1. Lu Xun:

l In memory of Liu Hezhen, written in 1926, mourned Liu Hezhen and attacked Duan Qirui for the March 18th massacre. Selected from the sequel to the canopy collection.

l In memory of forgetting, written in 1933, in memory of Rou Shi, Bai Mang, Feng Keng, Hu Yepin and Li Weisen who were killed in 1931. Attack the Kuomintang government. Selected from "Southern Tune and Northern Tune".

l Blessing, selected from Wandering, was written in 1924.

l "medicine" is selected from "scream" and was written in April, 1919.

l a brief history of Chinese novels, the first novel history in China.

l Diary of a Madman, published in 1918, is Lu Xun's first vernacular novel and the earliest modern vernacular novel in China.

l Lu Xun's first novel is the classical Chinese novel Nostalgia.

l collection of novels: Scream, Wandering and New Stories.

l Prose Collection: Morning Flowers and Evening Picks.

l collection of prose poems: Weeds.

2. Jin Shengtan: (1618—1661), a famous person Rui, was a literary critic in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

3. Liu Xie:

l (about 466— about 539), Zi Yanhe, a literary critic of the Southern Dynasties.

l Wen Xin Diao Long is a masterpiece of ancient Chinese literary theory.

4. Wang Zengqi:

l (1921—1998), a writer from Gaoyou, Jiangsu.

l Hutong Culture, prose.

l's novels "Being ordained" and "Notes of Da Nao".

5. Zweig:

l (1881—1942), Austrian writer.

l The most beautiful tomb in the world, prose.

6. lev tolstoy:

p>l (1828—1911), a great Russian writer.

l Three great novels: War and Peace, anna karenine and Resurrection.

7. george sand:

l (1814—1876), a French woman writer.

l the beauty of winter, prose.

l the novel "kang su ai Luo" and "the grinder in Anji fort".

8. Zuo Zhuan:

l China's first chronological history book with detailed narrative.

according to legend, l was written by Zuo Qiuming, a historian of Lu State in the late Spring and Autumn Period.

l according to Confucius' revision of the history of Lu, Chunqiu.

l Zuo Zhuan is good at writing wars, and has written more than 411 wars.

l Zuo Zhuan is good at depicting characters.

l Zuo Zhuan has a direct influence on Sima Qian's writing Historical Records and Sima Guang's writing Zi Zhi Tong Jian.

l "The Battle of Candle Defeats the Qin Division" and "The Debate on Cao Gui".

9. Mandarin:

l The earliest national history in China is a compilation of ancient national historical materials.

l records the historical facts of eight countries, including Zhou and Lu, from the 12th year of Zhou Muwang (991 BC) to the 16th year of King Zhending of Zhou (453 BC). From the Western Weekend to the Spring and Autumn Period, the speeches of aristocrats in various countries were the main ones.

l The content of Guoyu can be compared with Zuo Zhuan, so it is called The Spring and Autumn Biography.

l "Goujian Destroys Wu", selected from "Guoyu Yueyu Shang".

11. The Warring States Policy:

l A book that records the history of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Qin Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty and other countries, in order to record the ideas or speeches of the advisers and strategists in the Warring States period.

l country style.

l Zou Ji satirizes coachable, king of Qi, which is selected from Qi Ce, the Warring States Policy.

l "Touching the Dragon and Saying Empress Zhao" is selected from "Warring States Policy Zhao Ce".

11. On (lún) Language:

l A book that records the words and deeds of Confucius, a great thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and his disciples.

l the first record.

l Author: It was written by Confucius' disciples, including the disciples who passed it on again.

l the most important classic works of Confucianism.

l Confucius put forward an ideological system centered on "benevolence".

l "Ji Shi will attack ZhuanXu", selected from The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi.

12. Mencius:

l Mencius: (former 372-former 289), a native of Zou County, Shandong Province.

l Mencius is a book that records the words and deeds of Mencius, a thinker in the Warring States Period.

l the first dialogue.

l was compiled by Meng Ke and his disciples.

l Mencius' political proposition is "benevolent governance".

l later generations are often called "Confucius and Mencius" and are also called "Asian saints".

l "I am to the country", "Qi Heng Jin Wen Shi" and "Mencius meets King Liang Xiang" are selected from "On King Liang Hui of Mencius".

l Zhuang Bao meets Mencius, which is selected from Mencius Liang Hui Wang Xia.

l There are other selections: Qi people have a wife and a concubine, and Yi Qiu.

13. Xunzi:

l Xun Kuang: (about 313-238 BC), a thinker at the end of the Warring States Period.

l Xunzi, written by Xun Kuang, was partly written by his disciples. There are 32 existing articles.

l "Encouraging Learning", excerpted from "Xunzi Encouraging Learning".

14. Zhuang Zi:

l Zhuang Zhou, (about 369-286 BC), was a Taoist thinker in the middle of the Warring States Period.

l Zhuangzi, written by Zhuang Zhou, his disciples and later scholars.

l autumn waters, excerpted from Zhuangzi autumn waters.

l Xiaoyao Tour is an excerpt from Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour, which is the most representative article of Zhuangzi.

