1)
Since "Wind" and "Elegance", the sound of sleep is 1, so don't pull out the thread 2; Qi Wen Yu Qi 3, whose "Li Sao" is awesome! After Gu has been a poet, 4, before Fenfei resigned, 5; It's not far from being holy, but there are only a few people in Chu. Yesterday, Hanwu loved Sao 7, while Huainan wrote Biography 8, thinking: "Guofeng is lewd but not lewd 9, Xiaoya is resentful but not chaotic 11, and if Li Sao is written, it can be said to be both; 11 in the turbidity of cicadas, except for floating dust, it is nirvana but not 12, although it is glory with the sun and the moon. " 13 Ban Gu thought 14: Show your talents and praise yourself, and sink into the river in anger 15; Yi, Shui, Er Yao 16, which is not in line with Zuo Shi 17; Kunlun and Hangpu 18, which are not contained in the righteousness. However, his diction is elegant, and it is the ancestor of Ci Fu. Although it is not wise, it can be described as a wonderful talent. Wang Yi thought 21: poet Thiel 21, Qu Yuan Wan Shun 22. The article "Li Sao" is based on the classics; If you take 23, you will take 24 with six dragons. Kunlun, quicksand 25, then "Yugong" applied soil 26; The famous Confucian Ci Fu is 27, and its appearance is 28; The so-called "metallographic jade 29, unparalleled in the world" is also 31. And Han Xuan laments 31, thinking that they are all combined with sutra 32; Yang Xiong satirizes 33, which is also the same as Poetry and Elegance 34. Four schools cited Fang Jing 35, while Meng Jian said that it was not preach 36. 37 words of praise and criticism, 38 words of excessive suppression, can be described as 39 words of wisdom, and 41 words of play without verification.
[translation]
Since National Style, Xiaoya and Elegance, few people continue to write poems like The Book of Songs. Later, some strange essays emerged, that is, works like Li Sao. This is the reason why it rose after the author of the Book of Songs and was active before the ci fu writers, probably because it is not far from the saints, and most Chu people are talented. Once upon a time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty loved Li Sao and other articles, and asked Liu An, the king of Huainan, to write Li Sao Biography. Liu An thinks that the romance in Guofeng is not excessive, and the satire in Xiaoya is also appropriate, while Li Sao and other articles just have the advantages of both. Qu Yuan can get rid of the dirty environment like a cicada's shell, and can get rid of the worldly customs. His innocence can be dyed or not, and it can be compared with the sun and the moon. However, Ban Gu thinks: Qu Yuan likes to boast about his talents and commit suicide by drowning in resentment; In his works, he talked about the stories of Hou Yi, Overwatering and Er Yao, which were inconsistent with the relevant records in Zuo Zhuan. When it comes to Kunlun and Hangpu, it is not recorded in Confucian classics. However, his words are gorgeous and elegant, and he is the founder of Ci Fu. Therefore, although Qu Yuan is not a wise man, he can be said to be a great talent. Later, Wang Yi thought that Qu Yuan was much gentler than the author of The Book of Songs who warned him with his ear. Li Sao is often written according to the scriptures. For example, riding a dragon and riding a phoenix is based on the metaphor of Lapras in the Book of Changes. Talking about Kunlun and quicksand is based on the records about land in Yugong. Therefore, the ci and fu written by famous scholars in future generations all follow his example; It is indeed as precious as gold and jade, and there is nothing in history that can be compared with him. In addition, for example, Emperor Xuandi praised Chu Ci, thinking that it was all in line with Confucianism; Yang Xiong read it and said it was similar to the Book of Songs. Four people, including Liu An, compared the Songs of the South to the Scriptures, but only Ban Gu said that it was not consistent with the Scriptures. These praises or accusations focus on the surface, which is often not in line with the reality, that is, the identification is not accurate, and the taste is not checked.
[Notes]
1 The sound of "Feng" and "Ya" (qǐn invades) refers to after the appearance of the Book of Songs (6th century BC). Sleep: stop.
2 thread-pulling: refers to continuing to write. Draw: extend. Xu: Yu Xu.
3 depression: prosperity. This refers to the number of new works.
4 porch (zh): the way of flying. Here, the writer is described as actively engaged in creative activities.
5 Fenfei: It is close to the meaning of "Xuandong" in the previous sentence. Ci writer: Ci writer.
6 saint: refers to Confucius. Not far: It was only over a century from the death of Confucius (479 BC) to the birth of Qu Yuan (343 BC-339 BC).
