Choosing the best cultivation season is the key to high yield and high quality of stem mustard and control of pests and diseases. The growth period of stem mustard is longer than that of leaf mustard, and its temperature requirements are stricter than that of leaf mustard. Its adaptability to climate and ability to resist aphids and viruses are worse than that of leaf mustard.

(1) Sowing and seedling cultivation

In production, the method of first cultivating seedlings and then planting is often used to cultivate stem mustard. Some areas also use direct seeding cultivation. Live broadcasting will not delay growth and has no slow seedling period. It can be broadcast 15 to 20 days later than sowing and raising seedlings. Viral diseases can also be reduced. The yield is similar to that of sowing and raising seedlings 15 to 20 days in advance. However, it takes longer and requires More cultivating and weeding are required twice, and more pesticides are used to control diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage of the field, which increases management trouble and costs. Therefore, the direct seeding method is rarely used for cultivation.

The nursery site should choose clay loam or loam that is rich in organic matter and has strong water and fertility retention. It is best to choose a nursery field that is far away from the source of the virus and that has not been planted with mustard or cruciferous crops in three years to reduce the chance of aphids spreading the virus. The seedbed soil should be plowed 30 centimeters deep into the soil for half a month, and enough decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer. The seedbed soil should be fully smoothed and leveled, and a 1-meter-wide trench should be dug into a high border. The surface of the border should be leveled. Every 0.1 acres of the seedbed Sow about 50 grams of seeds in the ground and sow them evenly. After the seedlings emerge, when the two true leaves are in one center, thin out the seedlings at a distance of 6 to 7 cm or divide the seedlings for false planting, and remove deformed seedlings, weak seedlings, and seedlings with diseases and insect pests. After thinning out the seedlings and after the fake plants survive, it is necessary to topdress with dung water and spray pesticides to prevent aphids to ensure healthy growth of the seedlings. During the entire seedling development period, because the temperature is still relatively high, it is the season when aphids flourish and migrate frequently. Special attention should be paid to the thorough prevention and control of aphids in the seedbed to prevent viral diseases from spreading in the seedbed. The seedlings should be grown into compact, stocky, disease-free and insect-free seedlings. Seedlings can be planted when they have 5 to 6 true leaves.

(2) Land preparation and planting

The stem mustard seedlings sown at the right time should be planted after they grow short, disease-free seedlings with 5 to 6 true leaves about 35 days after sowing. Plant in time. If planting is too late, leggy seedlings may easily form in the seedbed and may be damaged during planting.

Plots for planting stem mustard should choose loam or clay soil that has strong water and fertility retention and is conducive to drainage and irrigation. At the same time, try to choose plots that have not been planted with mustard and cruciferous vegetables in three years. Reduce the damage caused by aphids and the spread of viral diseases.

For fields where stem mustard is cultivated, the soil must be plowed deeply for half a month, which can disinfect and kill field pests and mature the soil, and is conducive to the growth of the root system of stem mustard in the future. Then 22,500 to 30,000 kilograms of decomposed human and animal manure should be applied per hectare as base fertilizer. At the same time, 75 to 120 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer, 300 to 375 kilograms of superphosphate, and 120 to 150 kilograms of potassium sulfate should be applied to each hectare. After the fertilizer and soil are fully raked, the land is prepared for sorghum cultivation. Sorghum can reduce the occurrence of soft rot.

The general planting density of stem mustard is 60,000 to 75,000 plants per hectare, and the general plant-row spacing is 34 cm × 40 cm. In order to improve the quality of processed mustard, the sowing time can also be appropriately delayed and the planting density can be increased, which can reduce the damage of viral diseases and increase yield. If the planting density reaches 90,000 to 120,000 plants per hectare, each mustard head can be controlled at 250 to 300 grams, and the yield per hectare can reach 45,000 to 60,000 kilograms.