15. Jia Yi:

l Jia Yi: (211-168 BC), a native of Luoyang, Western Han Dynasty. Political commentator and writer.

l On the Qin Dynasty, selected from Jia Yi's New Book. There are three parts in The Theory of Guo Qin, and the first part is selected here.

l On the Qin Dynasty: a political paper.

16. Sima Qian and Historical Records:

l The writing purpose of Historical Records is to "learn from the changes of ancient and modern times and become a unified statement when studying the relationship between man and nature".

l "Historical Records" content: It narrates the history of three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor in ancient legends to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty.

l style: general history of biographical style. Including eight books, ten tables, twelve biographies, thirty families and seventy biographies.

l China's first great historical work with people as the center created a precedent of biographical "official history".

l The establishment of Historical Records as the first biographical literature is of world significance.

l Lu Xun's comment on Historical Records: "The swan song of historians, leaving Sao without rhyme."

l The Hongmen Banquet: Excerpt from Historical Records of Xiang Yu.

l "Letter to Ren An", excerpted from Selected Works of Zhaoming.

l biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru, biographies of Qu Yuan and Xinlingjun stealing symbols to save Zhao.

17. Wang Xizhi:

l (321—379), a native of Langxie in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Linyi County, Shandong Province).

l is good at calligraphy and is known as the "sage of books". He was a general of the right army and was known as Wang Youjun.

l preface to the collection of Lanting, also known as preface to Lanting in calligraphy, is selected from the biography of five Xi in the Book of Jin.

18. Tao Qian:

l (365—427), a poet at the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in Chaisang, Xunyang (now southwest of Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) and was known as Mr. Jingjie and Mr. Wuliu.

l "Return to the Garden" and "Return to the Garden", selected from the Collection of Tao Yuanming.

Volume II

19. petofi:

l (1823—1849), a famous Hungarian patriotic poet.

l "Freedom and Love" and "I am willing to be a torrent".

21. Qian Zhongshu:

l Academic works include Tan Yi Lu and Guan Cone Compilation.

l the short story "man, beast and ghost" and the novel "besieged city" (the protagonists are some returned students).

21. Rousseau:

l (1712—1778) was an enlightenment thinker, philosopher, educator and writer in the 8th century in France.

l's masterpiece: Emile and Confessions.

22. sun Li:

l prose "orioles", selected from "Late China Collection".

l The short story "Lotus Lake" (also called a companion with the short story "Charge") is selected from "Baiyangdian Chronicle". The protagonist: the image of women group represented by aquatic sister-in-law

l The representative writer of Baiyangdian School is as famous as Zhao Shuli of Shanyao Egg School.

23. Wang Bo:

l (649—675) was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi).

l writers in the early Tang dynasty. The first of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty (Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang).

l Preface to Tengwang Pavilion, selected from Wang Zian Collection (word naming).

24. Han Yu:

l (768—824), whose word is retired, was born in Heyang (now Mengzhou, Henan).

l was born in Changli, Hebei province, and was called "Han Changli" in the world.

l an advocate of the "ancient prose movement in Tang dynasty", Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" in the Song Dynasty, and the Ming people listed him as the first of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".

l "Teacher's Commentary", selected from the Collection of Mr. Changli (named after his ancestral home).

l "Sacrifice to Twelve Langs", which is selected from "Full Tang Literature".

25. Biography of Six Arts: "Six Arts" refers to six kinds of classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chunqiu.

26. Du Mu:

l (813—852) was born in Mu Zhi, Tang Jingzhao (now Xi 'an).

l Li Du Xiao: Li Shangyin and Du Mu, poets in the late Tang Dynasty.

l Epanggong Fu, selected from Fan Chuan's Collected Works (named after the place of residence).

l Guo Hua Qing Palace, selected from Fan Chuan's Poems.

27. Su Xun:

l (1119—1166), whose name is Mingyun, was born in Meishan, Northern Song Dynasty (now Meishan, Sichuan) and was an essayist. Since the number "old spring".

l The Theory of Six Kingdoms, selected from Jia You Ji Quan Shu (named after the year).

28. Wang Anshi:

l (1121—1186), born in Linchuan (now Linchuan, Jiangxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty, is a politician and writer.

l a trip to Baochan Mountain, selected from the collected works of Mr. Linchuan.

l "Gui Zhi Xiang Jin Ling Nostalgia", selected from "Three Hundred Annotations on Song Ci".

29. Ouyang Xiu:

l (1117—1172), whose name is Yongshu, was named Zuiweng and Liuyi Jushi, born in Jishui (now Jishui, Jiangxi) in the Northern Song Dynasty, was a writer and historian.

l the leader of the poetry and prose innovation movement in the northern song dynasty advocated the unity of literature and Taoism.

l is the author of The Public Collection of Ouyang Wenzhong (named by posthumous title), The Book of the New Tang Dynasty (co-written with Song Qi), The New Five Dynasties

l The History of the New Five Dynasties is one of the twenty-four histories.

l "Biography of Lingguan", selected from "Biography of Lingguan in the New Five Dynasties".