7 Hanwu: Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
8 Huainan: Liu An. He is the imperial clan of the Han Dynasty, and attacked the works about Li Sao written by King Huai Nan and Liu An, which is called Biography here. Liu Xie also said it was Fu in Shen Si. In the past, there were different opinions (for example, Han Ji Xiao Wu Ji and Gao You's Lie Hong Jie Xu were both called Li Sao Fu), and Liu Xie seemed to adopt them equally. This Biography or Fu has long been lost.
9 colors: refers to female colors. Prostitution: excesses and excesses.
11 Fei (fěi bandit): sarcasm. Chaos: refers to the loss of order.
11 molting (tui): peeling.
12 scab (called jiào): white. Niè nie: dyed black. Zi (Z Ρ Zi): black.
13 "The National Wind is lascivious" The following seven sentences: According to Ban Gu's Preface to Lisao, this sentence is from Liu An's Preface to Lisao.
14 Ban Gu: Zi Meng Jian, a writer in the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the author of Hanshu. For his words, see his Preface to Li Sao.
15 ? (du? right): resentment.
16 Yi (Yi Yi): Hou Yi, according to legend, had a monarch from a poor country in the Xia Dynasty, who was famous for his good shooting. He once abolished Xia Di Taikang and gained Xia's political power. He was later killed by his minister Han zhuó. Pouring: Han Zhuo's son (Han Zhuo killed Yi, took his wife, and gave birth to pouring). Pouring land has been called, also known as over-pouring. He destroyed Xia Di Xiang and was later destroyed by Xiang's son Shao Kang. Er Yao: There were two daughters of Yu Guojun in the Xia Dynasty. After dousing Xiang, Xiang's son Shao Kang fled to the country of Yu, and Yu Jun married his two daughters to Shao Kang. "Yao" is his surname.
17 Zuo Shi: refers to Zuo Zhuan, also known as Zuo Shi Chun Qiu, written by Zuo Qiuming. Disagreement: Qu Yuan wrote about Yi's over-hunting and over-indulging (see note 5 in the second paragraph of this article), and Shao Kang and Er Yao ("I'm not at home in Shao Kang, but I have a second Yao." ), and "Zuo Zhuan Xiang Gong four years" contained in the story of Yi, pouring, "Ai AD Year" contained in the story of Er Yao, basically the same, only slightly different in detail, slightly different in angle. Ban Gu said that it was too harsh to write these words in Li Sao.
18 Kunlun: The Kunlun Mountain was mentioned in Li Sao and Tian Wen. Hanging Garden: It's the top of Kunlun Mountain.
19 cases: ancestors, referring to pioneers.
21 Wang Yi: Uncle Zi, a scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote Chapters and Sentences of Songs of the South. The following words can be found in his preface.
21 Teal: In The Book of Songs, Elegance and Restraint, it was said, "Speak with your ears." According to legend, "Suppression" satirizes Zhou Pingwang by Wei Wugong, and at the same time encourages his own poems, which emphasize the lessons, so he said to mention his ears so as not to forget them. Words: words.
22 graceful: that is, obedience. Wan: Shun. "Preface to Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci" said: "Qu Yuan's Ci is excellent and smooth, so why not try to support him because of his ignorance?"
23 ê (Si Temple) ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê ê 2 (Guo Moruo's Modern Translation of Qu Yuan's Fu translates this sentence as: "I want to take the phoenix emperor as my car and the jade shovel as my horse." ): a four-horse cart is used as a verb here, which has the same meaning as the word "ride" below. Qiu: a kind of dragon, Yi: Yi (doctor), a kind of phoenix.
at p>24 o'clock, take the six dragons: There is a saying that "take the six dragons at one time" in The Book of Changes. The six hexagrams (Yao Yao) of divination are all symbolized by dragons, which dive or fly and rise and fall according to time. Wang Yi thinks that "Yu Yu Qiu" in Lisao is written according to "riding six dragons" in Zhouyi.
25 quicksand: In Lisao, it was said, "Suddenly I walked on this quicksand." Quicksand refers to the desert in the west.
26 Yugong: Yugong in Shangshu. Apply, distribute and manage. Yu Gong talks about Kunlun and quicksand.
27 Confucianism: here refers to general scholars, not limited to Confucianism.
28 instruments: rules.
29 phase: it also means "quality".