(3) Field management

① Fertilization: During the entire growth period of stem mustard from planting to harvesting, the expanded stems should be based on different cultivation environmental conditions and stem and leaf growth. In this case, top dressing is generally required three times based on the application of base fertilizer. After transplanting the surviving seedlings, you should lightly apply a seedling fertilizer once. Apply 15,000 to 18,000 kilograms of watered clear manure per hectare, 30 to 45 kilograms of urea, 30 to 45 kilograms of potassium sulfate, and 120 to 120 kilograms of superphosphate. 150kg. At this time, the leaves grow rapidly, which is conducive to the rapid formation of the first leaf ring and lays a good nutritional foundation for the expansion of the stem. After the first leaf ring is formed, the second leaf ring gradually forms. At this time, the stem begins to expand, and a second fertilizer should be applied.

This time the top dressing should be slightly heavier than the first time. Apply 18,000 to 21,000 kilograms of decomposed farm manure per hectare, add 75 to 90 kilograms of urea, 75 to 90 kilograms of potassium sulfate, and 10 kilograms of superphosphate. This fertilization will help evenly supply nutrients to the rapidly expanding stems. When the stem has expanded to half, the third leaf ring has been formed. The stem expansion fertilizer should be applied again. This is also the last fertilization of stem mustard. This time, urea and phosphate fertilizers are not needed. Mix 22,500 kilograms of decomposed farm manure with 75 to 120 kilograms of potassium sulfate and apply it. After three top dressings, stem mustard has sufficient nutrients throughout the growth period, and it is not appropriate to apply any more fertilizer half a month before harvest. The type of fertilization should be mainly farm organic fertilizer, with appropriate supplementation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, especially focusing on the supplementation of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. This is the key to achieving high yield and high quality of stem mustard. It is better to apply fertilizer lightly in the early stage, heavy application in the mid-term, and supplementary application according to seedlings in the later stage.

② Irrigation: Stem mustard is a crop that requires more water throughout the growth period. If the soil moisture is insufficient or the water supply is uneven, the thick fiber and hollow content of the enlarged stems will increase. When planting, the root fixing water should be poured thoroughly once, and the seedling slowing water should be poured thoroughly after the seedlings are slowed down. After fertilizing to form the first leaf ring, carry out frequent irrigation with light water 1 to 2 times. When the second leaf ring is formed and the stem begins to swell, a slightly larger amount of water should be irrigated. The water should be used to measure the moisture of the border surface. Flood irrigation should not be carried out. After the formation of the third leaf ring, the stem has entered a period of rapid expansion. At this time, the soil should be evenly irrigated according to the drought conditions to keep the soil moist at all times. It should not be too dry or too wet to avoid hollowing or cracking. It should be done half a month before harvesting. Stop irrigation.

③ Intertillage and weeding: After the stem mustard is planted and after the seedlings have emerged through direct seeding, when the temperature is still relatively high and there are more autumn rains, attention should be paid to intertillage and weeding in the field, at least before the stem mustard is sealed. It is necessary to cultivate and weed 2 to 3 times, and keep the soil loose and free of weeds at all times. If there are still weeds after closing the forest, they should be manually pulled out.

④Pests and diseases control: The main diseases of stem mustard include downy mildew, soft rot and viral diseases; pests include vegetable borers, yellow striped jumpers and aphids. Yellow stripe jumps easily occur after stem mustard seedlings are planted, vegetable stem borers occur in the middle and late stages of growth of stem mustard, and aphids occur throughout the growth period. The occurrence of viral diseases has the greatest impact on mustard yield and quality. To prevent and control the damage caused by viral diseases, comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted. Disease-resistant varieties should be selected, continuous cropping is strictly prohibited, aphid damage should be prevented, and routes of virus transmission should be eliminated. The economic plan for prevention and control can adopt a variety of methods, such as using yellow boards at the edge of the field to attract aphids, or covering them with silver-gray reflective plastic films to avoid aphids, and then using systemic pesticides such as dimethoate and fenfothrin pesticides at the seedling stage and Rosette stage spray control.

⑤Harvest: Harvest in time when the enlarged stems have fully expanded or short flower sprouts are seen in the heart leaves. In the Fuling area of ??Chongqing, cabbage is generally harvested around mid-February, while in southern subtropical areas, cabbage is generally harvested in January.