2. Baroque architecture. This architectural style was developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture. It is characterized by freedom, complexity, diversity, dynamic pursuit and strangeness. It likes rich decoration and sculpture. Strong colors are often interspersed with curved surfaces and oval spaces, but some architectural decorations are piled up too much. In Baroque churches, some churches have overlapping arcs and triangles, overlapping eaves and mountain flowers, and inclined columns and flat pilasters on both sides of the main entrance. There are two pairs of large scrolls on both sides of the upper part of the front. The altar of the church is richly decorated and free, and the mountain flowers on it break through the classical French style, making icons and decorating the lights. However, some churches have simple and elegant appearance, soft shape, few decorations, dry and flat external walls, and are in harmony with the natural environment. The interior decoration of the church is very gorgeous, which creates a strong contrast between the inside and the outside. There are also some churches that excessively pursue luxury and boldness in the use of this architectural style, even to the point of cumbersome stacking.
3. Ancient Roman Architecture This architectural style is an architectural style that the ancient Romans inherited Etruscan architectural technology and ancient Greek architectural achievements, and made extensive innovations in architectural form, technology and art. The secular architectural forms in ancient Rome are quite mature and varied, including the Pantheon, Venus and Roman temples in Rome, religious buildings such as the Sun Temple in Baalbek, and public buildings such as palaces, theaters, arenas, baths, squares and rectangular halls. Residential buildings include inner-chamber houses, houses combining inner-chamber houses with column houses, and apartments with four or five floors. In addition, its shape and function are well combined. For example, in the large theaters all over the Roman Empire, the audience's plane is semicircular, rising in rows, with vertical aisles as the main and horizontal aisles as the supplement. According to the ticket number, the audience arrived at the seats in each district from different entrances and stairs, and the flow of people did not cross, so it was convenient to gather and disperse. However, the stage is high, with the orchestra pit in front and the makeup building behind. The facade of the dressing building is the background of the stage, and both ends protrude forward, forming the embryonic form of the podium, which is similar to the basic shape of modern large-scale performance buildings. In addition, ancient Roman architecture can meet all kinds of complex functional requirements, mainly relying on high-rise arch coupon structure to obtain a wide internal space. The architectural art of ancient Rome has made great achievements, with rich and dignified style, harmonious and unified composition and various forms. The Romans opened up new fields of architectural art and enriched architectural technology.
4. Romantic architecture. This architectural style was popular under the influence of literary romanticism in the historical period. Its architectural style is characterized by emphasizing individuality, advocating naturalism, opposing rigid classicism, and advocating the use of medieval artistic style to compete with academic classicism. However, the building is limited to churches, universities, city halls and other medieval buildings. In architectural design, new materials and technologies are adopted, such as the famous Paris National Library, whose hall is designed as a sail arch with an iron skeleton at the top. Due to the design of this structure, the internal space is more spacious and transparent, giving people more space feelings.
5. French classical architecture. This architectural style originated in France, and was very popular during the autocratic monarchy of Louis XIII and Louis XIV from17th century to18th century. It is characterized by rigorous modeling and colorful interior decoration. The representative works of French classical architecture are large-scale and magnificent palace buildings and memorial square buildings. Their representative works include the east facade of the Louvre in Paris, the Palace of Versailles and the new church of the Paris Hospital for the Disabled. Later, with the development of history, this architectural style began to be popular in a large number of comfortable and quiet urban houses and small and exquisite country villas. In these houses, they replaced the luxurious halls with beautiful salons and comfortable living rooms.
6. Renaissance architecture. This architectural style is an architectural style after Gothic architecture, which originated in Italy. The greatest feature of this architectural style is that it sublates the Gothic architectural style of the Middle Ages, and re-adopts the pillar elements of ancient Greece and Rome in religious and secular buildings. On the one hand, architects adopted classical columns, on the other hand, they were flexible and bold in innovation, and even integrated the architectural styles of various regions with classical columns. They also applied many scientific and technological achievements of the Renaissance, such as mechanical achievements, perspective in painting, new construction machinery and tools. , into the practice of architectural creation. Its characteristics not only reflect the unified style of the times, but also attach great importance to expressing their artistic personality. In a word, Renaissance architecture, especially Italian Renaissance architecture, has shown unprecedented prosperity, which is a period of great development and improvement in the history of world architecture.
7. Roman architecture. The architectural style inherits the early Christian architecture, and its biggest feature is the combination of simplicity and splendor, which is mysterious. In architecture, the wall is huge and thick, with a series of small coupons on the wall and concentric multi-layer small round coupons on the portal. Using skeleton coupons instead of thick vaults, the plane is still Latin cross, and the plane form is becoming more and more complicated. With the development of architectural style, its central hall is getting higher and higher. In order to reduce and balance the lateral spinal force of the arch foot on the towering central hall, and make the vault adapt to different sizes and forms of planes, Gothic architecture came into being later. Representative historical works include the Italian Cathedral complex in Pisa and the German Cathedral in Vorm.
8.1The eclectic architecture popular in some European and American countries from the first half of the 9th century to the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by conservatism. In architectural style, architects imitate various architectural styles in history at will, or freely combine various architectural forms. They don't emphasize the fixed French style, but only the proportional balance and pure formal beauty. As a typical representative of western architectural art style, European architecture has great reference and influence on human beings in architecture. This style is very decorative and aesthetic. Decorative, it is gorgeous and rich, open-minded and calm, with bright colors, sharp contrast, elegant style and unique cultural interest. Because of its distinctive features, strong personality, rich decorative colors and self-contained, it forms a European architectural style. In the design, architects turn points, lines, surfaces and blocks into decorative elements, which are applied to the overall modeling of the building to form the decorative effect of building blocks. In addition, European architecture beautifies and decorates its own structure and frame, color, sculpture and other parts, and distinguishes and uses materials according to different purposes and performances. It is precisely because architects beautify and decorate European-style buildings that the buildings are more personalized, energetic and noble. In terms of aesthetics, in the personalized design of European architecture, the design elements such as modeling, color and image, as well as the conceptual factors such as national customs, beliefs and taboos are aggregated to make European architecture bring people a high-value ornamental value that can be associated and touched. With the continuous development of European architecture, its styles are more and more. These buildings are not only elegant, but also full of interest. There are casual, humorous and high-minded.