speed up the management of the Liaohe river basin and build a "harmonious Liaoning"

Preface of Liaoning Environmental Protection Bureau

The Thames is a famous "mother" river in Britain. It has a total length of 412 kilometers, crossing the British capital London and more than 11 cities along the river, with a drainage area of 13,111 square kilometers. After the industrial revolution, the population was concentrated, and a large amount of urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater were directly discharged into Hanoi without treatment. In addition, a large amount of garbage and dirt accumulated along the coast, making the river an open sewer in London. Summer stinks, causing foreign buildings along the river and the London Bell Tower to close their doors and windows. Dirty river water also caused epidemic diseases in coastal areas. From 1849 to 1954, about 25,111 people died of cholera in riverside areas. In 1858, the British government began to harness the Thames. The whole process of harness and restoration took 1.21 years, and many measures were taken, such as legislation, treatment of industrial wastewater, construction of urban sewage pipe network and construction of urban sewage treatment plant, which cost tens of billions of pounds. Now, the lower reaches of the Thames are considered as the clearest river passing through the capital city in the world. From the successful experience of Thames River regulation, we can see that river regulation cannot be achieved overnight, and our province is still in a period of rapid economic growth. It will take decades or even hundreds of years for Liaohe River regulation, which has a long way to go. I. Water Pollution Status and Characteristics of the Liaohe River Basin The Liaohe River Basin is one of the seven major water systems in China, consisting of two water systems, the Liaohe River and the Daliao River. Among them, the Liaohe River is formed by the confluence of the Xiliao River originating in Hebei Province and flowing through Inner Mongolia and Jilin Province and the Dongliao River originating in Jilin Province in Changtu County, Liaoning Province, and flows into the Bohai Sea in Panjin City, with a total length of 1,345 kilometers; Daliaohe River is formed by the confluence of Hunhe River originating in Qingyuan County and Taizi River originating in Xinbin County in Panjin City, and flows into the Bohai Sea in Yingkou City, with a total length of 511 kilometers. The Liaohe River basin covers an area of 69,111 square kilometers with a total population of more than 24 million. This area is the production base of agriculture and animal husbandry in China, and it is also one of the important industrial production bases in China. (I) Water resources in the basin From 1956 to 2111, the average surface water resources in Liaohe Basin for many years were 9.649 billion cubic meters, the groundwater resources were 7.323 billion cubic meters, the total water resources were 13.147 billion cubic meters, and the repeated water volume was 3.925 billion cubic meters. Total surface water resources. The average surface water resources of Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province for many years is 9.649 billion cubic meters. The total water resources of Liaohe River, Taizi River and Daliao River in Liaoning Province are the largest. Fushun and Tieling have the largest total water resources.

surface water resources in the basin (111 million cubic meters) Calculated area (square kilometers) Xilamulun River and Laoha River 1.953494 Dongliao River 1.61415 Liaohe River 35.97927 Hunhe River 24.3481 Taizi River and Daliao River main stream 34.39943.11111111116 The groundwater resources of Liaohe River Basin in Liaoning Province are 7.323 billion cubic meters. The total groundwater resources of Liaohe River, Taizi River and Daliao River in Liaoning Province are the largest. Tieling and Shenyang have the largest amount of groundwater resources. Surface water resources in the basin (111 million cubic meters) Xilamulun River and Laoha River 1.45 Dongliao River 1.21 Liaohe River 37.8 Hunhe River 16.66 Taizi River and Daliao River mainstream 18.11 Total 73.23 Table 3 Annual average total water resources of cities in Liaohe River Basin

Total surface water resources in administrative areas (111 million cubic meters) Total groundwater resources (111 million cubic meters) Shenyang City 11.1322.54 Anshan City 5.8114 6.56 Benxi 14.463.24 Jinzhou 3.144.86 Yingkou 1.741.14 Fuxin 2.974.68 Liaoyang 8.869.54 Tieling 19.911.71 Chaoyang 1.951.45 Panjin 2.391.67 Dandong 1.2117. The total discharge of OD is 411,811 tons, of which the discharge from industrial sources is 1.255 million tons, accounting for 31.5%, the discharge from domestic sources is 267,311 tons, accounting for 64.9%, and the discharge from large-scale livestock and poultry breeding sources is 1.9 million tons, accounting for 4.6%; The total emission of ammonia nitrogen is 36,781.9 tons, including 3,944.9 tons from industrial sources, accounting for 11.7%, 29,121.4 tons from domestic sources, accounting