31 horses: equal. "Preface to Chapters and Sentences of Chu Ci" said: "Qu Yuan's words are sincere and far-reaching. Since the end, the famous scholars of Confucianism and Boda have been writing ci fu, trying to imitate their appearance, ancestor their models, take their best, steal their flowers and algae, and the so-called golden phase and jade are unparalleled in the world, and their names are extremely neglected and will never be published. "
31 Han Xuan: Western Han Xuan Di. In the biography of Wang Bao in Han Dynasty, it is said that Xuan Di loved The Songs of the South, and said, "A great poet is synonymous with ancient poetry." Here, "Great Man" refers to Qu Yuan's works, and "Ancient Poetry" refers to The Book of Songs. Sigh: praise.
32 Confucian classics: namely Confucian classics. Classics: refers to Confucian classics.
33 Yang Xiong: Zi Ziyun, a writer in the late Western Han Dynasty, wrote Taixuan, Fa Yan, Dialect and so on. In Wang Yi's Preface to the Songs of the South, Tian Wen said that Yang Xiong had explained the Songs of the South, but it has been lost.
34 body: main body.
35 square: than.
36 Meng Jian: Ban Gu. Biography: the annotation of classics, here also refers to classics.
37 tone: reputation refers to the appearance of things, which is opposite to the "reality" in the next sentence.
38 suppression: belittle and accuse. Yang: praise, praise.
39 Jian: take photos and identify.
41 play: ponder and understand. Nuclear: check and verify.
(2)
We will check the theory and make a statement. Therefore, the Geng Jie of Chen Yao and Shun is 1, which is called the only respect of Tang and Wu 2: the body of the imperial edict is also 3. The arrogance of ridicule and jealousy is 4, and the injury and pouring are 5: the purpose of irony is also 6. A dragon is a metaphor for a gentleman 7, and a cloud is a metaphor for evil 8: the meaning of Bi Xing is also 9. Every time I care about it, I hide my tears, sighing the nine weights of the monarch's door: the words of loyalty and resentment are also 12. The four things of Guanzi are the same as those of Wind and Elegance. As for Tuo Yunlong 14, it's strange to talk about pedantry 15, Hong Long asks for Fu Fei 16, and the bird-bird-media girl 17: weird words are also 18. Kang Huiqing Land 19, Yi Nong Song Day 21, Mufu Nine Poems 21, Tubo Sanmu 22: Talk about Strange Things 23. According to the legacy of Peng Xian, 24, from Zixu to self-adaptation, 25: narrow-minded ambition, 26. Scholars and women sit together, disorderly and regardless of 27, which means that they are happy; Entertaining wine does not waste, indulging in 28 days and nights, for joy: the meaning of debauchery is also. Pick these four things, and those who are extraordinary are also classic. Therefore, it is the same as that of the imperial edict, and it is the same as that of the boasting birthday. Those who have a solid knowledge of "Songs of the South" are slower than the three generations of 31, but elegant in the Warring States period of 31; He is a scholar of "Ya" and "Ode" 32, and the hero of Ci is also 33. Looking at the tree 34 of its bones and the 35 attached to its skin, although it takes the meaning of melting the classics, it also casts its own words. Therefore, "Sao Jing" and "Nine Chapters" 36, Langli mourned; "Nine Songs" and "Nine Arguments" are 37, and the injury is 38; "Travel" and "Tian Wen" are 39, and they are magnificent and clever 41; "Evocation of Soul" and "Evocation of Concealment" 41 are brilliant and profound; "Buju" is 42, and "Fisherman" is 43. Therefore, I can be angry with the ancient 44 and say goodbye to the present 45, which is amazing and gorgeous, and it is difficult to reconcile with it.