31. Su Shi:

l (1137—1111), Zi Zhan, named Dongpo Jushi.

l Prose, poetry, ci and calligraphy all have their own styles.

l and Huang tingjian, the patriarch of Jiangxi poetry school, are both the most influential poets in the northern song dynasty.

l Shi Zhongshan, selected from the Complete Works of Su Dongpo.

l nian nu jiao chi bi nostalgia and jiangchengzi, selected from Dongpo Yuefu (ci collection).

l chibi fu, also known as "pre-chibi fu".

31. Gui Youguang:

l (1516—1571), whose name is Xifu, was born in Kunshan (now Kunshan, Jiangsu) in the Ming Dynasty, and was known as Mr. Zhenchuan in the world, a famous writer in the Ming Dynasty.

l Xuan Zhi of Xiang Ji, selected from Zhenchuan Anthology (named after the symbol).

32. Zhang Pu:

l (1612—1641), whose name is Tianru, was born in Taicang (now Taicang, Jiangsu) in the Ming Dynasty and was a writer in the late Ming Dynasty. He has organized a cooperative society and a complex society.

l "Five-person Tomb Inscription", selected from "Seven Records of Zhai Collection" (named after the study).

33. Yao Nai:

l (1731—1815), born in Tongcheng (now Tongcheng, Anhui Province) in the Qing Dynasty, is called Ji Chuan, a word Dream Valley. Tongcheng school ancient prose writers.

l "Climbing Mount Tai", selected from "Collection of Poems and Poems of Xi Baoxuan" (named after the study).

34. Tongcheng School:

l The most influential school of prose in Qing Dynasty.

the founder of l is Fang Bao.

l "Three Ancestors of Tongcheng": Fang Bao, Liu Dakui and Yao Nai.

35. Gong Zizhen:

l (1792—1841) was born in Renhe, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). Outstanding thinkers and writers in modern China.

l The Story of the Sick Plum Restaurant, selected from The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen.

Volume III

36. Xu Zhimo:

l (1896—1931), a native of Haining, Zhejiang Province, is a representative of the Crescent Poetry School.

l farewell to Cambridge, selected from Xu zhimo's complete poems.

37. Wen Yiduo: Dead Water, selected from Wen Yiduo's Complete Works.

38. Ai Qing: I love this land. Dayan River-My Nanny

39. Mu Dan:

p>l (1918—1977), formerly known as Cha Liangzheng, was born in Haining, Zhejiang.

l "Praise", selected from the Complete Poems of Mu Dan.

41. Cang Kejia: Old Horse.

41. Shu Ting is a contemporary poetess. Motherland, my dear motherland.

42. Liang Xiaobin is a contemporary poet. I love the autumn wind and light.

43. Han Dong: a contemporary poet. Mountain people.

44. Haizi: Facing the sea, bloom is warm in spring.

45. Pushkin:

l (1799—1837), a great Russian poet, was the founder of Russian literature. "The Sun of Russian Poetry" initiated the literary tradition of realism and romanticism

l To the Sea, selected from The Complete Works of Pushkin's Lyrics.

46. Wordsworth:

l (1771—1851), a representative poet of lake poets in England.

l The Lonely Reaper, selected from Selected Lyrics of the World.

47. Dickinson:

p>l (1831—1886), an American poetess.

l Beyond the Fence, from Selected Poems by Emily Dickinson.

48. The Book of Songs:

l The earliest collection of poems in China.

l was originally called "The Book of Songs", and Confucianism listed it as one of the classics, so it was called "The Book of Songs".

l quantity: 315.

l content: it is divided into "wind" (national wind in 2115, mostly folk songs), "elegance" (elegance and elegance, which are the lyrics of court music) and "ode" (Zhou Song, Lu Song and Shang Song, which are music songs sacrificed in ancestral temples).

l reflects the 511-year ancient social life from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the 11 th century BC to the middle of the spring and autumn period in the 6 th century BC.

l techniques: fu, bi and xing.

l Six meanings in The Book of Songs: style, elegance and praise; Fu, Bi and Xing.

l sentence pattern: mainly four words.

l The Book of Songs initiated the realistic tradition of ancient Chinese poetry.

l Wei Feng Meng, Qin Feng No Clothes, Gao Feng Jing Nv.

49. Qu Yuan:

l (about 341 BC-278 BC), whose name is Ping, is the original word. Chu people in the Warring States period. He used to be a doctor in San Lv.

l Li Sao: the masterpiece of Songs of the South, the longest lyric poem in ancient China.

l Li Sao initiated the romantic tradition of ancient Chinese poetry.

l nine chapters, nine songs, Tian Wen and Mrs. Xiang.

51. Songs of the South:

l Collection of the Warring States Period.