for 78.9%, and 3,814.6 tons from large-scale livestock breeding sources, accounting for 11.4%. It is estimated that the discharge of COD from non-point sources (urban runoff source, rural runoff source, mine runoff source and rural life source) in Liaohe River Basin is 51,811 tons, and the discharge of ammonia nitrogen is 2,151 tons. In 2114, the COD emission of Shenyang was significantly higher than that of other cities, and the order of total emission from high to low was Shenyang (21.8%), Yingkou (17%), Anshan (13.1%), Fushun (12.6%), Benxi (11.7%), Tieling (9.1%) and Panjin (6.9%). In 2114, the emission of ammonia nitrogen in Shenyang was significantly higher than that in other cities, and the order from high to low was Shenyang (21.8%), Yingkou (17%), Anshan (13.1%), Fushun (12.6%), Benxi (11.7%), Tieling (9.1%) and Panjin (6.9%). (III) Water quality in the basin The water quality in the Liaohe River basin is seriously polluted, which belongs to organic pollution, and the main pollution factor is chemical oxygen demand (COD). The worst water period of river pollution is the dry season, and the heaviest section is the urban section. In 2115, the water quality of Liaohe River Basin was heavily polluted. The water quality of 21 main monitoring sections (chemical oxygen demand COD) in the basin is mainly inferior to Grade V, accounting for 52.4%. ⅴ water quality accounts for 14.3%; Grade VI water quality accounts for 19.1%; Excellent water quality (I-III) only accounts for 14.3%. According to the evaluation of water period, the water pollution is the most serious in dry season, followed by normal season, and the water quality is better in wet season. Among the 21 sections, the highest value of COD appeared in Chenjia section of Tiaozi River in dry season, which was 6.4 times higher than the V water quality standard. The highest value of ammonia nitrogen also appeared in Chenjia section of Tiaozi River in dry season, which was 1.8.4 times higher than the V water quality standard. There are four rivers entering the Liaohe River Basin in our province: Xiliao River, Dongliao River, Zhaosutai River and Tiaozi River. Among the four provincial boundary sections, except Sanmenjuojia section of Xiliao River, the water quality is Grade V, and the rest are worse than Grade V.. Tiaozi River is the most polluted, with annual average values of COD and ammonia nitrogen of 1.67 mg/L and 1.7 mg/L respectively, which are 3.2 times and 7.9 times higher than the water quality standard of Class V.. (D) The characteristics and causes of water pollution in Liaohe River Basin lack of ecological water. Liaohe river basin is a seasonal and controlled river, and the precipitation and runoff vary greatly from year to year. 81% of the annual average precipitation occurs from June to September, and the runoff in July and August accounts for 61% of the annual runoff. In 2111 and 2111, the east and west Liaohe River and the main stream of Liaohe River continued to be cut off. The storage capacity of large and medium-sized reservoirs accounts for 34.4% of the total water resources, of which the Liaohe River accounts for 64.1%. Because of the lack of runoff, many urban river sections have become sewage ditches. Structural pollution is serious. Heavy chemical industry accounts for a large proportion in the basin, and the total amount of pollutants discharged is high, far exceeding the environmental capacity. The water consumption of metallurgy, petrochemical, electric power, paper making and coal industry accounts for 71% of the total industrial water consumption. In 2112, the COD emission per 11,111 yuan GDP was 11.44 kg, nearly twice the national average. The main pollution sources of the two major water systems are very different. The main pollution source of Liaohe River system is non-point source pollution, in which the average sand content of Laoha River in the upper reaches of West Liaohe River is 47.1 kg per cubic meter, and the annual sand transport to Liaohe River reaches more than 81 million tons. Soil erosion brings a lot of organic matter into the river to form non-point source pollution. Because the Huntai River system flows through the urban agglomeration in central Liaoning Province, the main pollution comes from industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. Non-industrial pollution has become increasingly prominent. With the improvement of living standards, the discharge of domestic sewage is increasing, and the proportion of domestic pollution is rising. The application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is increasing, but the effective utilization rate is only 31%-41%. The scale and layout of livestock and poultry breeding have not been effectively controlled, and the proportion of manure returning to the field and comprehensive utilization is very low. Breeding pollution has become another major pollution source after industry and life. Some cross-border tributaries are seriously polluted. The results of water quality monitoring for many years show that the water quality of Tiaozi River