[translation]
To examine the truth of these comments, we must check the Songs of the South itself. Like "Li Sao", it states the brilliance and greatness of Tang Yao and Yu Shun and praises Xia Yu and Shang Tang's admonition, which is close to the content of the imperial edict in Shangshu. "Li Sao" satirizes Xia Jie and Shang Zhou's arrogance and deviance, lamenting the demise of Hou Yi and over-watering, which means admonishing irony. In Shejiang, Qiu and Long Lai are used as metaphors for good people, and in Lisao, clouds and rainbows are used as metaphors for bad people, which are the expressions of "Bi" and "Xing" in the Book of Songs. In Mourning, I said that I couldn't help crying when I looked back at my motherland. In Nine Arguments, I lamented that the king of Chu was in the deep palace and was difficult to get close to. That was the words of loyalty to the king and patriotism. Looking at these four points, it is the same as Chu Ci and Jing Shu. In addition, in Lisao, under the guise of dragons and cloud flags, some bizarre things are told, and the cloud god is invited to ask Luo God, and the ostrich is invited to have a good media. That is a bizarre statement. What was said in JIU ge that * * * knocked down the pillar and Hou Yi shot off nine suns? In Evocation, it is said that a tree puller has nine heads and the earth god has three eyes, which is a legend of genie. In Li Sao, it is said that we should learn from the example of Peng Xian, a wise doctor in the Yin Dynasty, and in Sad Return Air, it is also said that we should follow Wu Zixu to suit our own wishes, which is impatient and narrow-minded. In "Evocation", it is also regarded as a pleasure for men and women to sit together and tease, and drinking day and night is not only a pleasure, but also a dissolute meaning. The four points mentioned above are different from the scriptures. In a word, there are some contents in The Songs of the South that are the same as those in the Confucian Classics, and there are some places in which it exaggerates the description of false birth. It can be seen that it is basically learning the works of the ancients, but the content contained in it has been mixed with things from the Warring States period. Compared with The Songs of Chu and The Book of Songs, it is worse. But compared with later generations' ci-fu, it is much better. Judging from the basic contents of each article and the words attached, although some contents in the classics have been adopted, they are original in their own words. Therefore, Li Sao and Nine Chapters are clear, gorgeous and can express their will with sadness, while Nine Songs and Nine Arguments are beautiful and moving in expression. The contents of Yuanyou and Tianwen are wonderful and skillful in words, and the appearances of Evocation and Big Move are gorgeous and have inherent beauty. Therefore, the spirit of "Songs of the South" can surpass the ancients, while the rhetoric is beyond the later generations. This amazing literary talent and high degree of art are hard to match.
[Note]
1 Geng Jiejie of Yao and Shun: In Lisao, it is said: "Geng Jiexi of Pi Yao and Shun has followed the Tao and got the road." (Guo Moruo's Modern Translation of Qu Yuan's Fu translates these two sentences as: "I think Tang Yao and Yu Shun are really great and bright, and they are already on the right track." ) Geng: Bright. Jie: Big.
2 Tang Wu Zhi Zhi (zh Ι Zhi) Jing: Tang Wu and Tang wrote this book as "Yu Tang", which was translated as "Yu Tang". "Li Sao" said: "Tang Yuyi is only respectful." Shang Tang and Xia Yu are both cautious and respectful. ) only: it is also a respect.
3 Dian: refers to Yao Dian and other articles in Shangshu. Patent: refers to Shang Patent and other articles in Shangshu. Body: subject.
4. The unruly: "Li Sao" said: "Why is the unruly arrogant? My husband only takes shortcuts and embarrasses." Xia Jie and Yin You are so careless, they always love to take shortcuts and fall down repeatedly. ): arrogance. Wear: Borrowed as "Gou" (bì closed), which means devious.
5 Yi, pouring on the top of the meteorite (yǔn Yun): "Li Sao" said: "Yi's lewd travel is good for Yi (y) Yi (tián field) Xi, and it is good for shooting a husband and sealing a fox; Solid turbulence will eventually lead to freshness, and you will be greedy for your husband's family. Pouring and being clothed is strong (yǔ language), and I can't bear it; When I am entertained, I forget myself, and my head is used. " There is a poor Hou Yi who indulges in sightseeing and enjoys hunting. What he is happy about is shooting a fox outside Shan Ye. Originally an adulterer, he deserved nothing, and his courtier Han Zhuo even took his wife. Han Zhuo's son is overwatered and overbearing, indulging his own lust and can't stand it. He is so happy every day that he loses his head. " ) falling: falling.
rule 6: correct.
7 Qiu Long: In "Nine Chapters Involved in the River", it is said: "Driving a young man (cān meal) and Bai Chi (ch Ρ crazy)." ("Qu Yuan Fu Jin Translation" translates this sentence as: "Driving two horned green dragons with two horned white dragons." ) Wang Yi's note: "Qiu, Chi: God beast, suitable for driving, in order to show the innocence of the sage, should be trusted." Horses riding on both sides of the car.
8 Yunque (ní ni): In Lisao, it is said: "The wind is drifting away from each other, and it is handsome."