain weight is 7g, the maximum grain weight is14g, the pulp is hard and crisp, and the yield is extremely high, with sugar content100g.
Auguste
Auguste is a Eurasian species, with an average ear weight of 580 grams and a large ear 1000 grams or more. The fruit is oval in shape, with an average weight of 8.3 grams and a maximum weight of 12.5 grams. The peel is medium-thick, the flesh is hard, with sugar content of 17%, and the quality is excellent, and it is fully mature into golden yellow. Mature in mid-July.
Guifei rose
Guifei Rose is a Eurasian species with conical ear, with an average weight of 700g, and the maximum is1000g. The fruit is ovoid, with an average weight of 9g and a maximum of15g. The pulp is hard and crisp, sweet in taste, containing soluble solids 16.4%, with a strong rose fragrance, extremely high in quality and fully mature into yellow. Mature in mid-July.
Black banana
Black banana is a Eurasian species, with conical or cylindrical ears, with an average ear weight of 498 grams and oval fruit grains with an average weight of 5 grams. The fruit powder is medium and fleshy, sweet and banana-flavored, containing soluble solids15 ~17%, and it is purple-black when it is ripe. Mature in early July.