and Zhaosutai River, which entered Liaoning Province from Jilin Province, is very serious, and the water quality of all rivers exceeds five categories of standards, with the highest exceeding ten times. II. Progress and Existing Problems of Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Liaohe River Basin In 1996, the State Council listed the Liaohe River Basin as one of the "Three Rivers and Three Lakes" under national key control. In 1999 and 2113, the State Council successively approved the Ninth Five-Year Plan and the 2111 Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Liaohe River Basin and the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Liaohe River Basin. The provincial party committee and government also attached great importance to the prevention and control of water pollution in Liaohe River, taking it as a key task, seriously organizing and implementing the pollution prevention and control plan, actively promoting clean production, accelerating the construction of urban environmental infrastructure, and carrying out the prevention and control of rural non-point source pollution, etc., and the prevention and control of water pollution in Liaohe River Basin has achieved remarkable results. By the end of 2115, of the 86 key projects in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in Liaohe River Basin approved by the State Council, 57 have been completed, accounting for 66%, and 13 are under construction, accounting for 15%. In order to promote the pollution prevention and control in the basin, the following main measures have been taken: (1) Vigorously adjust the industrial structure. Unreasonable industrial structure, high pollution emission intensity and serious structural pollution are outstanding characteristics of water pollution in Liaohe River Basin. In view of this feature, the adjustment of industrial structure is regarded as a radical policy to promote the prevention and control of industrial pollution and improve the quality of economy, which reduces the discharge of pollutants at the source and promotes the coordinated development of environment and economy. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period in Liaoning Province, more than 611 enterprises with poor economic benefits and serious pollution were shut down, more than 1,711 enterprises with "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "New Five-Year Plan" were banned, and 12 paper mills with pulping scale of less than 21,111 tons were closed, with an annual emission reduction of more than 2 million tons of sewage and 31,111 tons of COD3.11 (2) Deepening the prevention and control of industrial pollution. Industrial pollution source is the second largest pollution source in the basin, and the total COD emission in 2114 reached 1.255 million tons. Since the discharge of industrial pollution sources reached the standard in 2111, the government has vigorously promoted cleaner production and continuously deepened the prevention and control of industrial pollution. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning Province carried out cleaner production audits on more than 481 key enterprises, * * * implemented more than 9,421 cleaner production schemes, saving 67 million tons of water annually and reducing wastewater discharge by 243 million tons, including 33,591 tons of COD and 4,554 tons of petroleum, achieving economic benefits of 1.942 billion yuan. More than 51 "zero discharge" enterprises have been established in high water consumption industries such as metallurgy, electric power, coal and mineral processing. Compared with 2111, the consumption of fresh water in industrial enterprises decreased by 24.5%. (3) Accelerate the construction of urban environmental infrastructure. In 2114, the total discharge of COD in Liaohe River Basin was 411,811 tons, of which 267,311 tons came from domestic pollution, which has become the largest pollution source in the basin. The construction of urban sewage treatment plant is the fundamental policy to control domestic pollution, and the construction speed and operation quality of sewage treatment plant are directly related to the effectiveness of water pollution prevention and control in Liaohe River. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, a large amount of funds will be raised for the construction of sewage treatment plants by collecting sewage treatment fees and promoting the industrialization of sewage treatment. By the end of 2115, 17 urban sewage treatment plants have been built in Liaohe River Basin, with a daily treatment capacity of about 2.585 million tons, and 11 sewage treatment plants are under construction. Through unremitting efforts over the past few years, the prevention and control of water pollution in Liaohe River Basin has achieved phased results, but there are still some problems in the work, which restrict the prevention and control of water pollution in the basin, mainly in the following aspects: First, insufficient attention is paid. In some areas, Scientific Outlook on Development has not been established and implemented, and the strategy of sustainable development has not been implemented, and pure GDP growth is still pursued at the expense of the environment and people's health; In some areas, there is still the idea that treatment is self-damage and downstream gain, and the prevention and control of water pollution is treated negatively. Second, insufficient investment in governance funds. Lack of funds is the main reason for the slow progress of the project, some projects under construction can not be completed on time, and 21% of the projects have not yet started. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, Liaoning Province should invest 9.343 billion yuan in key pollution prevention and control projects, accounting for only about four thousandths of GDP, and the actual investment was about 5.5 billion yuan by the end of 2115, less than 61% of the total investment. Third, it is difficult for the completed sewage treatment plant to maintain long-term stable operation. The collection rate of sewage treatment fees in our province is generally low, and the collection rate of sewage treatment fees in most cities is less than 51%, especially for users with their own water sources. The main reason is that the collection department of urban sewage treatment fee is not strong, the measurement is inaccurate and the leakage rate is high, which makes it difficult to ensure the long-term stable operation of sewage treatment plants. Fourth, the industrialization of sewage treatment plants is slow. Most of the sewage treatment plants that have been built in our province are essentially institutions established by the government, invested and operated by the government, and the government is responsible for repaying loans, and the government bears unlimited responsibilities. At the same time, the staff of sewage treatment plant is 2 ~ 5 times that of similar advanced enterprises in China, resulting in more staff, high cost and difficult management. Iii. objectives and countermeasures of water pollution prevention and control in the next step strengthening the prevention and control of water pollution in the Liaohe river basin is of great significance to safeguarding the vital interests of the people in the basin and the coordinated development of the regional economy. In the coming period, we should adhere to the people-oriented principle in the prevention and control of water pollution in the river basin, firmly establish and conscientiously implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, take the total discharge of pollutants as the main line, effectively improve the quality of water environment in the river basin, create a good production and living environment for people, and realize the coordinated development of regional economy, society and environment. (1) Overall goal The overall goal of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for the prevention and control of water pollution in the Liaohe River Basin, which is being organized by the state, is that by 2111, the total discharge of major pollutants will be reduced by 11% compared with 2115. The main stream of Liaohe River Basin will eliminate the water quality exceeding Grade V in high and low water periods; The dry season will continue to improve on the basis of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan", and the concentration of pollutants in water bodies exceeding the five water quality standards will drop by no less than 21%. The urban sewage treatment rate is not less than 71%, and the reclaimed water reuse rate is not less than 21%. (II) Main Work Since 1999, the management of Liaohe River has gone through the process of focusing on management, combining management and protection, and then combining management, protection and utilization; The treatment measures are mainly from managing industrial enterprises and building sewage treatment plants to developing clean production, building sewage treatment plants, promoting the reuse of reclaimed water and carrying out comprehensive measures to prevent and control agricultural pollution. In order to further improve the quality of water environment in the river basin, the prevention and control of water pollution in the river basin should follow the principles of combining pollution control with industrial structure adjustment, combining pollution control with water conservation, combining point source control with non-point source control, and combining engineering measures with ecological measures, focusing on the following tasks: First, industrial structure adjustment. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, all localities should increase the adjustment of industrial structure in the basin according to the national industrial policy, the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, and the needs of industrial upgrading. First of all, we should implement a stricter elimination system for existing enterprises and ban the closure of technologies, processes and technologies with high water consumption, serious pollution and poor economic benefits.